（《脉经曰》∶“举之有余，按之不足”。崔氏曰∶“如水上漂木，主表”。）
浮从水面悟轻舟，总被风寒先痛头。里病而浮精血脱，药非无效病难瘳。
浮紧伤寒，浮虚伤暑，浮数伤风，浮迟伤湿。亦有里病而浮者。浮而云腾蜃起，多属阴虚；浮而绵软葱空，
半由失血；浮而月荡星摇，预知精败；浮而羽铩毛散，可卜神消。
（《脉经》曰∶“重手按至筋骨乃得。”杨氏曰∶如石沉水底，主里。”）
沉居筋骨有无 ，着骨推筋仔细摩。
有病而沉兼别脉，沉而无病世人多。
沉迟痼冷，沉数内热，沉滑痰积，沉紧冷痛。多有无病脉沉者。沉居命脉悠长，足征寿考；沉居肾脉恬
静，咸颂仁人；沉居关脉调匀，允称秀士；沉居寸脉圆活，定是名姝。
（《脉经曰∶“一息三至，去来极慢。”迟为阳不胜阴，脉来不及）
迟惟三至欲亡阳，好与医家仔细详。
总是沉寒侵脏腑，只宜温药不宜凉。
浮迟表寒，沉迟里寒，有力积寒，无力虚寒，未有无寒脉迟者。迟为内病壅阏，温养阳刚；迟为外病浸凌，
温消阴翳；迟为缓病缠绵，温补元气；迟为急病驰骤，温散客邪。
（《脉经》曰∶“一息常数六至。”《素问》曰∶“脉流薄疾。”数为阴不胜阳。）
数脉为阳至倍三，脉中数脉实难谙。
而今始识诸般数，嘱咐医人莫乱探。
五行之中，金木水土，各居其一，惟火则有二。而推其火之类，不
特本经之火。海枯被火，则为肾火；榆能生火，则为肝火；石可取火，则为肺火；壤内藏火，则为脾火。不止
有二，而有六矣。而充其火之尽，不特当时之火。风热而炽，则为风火；寒郁而热，则为寒火；暑伤而温，则
为暑火；湿积而蒸，则为湿火；燥过而枯，则为燥火。是内有六，外亦有六矣。而穷其火之变，不独五运六气
之火，又有无根之火，痰结之火，血燥之火，莫可名状、莫可纪极之火。综此以观，无病不有火，无火不脉数，
无药不可以治数。君火而数，芩连固为折火之正敌；相火而数，桂附亦为归火之灵丹。脾倦生火，数非参
莫疗；肝盛生火，数惟柴芍可除。数缘肾虚，两地滋阴，不必降火；数由肺损，二冬泄热，即以清金。解痰火
之数，惟恃法夏；润血燥之数，须用当归。伤风发热，可以去风，即可以治数，防风、羌活；伤寒发热，于焉
去寒，即于焉治数，麻黄、桂枝。疗暑热之数脉，焦术、川乌，极为妙品，调湿热之数脉，苍术、黄柏，实有
神功。阿胶养秋燥之金，脉数自减，元参泄无根之火，脉数以除。区别内外，分析经络，以脉证病，以病证脉，
斯得之矣。安得有心人，与之谈数脉哉！
（《脉经》说：“轻取即得，重按稍减而不空。”崔氏说：“像木头漂在水面上，主表证”。）
浮脉从水面的轻舟领悟其象，总是因为风寒之邪先侵袭头部导致疼痛。如果是里病而见浮脉，则是精血脱失，此时用药虽非无效，但病情难以痊愈。
浮紧脉为伤寒，浮虚脉为伤暑，浮数脉为伤风，浮迟脉为伤湿。也有里病而出现浮脉的情况。浮脉如云气升腾、海市蜃楼般虚幻，多属于阴虚；浮脉绵软中空像葱管一样，多半是由于失血所致；浮脉如月亮荡漾、星星摇晃般不稳，预示精气败坏；浮脉如羽毛折断、毛发散乱般无根，可以推断神气消亡。
（《脉经》说：“重手按压至筋骨才能触及。”杨氏说：“像石头沉入水底，主里证。”）
沉脉位于筋骨之间，若有若无，需要贴着骨头推开筋肉仔细摸察。
有病而脉沉兼见其他脉象，脉沉而无病的人世间很多。
沉迟脉为久寒痼冷，沉数脉为内热，沉滑脉为痰积，沉紧脉为冷痛。有很多无病之人脉象也沉。沉脉在命门部位悠长有力，足以证明长寿；沉脉在肾部恬静柔和，都称赞为仁人君子；沉脉在关部调匀，确实称得上是秀士；沉脉在寸部圆活流利，定然是名妓或美女。
（《脉经》说：“一呼一吸脉跳三次，来去极慢。”迟脉为阳气不胜阴气，脉搏来不及跟上呼吸节奏。）
迟脉仅跳动三次，提示阳气欲亡，应当与医生仔细详查。
这总是因为沉寒侵入脏腑，只适宜用温药，不适宜用凉药。
浮迟脉为表寒，沉迟脉为里寒，有力者为积寒，无力者为虚寒，没有不是因寒导致脉迟的。迟脉表示内部疾病壅塞阻滞，需用温养阳刚之法；迟脉表示外部病邪浸凌，需用温散阴翳之法；迟脉表示慢性病缠绵难愈，需用温补元气之法；迟脉表示急病势猛，需用温散客邪之法。
（《脉经》说：“一呼一吸脉跳六次以上。”《素问》说：“脉流迫促急疾。”数为阴不胜阳。）
数脉属阳，比正常脉率快三倍，脉中的数脉实在难以精通。
如今才识得各种各样的数脉，嘱咐医者不要胡乱探究。
五行之中，金木水土各居其一，只有火有两种。推究火的类别，不仅指本经之火。海枯被火烤，则为肾火；榆树能生火，则为肝火；石头可取火，则为肺火；土壤内藏火，则为脾火。不止有二种，而有六种了。充实火的极致，不仅指当时的火。风热炽盛，则为风火；寒郁而化热，则为寒火；暑伤而致温，则为暑火；湿积而蒸腾，则为湿火；燥过而干枯，则为燥火。这样内部有六，外部也有六了。穷尽火的变化，不只五运六气之火，还有无根之火，痰结之火，血燥之火，不可名状、不可纪极的火。综合这些来看，没有病不伴有火，没有火不出现数脉，没有药不可以治疗数脉。君火而数，黄芩、黄连固然是折火的正敌；相火而数，肉桂、附子也是引火归元的灵丹。脾倦生火，数脉非人参莫治；肝盛生火，数脉唯有柴胡、芍药可除。数脉缘于肾虚，两地汤滋阴，不必降火；数脉由肺损引起，二冬泄热，即以清金。解痰火之数脉，唯赖法半夏；润血燥之数脉，须用当归。伤风发热，可以去风，即可以治数脉，用防风、羌活；伤寒发热，于此去寒，即于此治数脉，用麻黄、桂枝。疗暑热之数脉，焦白术、川乌，极为妙品，调湿热之数脉，苍术、黄柏，实有神功。阿胶滋养秋燥之肺金，脉数自然减少，玄参泄无根之火，脉数得以消除。区别内外，分析经络，以脉证实，以病证脉，这就对了。怎得有有心人，与之谈论数脉呢！
(The *Mai Jing* [Pulse Classic] states: "When lifted, there is excess; when pressed, it is insufficient." Cui Shi says: "Like a piece of wood floating on water, indicating exterior syndrome".)
The Fu (Floating) pulse is understood from the lightness of a boat on water; it is always due to Wind-Cold pathogenic factors first causing pain in the head. If an interior disease presents with a Fu pulse, it indicates depletion of Essence and Blood; although the medication may not be ineffective, the disease will be difficult to cure.
Fu-Jin (Floating-Tight) pulse indicates Shanghan (Cold Damage); Fu-Xu (Floating-Deficient) pulse indicates injury by Summerheat; Fu-Shu (Rapid) pulse indicates injury by Wind; Fu-Chi (Slow) pulse indicates injury by Dampness. There are also cases of interior diseases presenting with a Fu pulse. A Fu pulse that rises like clouds or appears like a mirage mostly belongs to Yin Deficiency; a Fu pulse that is soft and empty like a scallion stalk is half due to blood loss; a Fu pulse that wavers like the moon or shakes like stars presages the deterioration of Essence; a Fu pulse that is scattered like broken feathers or loose hair indicates the dissipation of Shen (Spirit).
(The *Mai Jing* states: "Only when heavy pressure reaches the bones and sinews can it be felt." Yang Shi says: "Like a stone sinking to the bottom of water, indicating interior syndrome.")
The Chen (Deep) pulse resides between the sinews and bones, existing in presence and absence; one must push aside the sinews and press against the bone to feel it carefully.
If there is disease and the pulse is Chen accompanied by other pulses, many people in the world have a Chen pulse without disease.
Chen-Chi (Deep-Slow) pulse indicates entrenched cold; Chen-Shu (Deep-Rapid) pulse indicates internal heat; Chen-Hua (Deep-Slippery) pulse indicates phlegm accumulation; Chen-Jin (Deep-Tight) pulse indicates cold pain. Many healthy people have a Chen pulse. A Chen pulse that is long and leisurely at the Mingmen (Gate of Life) position proves longevity; a Chen pulse that is tranquil and quiet at the Kidney position is praised as a benevolent person; a Chen pulse that is even and harmonious at the Guan (Bar) position is worthy of being called a scholar; a Chen pulse that is round and lively at the Cun (Inch) position is definitely a beautiful woman.
(The *Mai Jing* states: "Three beats per respiration, coming and going extremely slowly." Chi (Slow) pulse occurs when Yang cannot overcome Yin, and the pulse cannot keep up with the respiration.)
Chi pulse has only three beats, suggesting the impending loss of Yang Qi; physicians should examine this carefully.
This is always due to deep cold invading the Zang-Fu organs; only warm herbs should be used, not cooling ones.
Fu-Chi (Floating-Slow) pulse indicates exterior cold; Chen-Chi (Deep-Slow) pulse indicates interior cold; forceful indicates accumulated cold; forceless indicates deficiency cold; there is no case where cold does not result in a Chi pulse. Chi pulse indicates internal disease obstruction; use warm methods to nourish Yang and Gang (firmness); Chi pulse indicates external pathogenic invasion; use warm methods to dissipate Yin shadows; Chi pulse indicates lingering chronic illness; use warm methods to tonify Yuan Qi (Original Qi); Chi pulse indicates rapid acute illness; use warm methods to scatter guest pathogens.
(The *Mai Jing* states: "Constant six beats per respiration." The *Su Wen* [Basic Questions] states: "The pulse flows rapidly and forcefully." Shu (Rapid) pulse occurs when Yin cannot overcome Yang.)
Shu pulse is Yang and beats more than double the normal rate; understanding Shu pulses within the vessels is truly difficult.
Now I begin to recognize various types of Shu pulses; I instruct physicians not to explore recklessly.
Among the Five Elements, Metal, Wood, Water, and Earth each occupy one place, but Fire has two. Extending the categories of Fire, it is not just the Fire of the meridian itself. When the sea dries up due to fire, it is Kidney Fire; when elm trees generate fire, it is Liver Fire; when stones produce fire, it is Lung Fire; when soil contains fire, it is Spleen Fire. This is not just two, but six. Expanding the extent of Fire, it is not just the fire of the moment. When wind-heat blazes, it is Wind Fire; when cold stagnates and transforms into heat, it is Cold Fire; when summerheat injures and causes warmth, it is Summerheat Fire; when dampness accumulates and steams, it is Damp Fire; when dryness exceeds and causes withering, it is Dryness Fire. Thus, there are six internally and six externally. Exhausting the transformations of Fire, it is not only the Fire of the Five Movements and Six Qi, but also Rootless Fire, Phlegm-Knotting Fire, Blood-Drying Fire, and fires that cannot be named or recorded. Observing all these, there is no disease without Fire, no Fire without a Shu pulse, and no medicine that cannot treat a Shu pulse. For Jun (Monarch) Fire with a Shu pulse, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Lianzi (Coptidis Rhizoma) are indeed the correct enemies for reducing fire; for Xiang (Minister) Fire with a Shu pulse, Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) are also spiritual elixirs for guiding fire back to its source. For Spleen fatigue generating fire, a Shu pulse requires Ginseng (Ren Shen) for treatment; for Liver excess generating fire, a Shu pulse can only be removed by Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix). For Shu pulse due to Kidney deficiency, Liangdi Tang (Two Grounds Decoction) nourishes Yin, and there is no need to reduce fire; for Shu pulse due to Lung damage, Donghua (Asparagi Rhizoma) and Donggen (Ophiopogonis Radix) drain heat, thereby clearing Metal. To resolve the Shu pulse of Phlegm-Fire, only Faxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum) is relied upon; to moisten the Shu pulse of Blood dryness, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) must be used. For wind-stroke fever, dispelling wind treats the Shu pulse; Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) and Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) are used. For cold-damage fever, dispelling cold treats the Shu pulse; Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) and Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) are used. For treating the Shu pulse of summerheat-heat, Jiaozhu (Scorzonerae Radix Fried) and Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix) are excellent products; for regulating the Shu pulse of damp-heat, Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) perform miraculous functions. Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) nourishes the Metal of autumn dryness, and the Shu pulse naturally decreases; Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) drains rootless fire, and the Shu pulse is eliminated. Distinguishing interior and exterior, analyzing meridians and collaterals, using pulse to verify disease, and using disease to verify pulse—this is the correct approach. How can one find a thoughtful person to discuss Shu pulse with?