当谓木有根 ，水则有源。根 盛则枝叶畅茂，源深则其流必长。小儿禀父母元气而生
成，元气盛则肌肤充实，惊，疳，积，热，无由而生，风寒暑湿，略病即愈。元气虚则体质
怯弱，诸证易生，所患轻则药能调治，所患重则可治者鲜。故试 之后，或不能言，或不能
行，或手拳不展，发不生，斯犹可治。甚则初生之时，脐风撮口，吊肠等证，锁肚，重舌无
声，舌焦，遍体青黑，如此症状，非急疗则百无一活。若其余诸病不一，治之之道，当观形、
察色、听声、切脉。观形则先观其眼，若两眼无精光，黑睛无运转，目睫无锋芒，如鱼眼、
猫
眼睛鼠视，此为惊邪入肝。面红眼赤，惕惕夜啼，则惊邪入心。面青恶叫，啮奶切牙，乃惊
邪入肾。面色淡白，喘息气乏，则惊邪入肺。面黄，呕吐不食，虚汗多睡，乃惊邪入脾。皆
随其状而治之。若夫听声，则睡中惊啼声浮者易治，声沉不响者难痊，或声如鸦中弹者不治。
至于切脉，虚则细而迟，实则洪而数。次当看纹，候男左女右手辨之，从虎口内至第一节是
风关，第二节是气关，第三节是命关。第一节风关，赤纹乃飞禽内外人惊，赤纹微乃火惊；
黑则水惊，兼打扑惊；青色乃天雷四足惊，内隐青纹微屈，则是急风候，纹弯乃停食候。第
二节气关，紫色纹是惊疳，青色纹乃疳传肝经，白则疳传肺经，若黄色乃传脾经，黑色难安。
第三节命关，青黑纹现三关通度，斜归指甲则不治。至于惊、疳、积、热四证，惊者虚惕怔
忪，气怯神散，痰涎来去，其泻必青，积渐生风，其证有冷热虚实。冷则燥之，虚则温之，
实则利之，热则凉之，是为活法。急惊之候，通关截风，定搐去痰，其热尚作，则当下之，
一泄已后，又急须和胃镇心，不可过用寒凉等剂。其或口中出血，两足摆跳，腹肚搐动，摸
体寻衣，神昏气促，喷药不下，通关不嚏，心中痛绝，忽大叫者难愈。慢惊之候，宜于生胃
气药，和以截风定搐，不可太燥。其或四肢厥冷，吐泻加嗽，面黯唇惨，胃痛鸦声，口生白
疮，发直摇头，喘急涎鸣，口眼手足一边牵引者，难愈。慢脾十救一二，只当生胃回阳。如
太冲脉在，则取百会穴多灸之。若身冷粘汗，直卧如尸，喘嗽头软，大小便不禁，虚痰上攻，
呼吸气粗，脉来浮数，是谓阴盛强阳。错认阳气已复，直与峻药下痰，痰随气下，人以医杀
咎之。此则覆灯将绝之证，虽不药亦无生意矣。又有喉中痰涎声如曳锯，一两日间闭目不开，
此为虚痰，保养其气，凌遽下痰，亦未可保，苏合香、白丸子辈姑与之。（男子、妇人有此
证，亦当守此二药。以上惊风本证各见后。） 病发痫天钓，亦风之种类。举身僵仆，有汗
不恶寒，手足冷，口噤，为柔 。无汗恶寒，身反张，咬齿为刚 。得之未易施治。诸痫八
证∶马痫张口摇头，马鸣反折；羊痫喜扬吐舌；犬痫手屈，两足拳挛；鸡痫摇头反折；（并
属阳。）猪痫口吐涎沫，振目视人；牛痫目视腹胀；乌痫唇口撮聚，手足俱摇；蛇痫身软头
举，吐舌视人。（并属阴。）治法，须辨其冷热，顺气平血，豁痰除风。其或目睛不转，口噤
无声，唇面青黑，肚胀不乳，身热下血，厥逆吐利，汗出壮热不止，体软不睡，眼生白障，
不治之候。天钓者，壮热翻眼，手足搐掣，如鱼之上钓，皆由乳母过 热毒，遄复乳儿，兼
挟风邪所致。但当解利风热，则应手而愈。惊风诸证，有不可治者。总而论之，项筋无力，
鱼口气粗，啮齿咬人，泻下如瘀血，手足搐搦不停，目似开不开，身软口噤，不食，木舌干
涩，反张脊强，卤陷不动，啼不作声，冷汗如雨；慢脾灸不醒，视物不转睛，眼上赤脉。虽
卢、扁复生，亦无如之何。若疳候，儿童二十岁以下为疳，二十岁以上为痨。痨与疳皆气血
虚惫，脏腑受伤，故有肝心脾肺肾五疳；外有蛔疳、脊疳、脑疳、干疳、疳渴、疳泻、疳痢、
肿胀、疳劳、无辜疳、丁奚、哺露，治之各有方。其病多因乳哺失常，肠胃停滞，或妄服吐
下药，津液内竭而得之。故其为候，头皮光急，毛发焦稀，腮缩鼻干，口淡唇白，两眼昏烂，
揉鼻 眉，脊耸体黄，斗甲切牙，焦竭自汗，漩白泻酸，肚胀肠鸣，癖结潮热。或身多疮疥，
酷嗜瓜果咸酸炭米泥土，多饮水者，皆其证也。惟肾疳害人最速者，盖肾虚受邪热，疳气奔
上焦，故以走马为喻。初作口气，次第齿黑，盛则龈烂，热血迸出，甚则齿脱，宜急治之，
纵得全活，齿不复生。其余诸疳，如或饮水不已，滑泄不休，舌上黯黑，目睛青筋，眼角黑
气，小便如乳，牙黑骨枯，脱肛，咳逆气促，身上粟生斑黑，唇白腹高，人中平满，抱着手
足，垂 无力，衬着脚心，全不知疼，身体变冷，为五绝，岂有瘳乎。积者面目浮黄，肚紧
胀痛，覆睡多困，酷啼不食，或大肠秘涩，小便如油，或便利无禁，粪白酸秽，此皆其证也。
其或面黑泻黑，肚胀，泄下不止，气粗，手心有疮，瘦弱柔软，亦莫能疗。热之为病，有实
有虚。实者两脸深红，唇口红紫，燥渴焦烦，大小便难，啼叫无时，时发极热。虚者面色青
白恍惚，微潮，口中清冷，泄泻，虚汗，或乍冷乍温，上壅下利，水谷不分，乃冷热不调。
外有十证∶热者潮热如疟；风热不减乳食；积热多吐；伤寒脚手冷；耳、鼻、脚梢、手指尖
冷，乃麻疹之证；唇汗口珠，乃变蒸候也；多泻多渴，疳之为热；面青脉大，惊热的矣；脾
痛啼声不息；瘅毒嘹然，目闭，面如丹。胎中全不受热，诸吐乳食不化，面色黑，随食随吐，
通身冷则为不治。诸泻日久，不宜紧涩之药卒止，先须调气和中。若洞泻不止，乳食不进，
无有愈期。汗多舌出，唇红眼闭，摇头气粗，两肋动，口生血疮，吐泻得之，名曰胃烂，夭
亡转盼。至于八痢，则有鱼口，噤口，五色，脱肛，脏毒，脾毒，冷积，疳痢，无非便下脓
血，里急外重，脐腹急痛，日夜无度。治之当何如？须究其因，先以去积、宽肠、通气之剂，
续为之断下，鲜有不愈。其或所下如鱼肠血水，壮热，烦渴，不食，自汗，小便不利，未知
有瘳。疮疹一证，乃表虚里实，其根于脏腑，所患重。麻疹表实里虚，其根于皮肤，所患轻，
不治亦自愈。至若痘疹，多因时令不正，气候传染，加之外感风寒，内积邪热而得，大抵与
伤寒相类。发热烦躁，脸赤唇红，身痛头疼，耳、鼻、脚梢、手中指俱冷，喷嚏呵欠，喘漱
痰涎，或乍寒乍热，疑似之间，当视其耳后有红脉赤缕，及见心胸间细点如粟起为真。首尾
不可汗下，宜温凉之剂，解毒和中安表。大要如 人作灶炊样，务得松耳。其或热极生风，
或发惊搐，但当清心散风，切不可投冷惊之药及灼艾，盖灸则火助热炽，投冷惊药则毒瓦斯内
伏，反为大害。仍忌诸般臭秽，煎炒油烟，父母行房梳头等触犯。未发而触，则毒瓦斯入心，
闷乱而死。已发而触，则疮痛如割，以致黑烂，切宜禁戒。仍烧带诸香，及打醋炭，喷胡荽
酒于遍房，以辟秽浊之气。却不可以田舍儿不忌无恙为常法。病此者多不服药，岂知未发、
已发则合解散，正发则合活气血。若根据此，非惟出疏，亦易干敛，仍免后惫。若不根据此，则
邪盛疮密，收亦费力。余毒为患，致生痈疽疥痨，赤眼咽喉口疮之疾。至于善恶之证，犹当
细认。如善证，则乳食如常，大便或一日一次，或两日一次通者，只须用和，不冷不热之药，
自保十平全。如恶证，则春夏属阳为顺，秋冬为逆。冬月寒，肾水得时，多归于肾。或先如
疟，后发渴，其疮色如黯血，此肾证也，不治。春脓 为金克木，夏黑陷为水克火，秋斑子
为火克金，冬疹子为土克水，并逆。鼻有黑气，或舌黑，疮已出而谵语燥渴，小便涩，泄泻，
不入食；疮成饼搭，黯惨不发，其声焦哑，两眼闭而黑睛 ，面肿鼻陷，目闭，频啮齿，
头面肿大；疮尽抓破，或臭不可近，或脚冷至膝；疮小黑而焦，风攻颐颔，唇项肿硬，胸高
而突。以上症状，均不可治。外此，至于风寒暑湿之感，与大人无异治之法，特剂量差少耳。
杂症则随方备治。吁，为医之道，大方脉为难，活幼尤难。以其脏腑脆嫩，皮骨软弱，血气
未盛，经络如丝，脉息如毫，易虚易实，易冷易热。兼之口不能言，手不能指，疾痛之莫知，
非观形、察色、听声、切脉，究其病源，详其阴阳表里虚实，而能疗之者，盖亦寡矣。若妄
投药饵，即生他证，可不戒之！
所谓树木有根，水则有源头。树根茂盛则枝叶繁茂，水源深远则水流必定长久。小儿禀受父母的元气而生长发育，元气充足则肌肤充实，惊风、疳积、积滞、发热等病便无从产生，即使感受风寒暑湿邪气，也稍微生病就能痊愈。元气虚弱则体质怯弱，各种病症容易发生，患病轻的用药能调理治疗，患病重的能治好的很少。所以试探之后，如果有的不能说话，有的不能行走，有的手握拳不能舒展，头发不长，这些情况还可以治疗。严重的如刚出生时出现脐风撮口、吊肠等证候，锁肚、重舌无声、舌焦黑、遍体青黑，像这样的症状，不紧急治疗则百无一活。至于其他各种疾病不一，治疗的方法，应当观察形态、察看面色、听声音、切脉象。观察形态先观察眼睛，如果两眼没有精光，黑睛不能转动，眼睑睫毛没有锋芒，像鱼眼、猫眼、老鼠视物一样，这是惊邪入肝。面红眼赤，夜间惊恐啼哭，则是惊邪入心。面色发青且厌恶呼叫，咬奶磨牙，乃是惊邪入肾。面色淡白，喘息气短乏力，则是惊邪入肺。面色发黄，呕吐不食，虚汗多睡，乃是惊邪入脾。都要根据各自的症状来治疗。至于听声音，睡眠中惊啼声浮浅的容易治疗，声音低沉不响亮的难以痊愈，或者声音像乌鸦中弹一样的无法治疗。至于切脉，虚证脉细而迟缓，实证脉洪大而数。其次要看指纹，辨别男左女右手，从虎口内至第一节是风关，第二节是气关，第三节是命关。第一节风关，红色纹是飞禽内外人惊吓所致，红色纹微细是火惊；黑色是水惊，兼有跌打惊吓；青色是天雷四足惊吓，内部隐现青色纹微屈，则是急风征候，纹弯曲则是停食征候。第二节气关，紫色纹是惊疳，青色纹是疳传肝经，白色是疳传肺经，如果是黄色则是传脾经，黑色则难安。第三节命关，青黑纹显现并三关通度，斜向指甲方向则无法治疗。至于惊、疳、积、热四种证候，惊证表现为虚怯怔忡，气怯神散，痰涎往来，其腹泻必为青色，积滞渐而生风，其证候有冷、热、虚、实之分。冷则用燥法，虚则用温法，实则用利法，热则用凉法，这是灵活的治疗方法。急惊风的证候，宜通关截风，定搐去痰，如果热势仍盛，则应当攻下，一旦泻下之后，又必须立即和胃镇心，不可过度使用寒凉药剂。如果出现口中出血，两足跳动，腹部抽搐，摸衣寻物，神志昏迷气息急促，喷药不下，通关不嚏，心中痛绝，忽然大叫的，难以治愈。慢惊风的证候，适宜用生胃气的药物，配合截风定搐的药物，不可过于燥烈。如果出现四肢厥冷，吐泻加重伴咳嗽，面色晦暗嘴唇惨白，胃痛发出鸦叫声，口中生白疮，头发直立摇头，喘急痰鸣，口眼手足一侧牵引的，难以治愈。慢脾风十救一二，只应当生胃回阳。如果太冲脉存在，则取百会穴多灸之。如果身体冰冷粘汗，直卧如尸体，喘嗽头软，大小便失禁，虚痰上攻，呼吸气粗，脉来浮数，这叫做阴盛强阳。错认阳气已恢复，直接用峻猛药物下痰，痰随气下行，人会因医生误治而死，这是过错。这是灯将灭时的证候，虽然不吃药也没有生机了。又有喉中痰涎声如拉锯，一两天间闭目不开，这是虚痰，保养其气，仓促之下痰，也不能保证安全，苏合香丸、白丸子之类的姑且给予。（男子、妇人有此证，也应当坚守这两类药物。以上惊风本证各见后文。）病发痫天钓，也是风的一种类型。全身僵硬仆倒，有汗不恶寒，手足冷，口噤，称为柔痓。无汗恶寒，身体反张，咬齿，称为刚痓。得到这种病不容易施治。各种痫证有八种：马痫张口摇头，发出马叫声并身体反折；羊痫喜欢扬头吐舌；犬痫手屈曲，两脚拳挛；鸡痫摇头反折；（都属于阳证）。猪痫口吐涎沫，振目视人；牛痫目视腹胀；乌痫唇口撮聚，手足都摇动；蛇痫身体软头举，吐舌视人。（都属于阴证）。治疗方法，必须辨别其冷热，顺气平血，豁痰除风。如果出现眼睛不转动，口噤无声，唇面青黑，肚子胀不乳食，身热下血，厥逆吐利，出汗壮热不止，身体软不睡觉，眼生白障，都是不治的征候。天钓者，壮热翻眼，手足抽搐掣动，像鱼被钓起一样，都是由乳母过热毒，迅速哺乳婴儿，兼挟风邪所致。只应当解利风热，则应手而愈。惊风各种证候，有不可治疗的。总括来说，项筋无力，鱼口气粗，啮齿咬人，泻下如瘀血，手足搐搦不停，眼睛似开非开，身体软口噤，不进食，木舌干涩，身体反张脊背强直，囟门凹陷不动，啼哭不出声，冷汗如雨；慢脾风灸后不醒，视物眼球不转，眼上有赤脉。即使是卢医、扁鹊再生，也无能为力。至于疳候，儿童二十岁以下为疳，二十岁以上为痨。痨与疳都是气血虚惫，脏腑受伤，所以有肝心脾肺肾五疳；外有蛔疳、脊疳、脑疳、干疳、疳渴、疳泻、疳痢、肿胀、疳劳、无辜疳、丁奚、哺露，治疗各有方剂。这些病多因乳哺失常，肠胃停滞，或者妄服吐下药，津液内竭而得病。所以其证候表现为头皮光急，毛发焦稀，腮缩鼻干，口淡唇白，两眼昏烂，揉鼻皱眉，脊耸体黄，斗甲切牙，焦竭自汗，小便白泻酸臭，肚子胀肠鸣，癖结潮热。或者身上多疮疥，酷嗜瓜果咸酸炭米泥土，多饮水的，都是其证候。只有肾疳害人最速，因为肾虚受邪热，疳气奔向上焦，所以以走马为比喻。初起口臭，次第牙齿变黑，严重时牙龈腐烂，热血迸出，甚至牙齿脱落，应当紧急治疗，纵然得以全活，牙齿也不再生长。其余各种疳证，如果饮水不停，滑泄不休，舌上黯黑，目睛青筋，眼角黑气，小便如乳汁，牙黑骨枯，脱肛，咳逆气促，身上生出粟粒状黑斑，唇白腹高，人中平满，抱着手脚，垂软无力，贴着脚心，完全不知疼痛，身体变冷，这叫五绝，怎么会有痊愈呢？积滞者面目浮黄，肚子紧胀痛，趴着睡多困倦，酷啼不食，或者大肠秘涩，小便如油，或者便利无禁，粪白酸秽，这些都是其证候。如果出现面黑泻黑，肚子胀，泄下不止，气粗，手心有疮，瘦弱柔软，也不能治疗。热之为病，有实有虚。实证两脸深红，唇口红紫，燥渴焦烦，大小便困难，啼叫无时，时常发作极热。虚证面色青白恍惚，微潮，口中清冷，泄泻，虚汗，或者乍冷乍温，上壅下利，水谷不分，这是冷热不调。外有十种证候：热者潮热如疟疾；风热不减乳食；积热多呕吐；伤寒手脚冷；耳、鼻、脚梢、手指尖冷，这是麻疹的证候；唇汗口珠，这是变蒸的征候；多泻多渴，是疳的热证；面青脉大，是惊热的征候；脾痛啼声不息；瘅毒嘹然，目闭，面如丹砂。胎中全不受热，各种吐乳食不化，面色黑，随食随吐，通身冷则为不治。各种泻日久，不宜用紧涩的药物突然止住，先须调气和中。如果洞泻不止，乳食不进，就没有痊愈的日期。汗多舌出，唇红眼闭，摇头气粗，两肋动，口生血疮，由吐泻得之，名叫胃烂，夭亡转眼之间。至于八痢，则有鱼口，噤口，五色，脱肛，脏毒，脾毒，冷积，疳痢，无非大便下脓血，里急外重，脐腹急痛，日夜无度。治疗应当如何？必须探究病因，先用去积、宽肠、通气的药剂，接着为之断下，很少有不能痊愈的。如果出现所下如鱼肠血水，壮热，烦渴，不食，自汗，小便不利，不知道是否有痊愈。疮疹一种证候，是表虚里实，其根在脏腑，患病重。麻疹表实里虚，其根在皮肤，患病轻，不治疗也能自愈。至于痘疹，多因时令不正，气候传染，加上外感风寒，内积邪热而得，大体与伤寒相似。发热烦躁，脸赤唇红，身痛头疼，耳、鼻、脚梢、手中指俱冷，喷嚏呵欠，喘漱痰涎，或者乍寒乍热，疑似之间，应当看其耳后有红脉赤缕，以及见到心胸间细点如粟米突起为真。首尾不可汗下，宜用温凉药剂，解毒和中安表。大要如同烧火做饭一样，务必得松透。如果出现热极生风，或者发惊搐，只应当清心散风，切不可投用冷惊药及灼艾，因为艾灸则火助热炽，投冷惊药则毒瓦斯内伏，反而成为大害。仍然忌讳各种臭秽，煎炒油烟，父母行房梳头等触犯。未发而触犯，则毒瓦斯入心，闷乱而死。已发而触犯，则疮痛如割，以致黑烂，切宜禁戒。仍然烧带诸香，以及打醋炭，喷胡荽酒于遍房，以辟秽浊之气。却不可以田舍儿不忌无恙作为常法。患此病的人大多不服药，哪里知道未发、已发则应当解散，正发则应当活气血。如果依据此法，不仅出疏畅，也容易干敛，仍然免除后惫。如果不依据此法，则邪盛疮密，收束也费力。余毒为患，致生痈疽疥痨，赤眼咽喉口疮的疾病。至于善恶之证，还应当仔细辨认。如善证，则乳食如常，大便或一日一次，或两日一次通畅的，只须用平和，不冷不热的药物，自然保全十分平安。如恶证，则春夏属阳为顺，秋冬为逆。冬月寒冷，肾水得时，多归于肾。或者先如疟疾，后发渴，其疮色如黯血，这是肾证，不治。春脓为金克木，夏黑陷为水克火，秋斑子为火克金，冬疹子为土克水，都是逆证。鼻有黑气，或者舌黑，疮已出而谵语燥渴，小便涩，泄泻，不入食；疮成饼搭，黯惨不发，其声焦哑，两眼闭而黑睛露，面肿鼻陷，目闭，频啮齿，头面肿大；疮尽抓破，或者臭不可近，或者脚冷至膝；疮小黑而焦，风攻颐颔，唇项肿硬，胸高而突。以上症状，均不可治疗。除此之外，至于风寒暑湿的感受，与大人无异治之法，只是剂量稍少罢了。杂症则随方备治。唉，做医生的道理，大方脉为难，活幼科尤其难。因为其脏腑脆嫩，皮骨软弱，血气未盛，经络如丝，脉息如毫毛，易虚易实，易冷易热。加之口不能言，手不能指，疾痛之莫知，如果不观察形态、察看面色、听声音、切脉象，探究其病源，详辨其阴阳表里虚实，而能治疗的，大概也很少了。如果妄投药饵，即生他证，可不戒慎！
It is said that trees have roots, and water has a source. When the root is vigorous, branches and leaves flourish; when the source is deep, the flow must be long. Children are born and grow from the primordial Qi (vital energy) inherited from their parents. When primordial Qi is abundant, muscles and skin are full, and conditions such as convulsion (spasms), malnutrition (Gan syndrome), accumulation (food stagnation), and heat cannot arise. Even if affected by wind, cold, summer-heat, or dampness, they recover quickly after slight illness. If primordial Qi is deficient, the constitution is weak, various syndromes easily arise, mild ailments can be treated with medicine, but severe ones are rarely curable. Therefore, after examination, if a child cannot speak, cannot walk, holds fists tightly without extending them, or does not grow hair, these cases are still treatable. Severe cases include umbilical tetanus (umbilical wind with mouth contraction), intestinal torsion, locked abdomen, double tongue with loss of voice, scorched tongue, and whole-body cyanosis/blackening. Such symptoms require urgent treatment, otherwise almost none will survive. For other diverse diseases, the method of treatment should involve observing form, inspecting complexion, listening to sounds, and palpating the pulse. Observing form begins with the eyes: if both eyes lack luster, the black pupils do not move, and eyelashes lack sharpness, resembling fish eyes, cat eyes, or rat-like vision, this indicates pathogenic shock entering the Liver. Red face and red eyes with nocturnal fright crying indicate shock entering the Heart. Cyanotic face, aversion to crying, biting milk, and grinding teeth indicate shock entering the Kidney. Pale white face, panting, and shortness of breath indicate shock entering the Lung. Yellow face, vomiting, anorexia, profuse spontaneous sweating, and excessive sleepiness indicate shock entering the Spleen. Treatment should follow each manifestation. Regarding listening to sound, fright cries during sleep that are floating/light are easy to treat; those that are deep and dull are difficult to cure; those sounding like a crow struck by an arrow are incurable. Regarding pulse palpation, deficiency presents as fine and slow, while excess presents as large and rapid. Next, examine the fingerprint: distinguish left for males and right for females. From the tiger's mouth inward, the first segment is the Wind Gate, the second is the Qi Gate, and the third is the Life Gate. At the Wind Gate, a red line indicates fright from birds or humans; a faint red line indicates fire fright; black indicates water fright combined with trauma; green indicates thunder fright from four-legged animals; hidden green lines slightly curved indicate acute wind; curved lines indicate food stagnation. At the Qi Gate, purple lines indicate fright-Gan; green lines indicate Gan transmitting to the Liver meridian; white indicates Gan transmitting to the Lung meridian; yellow indicates transmission to the Spleen meridian; black indicates difficulty in stabilization. At the Life Gate, if green-black lines appear across all three gates and slant toward the nail bed, it is incurable. Regarding the four syndromes of fright, Gan, accumulation, and heat: Fright manifests as vacuity, timidity, palpitations, qi deficiency, scattered spirit, and moving phlegm-saliva; diarrhea is necessarily green; accumulation gradually generates wind, presenting with cold, heat, deficiency, and excess patterns. Cold requires drying methods, deficiency requires warming, excess requires purging, and heat requires cooling; this is flexible treatment. For acute fright convulsions, open the passages and cut off wind, settle spasms and remove phlegm. If heat persists, purge downwards. After one purgation, immediately harmonize the Stomach and calm the Heart; do not overuse cold-cooling formulas. If there is oral bleeding, jumping feet, abdominal twitching, groping at clothes, coma, shortness of breath, inability to swallow medicine, failure to induce sneezing via nasal stimulation, heart pain, or sudden loud screaming, it is difficult to cure. For chronic fright convulsions, use herbs to generate Stomach Qi, combined with wind-cutting and spasm-settling agents; avoid being too drying. If limbs are cold, vomiting and diarrhea worsen with cough, complexion is dark and lips pale, stomach pain produces crow-like sounds, white sores appear in the mouth, hair stands erect with head shaking, panting with rattling phlegm, or deviation of mouth, eyes, hands, and feet on one side, it is difficult to cure. Chronic spleen fright saves one or two out of ten; focus on generating Stomach Qi and restoring Yang. If the Taichong pulse is present, moxa heavily at Baihui (GV20). If the body is cold with sticky sweat, lying straight like a corpse, panting/coughing with soft head, incontinence of urine and stool, ascending vacuous phlegm, coarse breathing, and floating-rapid pulse, this is Yin excess overpowering Yang. Mistaking this for restored Yang and using harsh phlegm-purging drugs causes phlegm to descend with Qi, leading to death due to medical error. This is a condition akin to a lamp about to go out; even without medication, there is no hope. If there is sawing-like phlegm sound in the throat, eyes closed for one to two days, this is vacuous phlegm; nourish Qi, but hasty phlegm removal is unsafe; Suhe Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) or Bai Wan Zi (White Pills) may be given temporarily. (Men and women with this condition should also adhere to these two formulas. See later sections for original fright convulsion syndromes.) Epilepsy and Tian Diao (heavenly hook) are types of wind. General stiffness and falling with sweating but no aversion to cold, cold limbs, locked jaw, is called Soft Rigidity. No sweating, aversion to cold, opisthotonos, and teeth grinding is called Hard Rigidity. These are difficult to treat. There are eight types of epilepsy: Horse epilepsy involves opening mouth, shaking head, horse neighing, and body arching; Sheep epilepsy involves raising head and sticking out tongue; Dog epilepsy involves flexed hands and curled feet; Chicken epilepsy involves shaking head and body arching; (all belong to Yang). Pig epilepsy involves foaming at the mouth and staring with vibrating eyes; Ox epilepsy involves staring and abdominal distension; Crow epilepsy involves puckered lips/mouth and shaking limbs; Snake epilepsy involves soft body, raised head, sticking out tongue, and staring; (all belong to Yin). Treatment requires distinguishing cold/heat, smoothing Qi, regulating blood, resolving phlegm, and dispelling wind. Signs of incurability include immobile eyes, locked jaw, cyanotic/black lips and face, abdominal distension with refusal to nurse, fever with bloody stools, reversal with vomiting/diarrhea, unceasing high fever with sweating, limpness with insomnia, and white opacity in eyes. Tian Diao involves high fever, everted eyes, and limb spasms resembling a hooked fish, caused by the lactating mother having excessive heat-toxin, nursing promptly, and contracting wind-pathogens. Resolve wind-heat, and recovery will be swift. Some fright convulsion syndromes are incurable. Generally, powerless neck tendons, coarse fish-like breath, teeth grinding/biting, bloody stool, continuous limb spasms, half-open eyes, limpness with locked jaw, anorexia, wooden tongue with dryness, opisthotonos, fixed sunken fontanelle, silent crying, and profuse cold sweat are signs of poor prognosis. Chronic spleen fright unresponsive to moxibustion, fixed gaze, and red vessels in eyes are also incurable. Even if Lu Dan and Bian Que were reborn, they could do nothing. Regarding Gan syndrome: children under twenty are diagnosed with Gan; over twenty with Lao (consumption). Both involve Qi and blood exhaustion and organ damage. There are five Gan syndromes corresponding to Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney; externally, there are Roundworm Gan, Spinal Gan, Brain Gan, Dry Gan, Gan Thirst, Gan Diarrhea, Gan Dysentery, Swelling, Gan Consumption, Innocent Gan, Ding Xi, and Bu Lu, each with specific formulas. Etiology often involves improper feeding, gastrointestinal stagnation, or abuse of emetic/purgative drugs leading to fluid depletion. Symptoms include tight shiny scalp, sparse scorched hair, retracted cheeks, dry nose, pale mouth/lips, dim/rotten eyes, nose rubbing/frowning, protruding spine, yellowish body, fighting nails/grinding teeth, scorched exhaustion with spontaneous sweating, white sour diarrhea, abdominal distension with borborygmus, masses with tidal fever. Skin sores, craving fruits/sour foods/charcoal/rice/clay, and polydipsia are also signs. Kidney Gan is most lethal because Kidney deficiency allows pathogenic heat to rush to the Upper Jiao, likened to a running horse. Initial halitosis progresses to black teeth, then rotting gums with bleeding, eventually tooth loss; urgent treatment is needed, though teeth may not regrow even if life is saved. Other Gan syndromes with incessant drinking, unceasing slippery diarrhea, black tongue, blue veins in eyes, black aura at eye corners, milky urine, black teeth, withered bones, rectal prolapse, cough with shortness of breath, millet-like black spots on body, white lips with high abdomen, flat philtrum, holding limbs loosely, soles touching ground without pain sensation, and cold body constitute the "Five Extremities," which are incurable. Accumulation presents with sallow puffy face, tight painful abdomen, prone sleeping with drowsiness, intense crying/anorexia, constipation, oily urine, or uncontrolled loose stools with white sour feces. Black face/stool, abdominal distension, unceasing diarrhea, coarse breath, hand palm sores, and weakness are incurable. Heat disease has excess and deficiency types. Excess: deep red cheeks, red-purple lips, dry thirst, irritability, difficult urination/defecation, constant crying, paroxysmal high fever. Deficiency: pale-green vague complexion, slight fever, cold mouth, diarrhea, spontaneous sweating, alternating cold/warmth, upper congestion with lower diarrhea, indistinguishable food/fluid, indicating cold-heat imbalance. Ten external signs: Tidal fever like malaria; wind-heat with unchanged diet; accumulation-heat with frequent vomiting; cold injury with cold limbs; cold ears/nose/toes/fingertips indicates measles; lip sweat and pearl-like drool indicates physiological transformation (Bian Zheng); frequent diarrhea/thirst indicates Gan-heat; cyanotic face with large pulse indicates fright-heat; spleen pain with ceaseless crying; toxic heat with closed eyes and ruddy face. Congenital heat absence with vomiting undigested milk, black face, immediate postprandial vomiting, and whole-body coldness is incurable. Chronic diarrhea should not be abruptly stopped with astringents; first regulate Qi and harmonize middle. Unceasing watery diarrhea with anorexia has no cure. Profuse sweating with tongue protrusion, red lips, closed eyes, head shaking, coarse breath, rib movement, oral blood sores resulting from vomiting/diarrhea is named "Stomach Rot," leading to sudden death. Eight types of dysentery include Fish Mouth, Locked Mouth, Five Colors, Rectal Prolapse, Visceral Toxin, Spleen Toxin, Cold Accumulation, and Gan Dysentery, all featuring pus/blood in stool, tenesmus, heavy sensation outside, urgent abdominal pain, day and night frequency. Treatment requires investigating cause, using formulas to remove accumulation, widen intestines, and promote Qi circulation, followed by stopping diarrhea; most recover. Downward discharge like fish intestine blood/water, high fever, irritability/thirst, anorexia, spontaneous sweating, and oliguria indicate poor prognosis. Rash syndromes are exterior deficiency and interior excess, rooted in organs, serious. Measles are exterior excess and interior deficiency, rooted in skin, mild, self-limiting. Smallpox results from irregular seasons, climate contagion, external wind-cold, and internal heat accumulation, similar to Cold Damage. Fever, irritability, red face/lips, body/head pain, cold ears/nose/toes/middle finger, sneezing/yawning, panting/phlegm, alternating chills/fever. Suspect true eruption by checking for red veins behind ears and millet-like papules on chest/heart. Do not use diaphoresis or purgation at start/end; use warm-cooling formulas to resolve toxin, harmonize middle, and stabilize exterior. Analogy: cooking like building a stove, ensure looseness. If extreme heat generates wind or fright spasms, clear Heart and disperse wind; never use cold-fright drugs or moxibustion, as moxa adds fire to heat, and cold drugs trap toxins internally. Avoid foul odors, frying smoke, sexual activity, and combing hair. Contact before eruption sends toxin to Heart causing death; contact after eruption causes cutting pain, blackening, and rotting. Burn incense, heat vinegar charcoal, spray coriander wine to purify air. Do not assume rural children's immunity is the norm. Patients often refuse medicine, failing to realize pre/post-eruption requires dispersal, and active eruption requires activating Qi/blood. Following this ensures smooth eruption and drying, avoiding sequelae. Ignoring this leads to dense eruptions and difficult resolution. Residual toxins cause abscesses, scabies, consumption, red eyes, sore throat, and oral ulcers. Good and bad prognoses must be carefully distinguished. Good prognosis: normal feeding, regular bowel movements (once daily or every two days); use neutral, non-hot/non-cold herbs for safety. Bad prognosis: Spring/Summer (Yang) is favorable, Autumn/Winter is unfavorable. Winter cold favors Kidney Water; if preceded by malaria-like symptoms then thirst, with dark blood-colored lesions, it is a Kidney syndrome, incurable. Spring pus indicates Metal overcoming Wood; Summer black depression indicates Water overcoming Fire; Autumn macules indicate Fire overcoming Metal; Winter rash indicates Earth overcoming Water; all are unfavorable. Black aura at nose or black tongue, delirium/thirst after eruption, difficult urination, diarrhea, anorexia; lesions like cakes, dark/unerupted, hoarse voice, closed eyes with exposed black pupils, swollen face/depressed nose, frequent teeth grinding, swollen head/face; scratched lesions, offensive odor, cold legs to knees; small black scorched lesions, wind attacking chin/jaw, swollen hard lips/neck, protruding chest. All above are incurable. External wind-cold-summer-heat-dampness treatments are same as adults, just smaller doses. Miscellaneous diseases treated according to formulas. Alas, adult medicine is difficult; pediatrics is harder. Organs are tender, skin/bone weak, Qi/blood not full, meridians like silk, pulses like hairs, prone to vacuity/excess and cold/heat changes. Plus, inability to speak or point, unawareness of pain. Without observing form, inspecting color, listening to sound, palpating pulse, investigating source, and detailing Yin/Yang, exterior/interior, vacuity/excess, few can cure. Wrongful medication causes other syndromes; beware!