引僧坦问曰。太后患势不轻。诸医并云。无虑。朕人子之情。可以意得。君臣之义。言在无隐。公以为何如。对
曰。臣无听声视色之妙。特以经事已多。准之常人。窃已忧惧。帝泣曰。公既决之矣。知复何言。寻而太后崩。
四年。高祖亲戎东讨。至河阴遇疾。口不能言。睑垂覆目。不得视。一足短缩。又不得行。僧坦以为诸脏俱病。
不可并治。军中之事。莫先于语。乃处方进药。帝遂得言。又治目。目疾便愈。未及治足。疾亦瘳。比至华州。
帝已痊复。是岁高祖幸云阳。遂寝疾。乃招僧坦赴行在所。内史柳昴私问曰。至尊贬膳日久。脉候如何。对曰。
天子上应天心。或当非愚所及。若凡庶若此。万无一全。寻而帝崩。宣帝初在东宫。尝苦心痛。乃命僧坦治之。
其疾即愈。及即位。恩礼弥隆。大象二年。除太医下大夫。帝寻有疾。僧坦宿直侍疾。帝谓隋公曰。今日性命。
唯委此人。僧坦诊候。知帝危殆。乃对曰。臣荷恩即重。恩在效力。但恐庸短不逮。敢不尽心。帝颔之。及静帝
嗣位。迁上开府仪同大将军。隋开皇初卒。僧坦撰集验方十二卷。行纪三卷。行于世。（太平御览）
〔姚大夫单方〕艺文略一卷（本朝现下书目。有杂药方一卷。姚大夫撰。）佚
〔亡名氏集验方〕隋志十二卷 佚
〔名医集验方〕隋志六卷（旧唐志。作三卷。）佚
〔谢氏（士泰）删繁方〕（唐志。作谢士太。）隋志十三卷 佚
〔吴氏（阙名）山居方〕隋志三卷 佚
〔亡名氏新撰药方〕隋志五卷（本朝现下书目 作一卷。）佚
〔释氏（莫满）单复要验〕隋志二卷 佚
〔释氏（道洪）方〕隋志一卷 佚
〔亡名氏杂疗方〕隋志十三卷 佚
〔杂药酒方〕隋志十五卷 佚
〔赵婆疗漯方〕隋志一卷 佚
〔亡名氏疗百病散〕隋志三卷 佚
〔大略丸〕隋志五卷 佚
〔灵寿杂方〕隋志二卷 佚
〔宋氏（侠）经心录〕（宋志。作治风经录。不着撰人名氏。）隋志八卷（本朝现下书目。作六卷。旧唐书
本传。作十卷。宋志。作五卷。）佚
旧唐书本传白。宋侠者。□州清漳人。北齐东平王文学孝王之子也。亦以医术著名。官至朝散大夫。药藏监。
撰经心录十卷。行于世。
〔龙树菩萨药方〕隋志四卷 佚
〔西域诸仙所说药方〕隋志二十三卷目一卷本二十五卷 佚
〔香山仙人药方〕隋志十卷 佚
〔西域波罗仙人方〕隋志四卷 佚
〔西域名医所集要方〕隋志四卷 佚
〔婆罗门诸仙药方〕隋志二十卷 佚
〔婆罗门药方〕隋志五卷 佚
〔耆婆所述仙人命论方〕隋志二卷目一卷本三卷 佚
〔干陀利治鬼方〕隋志十卷 佚
〔新录干陀利治鬼方〕隋志四卷本五卷阙 佚
〔隋炀帝敕撰四海类聚单要方〕（隋志。无隋炀帝敕撰字。今据唐志录之。）隋志三百卷（唐志。作十六卷。）
佚
〔四海类聚方〕隋志二千六百卷 佚
〔许氏（澄）备急单要方〕隋志三卷（本朝现下书目。作新录单要方五卷。魏孝澄撰。）佚
隋书许智藏传曰。宗人许澄。亦以医术显。父 。仕梁。太常丞中军长史。随柳仲礼入长安。与姚僧坦齐名。
拜上仪同三司。澄有学识。传父业。尤尽其妙。历尚药典御。谏议大夫。封贺川县伯。父子俱以艺术。名重于周
隋二代。
〔吴氏（景贤）诸病源候论〕（唐志无贤字）隋志五卷目一卷（唐志作五十卷）佚
〔巢氏（元方）诸病源候论〕新唐志五十卷 存
宋绶序曰。臣闻人之生也。陶六气之和。而过则为 。医之作也。求百病之本。而善则能全。若乃分三部九
候之殊。别五声五色之变。揆盈虚于表里。审躁静于性韵。达其消息。谨其攻疗。兹所以辅含灵之命。裨有邦之
治也。国家丕冒万宇。交修庶职。执技服于官守。宽疾存乎政典。皇上秉灵图而迪成宪。奉母仪而隆至化。明烛
幽隐。惠绥动植。悯斯民之 苦。伫嘉医之极济。且念幅员之辽邈。闾巷之穷 。肄业之士。罕尽精良。传方之
家。颇承疑舛。四种之书或阙。七年之习未周。以彼粗工。肆其亿度。大害生理。可不哀哉。是形惨怛。或怀重
慎。以为昔之上手。效应参神。前五日而逆知。经三折而取信。得非究源之微妙。用意之详密乎。盖诊候之教。
肇自轩祖。中古已降。论著弥繁。思索
其精。博利于众。乃下明诏。畴咨旧闻。上稽圣经。旁摭奇道。发延阁之秘蕴。敕中尚而雠对。诸病源候论者。
隋大业中大医巢元方等奉诏所作也。会粹群说。沉研精理。形脉之证。罔不该集。明居处爱欲风湿之所感。示针
桥引汤熨之所宜。诚术艺之楷模。而诊察之津涉。监署课试。固常用此。乃命与难经素问。图镂方版。传布海
内。洪惟祖宗之训。务惟存育之惠。补农经之阙漏。班禁方于遐迩。逮令搜采。益穷元本。方论之要殚矣。师药
之功备矣。将使后学优而柔之。视色毫而靡愆。应心手而胥验。大哉。味百草而救枉者。古皇之盛德。忧一夫之
失所者。二帝之用心。弭兹札瘥。跻之仁寿。上圣爱人之旨。不其笃欤。翰林医官副使赵拱等。参校既终。缮录
以献。爰俾近着。为之题辞。顾惟空疏。莫探秘颐。徒以述善诱之深意。用劝方来。扬勤衄之至仁。式昭大庇云
尔。谨序。
赵希弁曰巢氏病源候论五十卷。上隋巢元方等撰。元方大业中被命。与诸医共论众病所起之源。皇朝昭陵时。
诏校本刻牍颁行。宋绶为序。
陈振孙曰。巢氏病源论五十卷。隋太医博士巢元方等撰。大业六年也。惟论病证。不载方药。今按千金方诸
论。多本此书。业医者。可以参校。
王应麟曰。天圣四年十月十二日乙酉。命集贤校理晁宗悫王举正。校定黄帝内经素问。难经。巢氏元方病源
候论。五年四月乙未。令国子监摹印颁行。诏学士宋绶。撰病源序。
吕复曰。病源论五十卷。乃隋大业中太医博士巢元方等奉敕撰集。原诸病候。而附以养生导引诸法。裒成一
家之
书。醇 相混。盖可见矣。宋之监暑。乃用为课试。元复循袭。列医门之七经。然附会杂揉。非复当时之旧。具
眼者当自见之。吴景贤亦作病源一书。近代不传。
郎瑛曰。巢氏病源一书。论证论理。可谓意到而辞畅者矣。予尝惜其常时元方不附方药。使再具之。体用俱
全。是书真不可及也。（七修类稿）
王 曰。巢元方着病源候论。王冰撰天元玉册。要皆有所祖述。然元方言风寒二气。而不着湿热之说。冰推
五运六气之变。而患在滞而不通。此其失也。（青岩丛说）
朱彝尊跋曰。上诸病源候论五十卷。隋太医博士巢元方奉敕。与诸医共论 疾所起之源。及九候之要。太业
六年书成。进于朝。论凡一千七百二十篇。言之详矣。隋唐经籍志。不着于录。而宋志有之。盖太平兴国中。命
王怀隐王 陈昭遇等。进圣惠方。每部取元方之论冠其首。神宗以之。课试医士。是编始大显于时。书录解题。
谓千金方诸论。多本此书。考宋制医。以巢氏论。与千金翼。同目为小经。而千金方不与。然则今所传孙真人书。
殆未足深信矣。（曝书亭集）
四库全书提要曰。巢氏诸病源候论五十卷。隋大业中。太医博士巢元方等奉诏撰。考隋书经籍志。有诸病源
候论五卷。目一卷。吴景贤撰。旧唐书经籍志。有诸病源候论五十卷。吴景撰。皆不言巢氏书。宋史艺文志。有
巢元方巢氏诸病源候论五十卷。又无吴氏书。惟新唐书艺文志。二书并载。书名卷数并同。不应如是之相复。疑
当时本属官书。元方与景一为监修。一为编撰。故或题景名。或题元方名。实止一书。新唐书。偶然重出。观晁
公武读书志。称隋巢元方
等撰。足证旧本所列。不止一名。然则隋志吴景作吴景贤。贤或监字之误。其作五卷。亦当脱一十字。如止五卷。
不应目录有一卷矣。此本为明汪济川方矿所校。前有宋绶奉敕撰序。考玉海载天圣四年。十月十二日乙酉。命集
贤校理晁宗悫王举正。校定黄帝内经素问。难经。巢氏病源候论。五年四月乙未。令国子监模印颁行。诏学士宋
绶撰病源序。是其事也。书凡六十七门。一千七百二十论。陈振孙书录解题。称王焘外台秘要诸论。多本此书。
今勘之信然。又第六卷。解散诸候。为服寒食散者而作。惟六朝人有此证。第二十六卷。猫鬼病候。见于北史及
太平广记者。亦惟周齐时有之。皆非唐以后语。其为旧本无疑。其书但论病证。不载方药。盖犹素问难经之例。
惟诸证之末。多附导引法。亦不言法出谁氏。考隋志。有导引图三卷。注曰。立一。坐一。卧一。或即以其说编
入欤。读书志。称宋朝旧制。用此书课试医士。而太平兴国中。集圣惠方。每门之首。亦必冠以此书。盖其时去
古未远。汉以来经方脉论。存者尚多。又裒集众长。共相讨论。故其言深密精邃。非后人之所能及。内经以下。
自张机王叔和葛洪数家书外。此为最古。究其旨要。亦可云证治之津梁矣。王伟青岩丛说。尝议其唯知风寒二气。
而不着湿热之说。以为疏漏。然病机万变。前人所未及言。经后人阐明者甚多。不可以一节病是书也。
按友人山本恭庭（允）作诸病源候论疏证五十卷。解题一篇。详确可喜。盖其言曰。今本谬误。固已甚矣。
且外台秘要引。有伤寒十日至十二日候。伤寒毒攻眼候。（今本有与此题目相同。其文即异）。重下候。圣惠方。
引有食痫候。医心方引有小儿鬼舐头候。考之今本。并无所见。瘿瘤门有多忘候。嗜眠候。鼾眠候。体臭候。狐
臭候。漏
掖候。并与题目不相涉。知是他篇错文。则其所脱佚。亦不止五候也。三因方曰。巢氏病源。具列一千八百余件。
盖为示病名也。是陈言所见。应天圣官刊。其所谓即本书原数。而今本唯有一千七百二十六论。其为残阙亦明矣。
且张从正儒门事亲。引是书卷三十七带下候文曰。巢氏内篇四十四卷云云。此知原有内外之篇目。其卷第亦不同
也。不知今本何以差错至此云。
再按吴景贤名。见于隋书麦铁杖传。则提要有吴景监撰之说者。实系臆测。然以是书为巢吴同编。理似当然。
姑据新唐志。并载二家之书。以俟后考。
〔甄氏（立言）古今录验方〕（原作甄权。今据唐书立言传。及本朝现下书目。）旧唐志五十卷 佚
（引用）僧坦问曰：“太后病情不轻，众医都说不要紧。作为人子的情理，我可以意会；但君臣之义，言语不应隐瞒。您认为如何？”僧坦回答说：“我没有听声观色的神妙技艺，只是因经历之事较多，参照常人情况，私下里已感到忧虑恐惧。”皇帝哭泣道：“您既然已经决断，我还有什么可说的呢？”不久太后去世。
开皇四年，高祖亲自率军东征，到达河阴时患病，口不能言，眼睑下垂遮住眼睛，无法视物，一条腿短缩，也不能行走。僧坦认为五脏都生病了，不能同时治疗。军中事务，没有比能说话更紧急的了，于是开方进药，皇帝随即能够说话。接着治疗眼疾，眼病很快痊愈。还没来得及治腿疾，腿疾也好了。等到抵达华州时，皇帝已经完全康复。
这一年，高祖驾临云阳，于是卧病不起，便召请僧坦前往行宫。内史柳昴私下问道：“皇上减少饮食已久，脉象如何？”僧坦回答说：“天子顺应天心，或许不是我所及的。如果是普通人像这样，万无一全。”不久皇帝去世。
宣帝初在东宫时，曾患心痛，便命僧坦治疗，病随即痊愈。等到即位后，恩宠礼节更加隆重。大象二年，任命为太医下大夫。皇帝不久又有疾病，僧坦值夜班侍奉病情。皇帝对隋公说：“今天的性命，只托付给这个人。”僧坦诊察脉候，知道皇帝危殆，便回答说：“我蒙受恩惠深重，恩在效力，只是恐怕平庸短浅不及预期，怎敢不尽心竭力。”皇帝点头同意。等到静帝继位，升迁为上开府仪同大将军。隋朝开皇初年去世。僧坦撰写《集验方》十二卷、《行纪》三卷，流传于世。（出自《太平御览》）
〔姚大夫单方〕一卷（本朝现下书目中有杂药方一卷，由姚大夫撰写。）已佚。
〔亡名氏集验方〕十二卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔名医集验方〕六卷（旧唐志作三卷）。已佚。
〔谢氏（士泰）删繁方〕十三卷（唐志作谢士太）。已佚。
〔吴氏（阙名）山居方〕三卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔亡名氏新撰药方〕五卷（本朝现下书目作一卷）。已佚。
〔释氏（莫满）单复要验〕二卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔释氏（道洪）方〕一卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔亡名氏杂疗方〕十三卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔杂药酒方〕十五卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔赵婆疗漯方〕一卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔亡名氏疗百病散〕三卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔大略丸〕五卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔灵寿杂方〕二卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔宋氏（侠）经心录〕八卷（宋志作治风经录，不着撰人名氏。本朝现下书目作六卷。旧唐书本传作十卷。宋志作五卷）。已佚。
据《旧唐书》本传记载：宋侠是□州清漳人，北齐东平王文学孝王的儿子。也以医术著名，官至朝散大夫、药藏监。撰写《经心录》十卷，流传于世。
〔龙树菩萨药方〕四卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔西域诸仙所说药方〕二十三卷，目一卷，本二十五卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔香山仙人药方〕十卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔西域波罗仙人方〕四卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔西域名医所集要方〕四卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔婆罗门诸仙药方〕二十卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔婆罗门药方〕五卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔耆婆所述仙人命论方〕二卷，目一卷，本三卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔干陀利治鬼方〕十卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔新录干陀利治鬼方〕四卷，本五卷阙（见隋志）。已佚。
〔隋炀帝敕撰四海类聚单要方〕三百卷（隋志无“隋炀帝敕撰”字，今据唐志录之。唐志作十六卷）。已佚。
〔四海类聚方〕二千六百卷（见隋志）。已佚。
〔许氏（澄）备急单要方〕三卷（本朝现下书目作新录单要方五卷，魏孝澄撰）。已佚。
据《隋书》许智藏传记载：同宗许澄，也以医术显赫。父亲许，仕于梁朝，任太常丞、中军长史。随柳仲礼进入长安，与姚僧坦齐名，拜上仪同三司。许澄有学识，传承父业，尤其精通其妙处。历任尚药典御、谏议大夫，封贺川县伯。父子都以医术闻名，重于周、隋两代。
〔吴氏（景贤）诸病源候论〕五卷，目一卷（唐志无“贤”字，唐志作五十卷）。已佚。
〔巢氏（元方）诸病源候论〕五十卷（新唐志）。现存。
宋绶序曰：臣听说人生育之时，调和六气，过度则致病。医生治病，探求百病之本，善于调理则能保全生命。至于区分三部九候的不同，辨别五声五色的变化，揣度表里的盈虚，审察性情的躁静，通达其消长规律，谨慎攻疗，这就是辅助生灵生命、补益国家治理的方法。国家广覆万物，共同修治各种职事，执技者服从官守，宽待疾病存于政典。皇上秉承灵图而遵循成宪，奉母仪而隆盛教化，明烛幽隐，恩惠遍及动植。怜悯百姓的痛苦，期待良医的极致救济。且念疆域辽阔，街巷穷困，习业之士，很少尽皆精良；传方之家，颇承疑误。四种之书或有缺失，七年之学未周全。以那些粗工，肆意猜测，大害生理，岂不可哀！因此形貌惨痛，或怀重慎。以为昔日的高手，效应参神，前五日而逆知，经三折而取信，难道不是究源微妙、用意详密吗？大概诊候之教，始于轩辕黄帝，中古以后，论著繁多。思索其精微，博利于众人。于是下达明诏，咨询旧闻，上稽圣经，旁采奇道，发延阁之秘蕴，敕令中尚校对。《诸病源候论》，是隋大业中大医巢元方等人奉诏所作。荟萃群说，沉研精理，形脉之证，无不搜集。阐明居处爱欲风湿之所感，示针桥引汤熨之所宜。诚为术艺楷模，诊察津涉。监署课试，固常用此。于是命令与《难经》《素问》一起，刻版印刷，传布海内外。洪惟祖宗之训，务惟存育之惠。补农经之阙漏，颁禁方于遐迩。逮令搜采，益穷元本。方论之要殚矣，师药之功备矣。将使后学优而柔之，视色毫而靡愆，应心手而胥验。大哉！味百草而救枉者，古皇之盛德；忧一夫之失所者，二帝之用心。弭兹札瘥，跻之仁寿，上圣爱人之旨，不其笃欤。翰林医官副使赵拱等，参校既终，缮录以献。爰俾近着，为之题辞。顾惟空疏，莫探秘颐。徒以述善诱之深意，用劝方来。扬勤衄之至仁，式昭大庇云尔。谨序。
赵希弁曰：《巢氏病源候论》五十卷，上隋巢元方等撰。元方大业中被命，与诸医共论众病所起之源。皇朝昭陵时，诏校本刻牍颁行。宋绶为序。
陈振孙曰：《巢氏病源论》五十卷，隋太医博士巢元方等撰。大业六年也。惟论病证，不载方药。今按《千金方》诸论，多本此书。业医者，可以参校。
王应麟曰：天圣四年十月十二日乙酉，命集贤校理晁宗悫、王举正，校定《黄帝内经素问》、《难经》、《巢氏元方病源候论》。五年四月乙未，令国子监摹印颁行。诏学士宋绶，撰《病源序》。
吕复曰：《病源论》五十卷，乃隋大业中太医博士巢元方等奉敕撰集。原诸病候，而附以养生导引诸法，裒成一家之书。醇 相混，盖可见矣。宋之监暑，乃用为课试。元复循袭，列医门之七经。然附会杂揉，非复当时之旧。具眼者当自见之。吴景贤亦作《病源》一书，近代不传。
郎瑛曰：《巢氏病源》一书，论证论理，可谓意到而辞畅者矣。予尝惜其常时元方不附方药，使再具之，体用俱全，是书真不可及也。（出自《七修类稿》）
王 曰：巢元方著《病源候论》，王冰撰《天元玉册》，要皆有所祖述。然元方言风寒二气，而不着湿热之说；冰推五运六气之变，而患在滞而不通。此其失也。（出自《青岩丛说》）
朱彝尊跋曰：上《诸病源候论》五十卷，隋太医博士巢元方奉敕，与诸医共论 疾所起之源，及九候之要。太业六年书成，进于朝。论凡一千七百二十篇，言之详矣。隋唐经籍志，不着于录，而宋志有之。盖太平兴国中，命王怀隐、王 、陈昭遇等，进《圣惠方》，每部取元方之论冠其首。神宗以之，课试医士。是编始大显于时。《书录解题》谓《千金方》诸论，多本此书。考宋制医，以《巢氏论》与《千金翼》同目为小经，而《千金方》不与。然则今所传孙真人书，殆未足深信矣。（出自《曝书亭集》）
四库全书提要曰：《巢氏诸病源候论》五十卷，隋大业中，太医博士巢元方等奉诏撰。考《隋书·经籍志》，有《诸病源候论》五卷，目一卷，吴景贤撰。《旧唐书·经籍志》，有《诸病源候论》五十卷，吴景撰。皆不言巢氏书。《宋史·艺文志》，有《巢元方巢氏诸病源候论》五十卷，又无吴氏书。惟《新唐书·艺文志》，二书并载，书名卷数并同。不应如是之相复。疑当时本属官书，元方与景一为监修，一为编撰，故或题景名，或题元方名，实止一书。《新唐书》偶然重出。观晁公武《读书志》，称“隋巢元方等撰”，足证旧本所列，不止一名。然则隋志吴景作吴景贤，贤或监字之误。其作五卷，亦当脱一十字。如止五卷，不应目录有一卷矣。此本为明汪济川方矿所校，前有宋绶奉敕撰序。考《玉海》载天圣四年十月十二日乙酉，命集贤校理晁宗悫、王举正，校定《黄帝内经素问》、《难经》、《巢氏病源候论》。五年四月乙未，令国子监模印颁行。诏学士宋绶撰《病源序》。是其事也。书凡六十七门，一千七百二十论。陈振孙《书录解题》，称王焘《外台秘要》诸论，多本此书。今勘之信然。又第六卷，《解散诸候》，为服寒食散者而作，惟六朝人有此证。第二十六卷，《猫鬼病候》，见于《北史》及《太平广记》者，亦惟周齐时有之，皆非唐以后语。其为旧本无疑。其书但论病证，不载方药，盖犹《素问》《难经》之例。惟诸证之末，多附导引法，亦不言法出谁氏。考隋志，有《导引图》三卷，注曰：“立一，坐一，卧一。”或即以其说编入欤？《读书志》称宋朝旧制，用此书课试医士，而太平兴国中，集《圣惠方》，每门之首，亦必冠以此书。盖其时去古未远，汉以来经方脉论，存者尚多。又裒集众长，共相讨论，故其言深密精邃，非后人之所能及。《内经》以下，自张机、王叔和、葛洪数家书外，此为最古。究其旨要，亦可云证治之津梁矣。王伟《青岩丛说》，尝议其唯知风寒二气，而不着湿热之说，以为疏漏。然病机万变，前人所未及言，经后人阐明者甚多，不可以一节病是书也。
按友人山本恭庭（允）作《诸病源候论疏证》五十卷，解题一篇，详确可喜。盖其言曰：今本谬误，固已甚矣。且《外台秘要》引，有“伤寒十日至十二日候”、“伤寒毒攻眼候”（今本有与此题目相同，其文即异）、“重下候”。《圣惠方》引，有“食痫候”。《医心方》引，有“小儿鬼舐头候”。考之今本，并无所见。“瘿瘤门”有多忘候、嗜眠候、鼾眠候、体臭候、狐臭候、漏掖候，并与题目不相涉，知是他篇错文，则其所脱佚，亦不止五候也。《三因方》曰：“巢氏病源，具列一千八百余件”，盖为示病名也。是陈言所见，应天圣官刊，其所谓即本书原数，而今本唯有一千七百二十六论，其为残阙亦明矣。且张从正《儒门事亲》，引是书卷三十七带下候文曰：“巢氏内篇四十四卷云云。”此知原有内外之篇目，其卷第亦不同也。不知今本何以差错至此云。
再按吴景贤名，见于《隋书·麦铁杖传》，则提要有吴景监撰之说者，实系臆测。然以是书为巢吴同编，理似当然。姑据《新唐志》，并载二家之书，以俟后考。
〔甄氏（立言）古今录验方〕五十卷（原作甄权，今据唐书立言传，及本朝现下书目）。已佚。
(Citation) Seng Tan asked, "The Empress Dowager's condition is not light. All physicians say there is no cause for worry. As a son, I can infer the feelings; but regarding the righteousness between ruler and minister, words should not be hidden. What do you think?" Seng Tan replied, "I do not possess the miraculous skills of listening to sounds and observing complexions. However, having experienced many matters and referring to normal people, I privately feel worried and fearful." The Emperor wept and said, "Since you have made your decision, what more is there to say?" Soon after, the Empress Dowager passed away.
In the fourth year (of Kaihuang), Gaozu personally led troops eastward. Upon reaching Heyin, he fell ill, unable to speak, with eyelids drooping over his eyes so he could not see, and one leg shortened so he could not walk. Seng Tan believed that all five zang organs were diseased and could not be treated simultaneously. In military affairs, nothing was more urgent than being able to speak. Therefore, he prescribed medicine, which allowed the Emperor to speak again. He then treated the eye disease, which healed quickly. Before he could treat the leg disease, it also recovered. By the time they reached Huazhou, the Emperor had fully recovered.
That year, Gaozu visited Yunyang and subsequently became bedridden. He summoned Seng Tan to his traveling palace. Liu Mao, the Neishi (Director of the Secretariat), privately asked, "Your Majesty has reduced food intake for a long time. How is the pulse?" Seng Tan replied, "The Son of Heaven corresponds to the Heart of Heaven; perhaps this is beyond my understanding. If a commoner were in such a state, there would be no hope for survival." Soon after, the Emperor passed away.
When Emperor Xuan was still in the Eastern Palace, he suffered from heart pain and ordered Seng Tan to treat him. The illness healed immediately. Upon ascending the throne, his favor and etiquette increased even more. In the second year of Daxiang, he was appointed as Taiyi Xia Dafu (Junior Grand Master of Medical Services). Shortly after, the Emperor fell ill again. Seng Tan stayed overnight to attend to him. The Emperor told the Duke of Sui, "My life today is entrusted solely to this person." Seng Tan examined the pulse and knew the Emperor was in critical danger. He replied, "I am heavily indebted to Your Majesty's grace, and my duty is to serve. I only fear my mediocrity and shortcoming may fall short of expectations. How dare I not exert myself with all my heart?" The Emperor nodded in agreement. When Emperor Jing ascended the throne, Seng Tan was promoted to Shang Kaifu Yi Tong Da Jiangjun (Grand General of the Household). He died in the early years of the Kaihuang era of the Sui Dynasty. Seng Tan compiled *Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Effective Prescriptions) in twelve volumes and *Xing Ji* (Records of Travel) in three volumes, which circulated in the world. (From *Taiping Yulan*)
*[Yao Dafu Dan Fang]* (Single Prescriptions of Physician Yao): One volume (Current catalogues of our dynasty list *Za Yao Fang* [Miscellaneous Medicine Prescriptions] in one volume, authored by Yao Dafu.). Extant.
*[Wang Ming Shi Ji Yan Fang]* (Collected Effective Prescriptions by an Anonymous Author): Twelve volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Ming Ji Yan Fang]* (Collected Effective Prescriptions by Famous Physicians): Six volumes (Old Tang Zhi lists three volumes). Extinct.
*[Xie Shi (Shitai) Shan Fan Fang]* (Simplified Prescriptions by the Xie Family (Shitai)): Thirteen volumes (Tang Zhi lists Xie Shitai). Extinct.
*[Wu Shi (Anonymous) Shan Ju Fang]* (Mountain Dwelling Prescriptions by the Wu Family (Anonymous)): Three volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Wang Ming Shi Xin Zhuan Yao Fang]* (Newly Compiled Medicine Prescriptions by an Anonymous Author): Five volumes (Current catalogues of our dynasty list one volume). Extinct.
*[Shi Shi (Mo Man) Dan Fu Yao Yan]* (Essential Verified Single and Compound Prescriptions by Buddhist Monk Mo Man): Two volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Shi Shi (Dao Hong) Fang]* (Prescriptions by Buddhist Monk Dao Hong): One volume (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Wang Ming Shi Za Liao Fang]* (Miscellaneous Treatment Prescriptions by an Anonymous Author): Thirteen volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Za Yao Jiu Fang]* (Miscellaneous Medicinal Wine Prescriptions): Fifteen volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Zhao Po Liao Luo Fang]* (Treatment for Luo Disease by Zhao Po): One volume (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Wang Ming Shi Liao Bai Bing San]* (Powder for Treating Hundred Diseases by an Anonymous Author): Three volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Da Lue Wan]* (General Pill): Five volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Ling Shou Za Fang]* (Miscellaneous Prescriptions of Ling Shou): Two volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Song Shi (Xia) Jing Xin Lu]* (Records of Mindful Attention by the Song Family (Xia)): Eight volumes (Song Zhi lists *Zhi Feng Jing Lu* [Records of Treating Wind] without naming the author. Current catalogues of our dynasty list six volumes. Old Tang Book Biography lists ten volumes. Song Zhi lists five volumes). Extinct.
According to the biography in the *Old Tang Book*: Song Xia was from Qingzhang, [Kuang] Prefecture, and was the son of Xiao Wang, Literary Official to Prince Dongping of Northern Qi. He was also famous for his medical skills, holding the offices of Chaosan Dafu (Grand Master of Court Gentlemen) and Yaocang Jian (Superintendent of Medicine Storage). He wrote *Jing Xin Lu* in ten volumes, which circulated in the world.
*[Longshu Pusa Yao Fang]* (Medicine Prescriptions of Bodhisattva Nagarjuna): Four volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Xi Yu Zhu Xian Suo Shuo Yao Fang]* (Medicine Prescriptions Said by Various Immortals of the Western Regions): Twenty-three volumes, plus one volume of indexes, totaling twenty-five volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Xiangshan Xianren Yao Fang]* (Medicine Prescriptions of the Immortal of Xiangshan Mountain): Ten volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Xi Yu Boluo Xianren Fang]* (Prescriptions of the Immortal Bolo of the Western Regions): Four volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Xi Yu Ming Yi Suo Ji Yao Fang]* (Collected Essential Prescriptions by Famous Physicians of the Western Regions): Four volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Polamen Zhuxian Yao Fang]* (Medicine Prescriptions of Various Immortals of Polaman): Twenty volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Polamen Yao Fang]* (Medicine Prescriptions of Polaman): Five volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Qipo Suoshu Xianren Ming Lun Fang]* (Life Theory Prescriptions of Immortals Narrated by Jivaka): Two volumes, plus one volume of indexes, totaling three volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Ganluoli Zhi Gui Fang]* (Ghost-Treating Prescriptions of Ganluoli): Ten volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Xin Lu Ganluoli Zhi Gui Fang]* (Newly Recorded Ghost-Treating Prescriptions of Ganluoli): Four volumes, original five volumes missing (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Sui Yangdi Chi Zhuan Sihai Leiju Dan Yao Fang]* (Single Essential Prescriptions Classified in the Four Seas, Commissioned by Emperor Yang of Sui): Three hundred volumes (Sui Zhi lacks the phrase "Commissioned by Emperor Yang of Sui," now recorded according to Tang Zhi. Tang Zhi lists sixteen volumes). Extinct.
*[Sihai Leiju Fang]* (Classified Prescriptions in the Four Seas): Two thousand six hundred volumes (Recorded in Sui Zhi). Extinct.
*[Xu Shi (Cheng) Beiji Dan Yao Fang]* (Emergency Single Essential Prescriptions by the Xu Family (Cheng)): Three volumes (Current catalogues of our dynasty list *Xin Lu Dan Yao Fang* [Newly Recorded Single Essential Prescriptions] in five volumes, authored by Wei Xiaocheng). Extinct.
According to the biography of Xu Zhicang in the *Book of Sui*: His clansman Xu Cheng was also prominent in medical arts. His father, Xu, served in the Liang Dynasty as Taichang Cheng (Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices) and Zhongjun Zhangshi (Chief Administrator of the Central Army). He entered Chang'an with Liu Zhongli and was on par with Yao Sengtan, receiving the title of Shangyitong Sansi (Grand Master Above Equality). Xu Cheng possessed learning and transmitted his father's profession, mastering its subtleties. He held positions including Shangyao Dianyu (Director of Imperial Medicines) and Jianyi Dafu (Censor-in-Chief), and was enfeoffed as Bo (Marquis) of Hechuan County. Both father and son were renowned for their arts during the Zhou and Sui dynasties.
*[Wu Shi (Jingxian) Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun]* (Discussion on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases by the Wu Family (Jingxian)): Five volumes, plus one volume of indexes (Tang Zhi omits "Xian"; lists fifty volumes). Extinct.
*[Chao Shi (Yuanfang) Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun]* (Discussion on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases by the Chao Family (Yuanfang)): Fifty volumes (New Tang Zhi). Extant.
Preface by Song Shou: I have heard that when humans are born, they harmonize the six qi (influences); excess leads to disease. Doctors practice medicine to seek the root of all diseases; if skilled, they can preserve life. Regarding the distinction of the three parts and nine pulses, differentiating changes in the five tones and five colors, estimating fullness and emptiness in the exterior and interior, examining restlessness and calmness in nature and temperament, understanding their fluctuations, and carefully applying treatments—this is how one assists the lives of sentient beings and aids the governance of the state. The Empire covers all under heaven, jointly cultivating various duties. Those with skills obey official posts; leniency towards illness exists in political codes. The Emperor holds the spiritual diagram and follows established laws, honors the mother's model, and promotes supreme transformation. His illumination penetrates the obscure, and his benevolence extends to moving and non-moving things. Pitying the suffering of the people, he awaits the ultimate relief provided by excellent physicians. Considering the vast territory and the poverty of alleys, scholars studying medicine rarely achieve excellence; families transmitting prescriptions often inherit doubts and errors. The four types of books may be incomplete; seven years of study may be insufficient. With such crude practitioners guessing arbitrarily, great harm is done to physiological life. Is this not lamentable? Thus, forms become tragic, or one harbors heavy caution. It is said that former experts produced effects akin to the divine, predicting events five days in advance and gaining trust through three cuts (pulse taking). Was this not due to investigating the subtleties of origins and meticulous intent? Generally, the teaching of pulse diagnosis originated from the Yellow Emperor. Since ancient times, commentaries have proliferated. Thinking deeply into precision, benefiting the masses, a bright edict was issued to consult old records, examine sacred classics above, and gather strange methods below. Revealing secrets from the Yan Pavilion, ordering the Zhongshang Bureau to collate them. *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Discussion on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases) was composed by Chief Physician Chao Yuanfang and others under imperial decree during the Daye era of Sui. It gathered various theories, deeply studied refined principles, and collected all evidence of form and pulse. It clarified influences of residence, desires, wind, cold, and dampness, and indicated suitability for acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal decoctions, and heat therapy. Truly a model of art and skill, and a ford for diagnosis. Inspections and examinations by supervisory offices naturally used this. Thus, it was ordered to be carved on wooden blocks alongside *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) and *Suwen* (Basic Questions) and distributed throughout the seas. Great is the instruction of ancestors, striving for the benefit of preservation and nurturing. Supplementing the omissions of agricultural classics, distributing secret prescriptions far and wide. Ordering collection to exhaust the origin. The essentials of formula theory are exhausted; the merit of teacher-medicine is complete. This will allow later learners to gently improve, observe colors without error, and respond with mind and hand verifying each other. Great indeed! Tasting hundred herbs to save the crooked is the great virtue of ancient emperors; worrying about one person losing their place is the intention of the Two Emperors. Eliminating plagues, elevating to benevolence and longevity, is not the sincere intention of the Supreme Sage loving people? Deputy Chief Medical Officer of the Hanlin Academy, Zhao Gong, and others, having finished collation, copied and presented it. Thus allowing recent writers to compose a preface. Looking at my own emptiness, I cannot explore profound mysteries. Merely describing the deep meaning of good guidance to encourage future generations, praising the utmost benevolence of diligence, and clearly illuminating great protection. Respectfully prefaced.
Zhao Xibian said: *Chao Shi Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Discussion on Disease Sources and Manifestations by Chao) consists of fifty volumes, written by Chao Yuanfang and others of Sui. Yuanfang was commissioned during the Daye era to discuss with various physicians the sources of various diseases. During the Zhaoling period of our dynasty, an imperial order collated the text, carved it on woodblocks, and distributed it. Song Shou wrote the preface.
Chen Zhen Sun said: *Chao Shi Bing Yuan Lun* (Discussion on Disease Sources by Chao) consists of fifty volumes, written by Chao Yuanfang, Grand Doctor of the Imperial Hospital of Sui, and others. Completed in the sixth year of Daye. It only discusses disease manifestations and does not record prescriptions. Now, according to *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Golden Formulas), many discussions are based on this book. Practitioners can cross-reference it.
Wang Yinglin said: On the day Yiyou, October 12, in the fourth year of Tiansheng, it was ordered that Jixian Scholar Chao Zongque and Wang Juzheng collate *Huangdi Neijing Suwen* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Basic Questions), *Nanjing* (Classic of Difficult Issues), and *Chao Shi Yuanfang Bing Yuan Hou Lun*. On the day Yiwei, April of the fifth year, the Guozijian (Imperial Academy) was ordered to print and distribute copies. Scholar Song Shou was ordered to write the preface for *Bing Yuan*.
Lu Fu said: *Bing Yuan Lun* (Discussion on Disease Sources) consists of fifty volumes, compiled by Chao Yuanfang, Grand Doctor of the Imperial Hospital of Sui, and others under imperial decree during the Daye era. It traces the manifestations of various diseases and attaches health-preserving and daoyin (guiding and pulling) methods, forming a school of its own. Purity and impurity are mixed, which can be seen. The Song Dynasty's medical supervision used it for examinations. Yuan followed suit, listing it among the Seven Classics of the medical field. However, it contains apocryphal mixing and is no longer the original state of that time. Those with clear vision will see it themselves. Wu Jingxian also wrote a *Bing Yuan* book, which does not circulate in modern times.
Lang Ying said: *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* discusses symptoms and principles, truly expressing ideas with fluent language. I often regret that Yuanfang did not attach prescriptions, making the body and function complete if he had added them. This book is truly unsurpassable. (From *Qi Xiu Lei Gao*)
Wang [Name omitted] said: Chao Yuanfang's *Bing Yuan Hou Lun* and Wang Bing's *Tianyuan Yu Ce* both have predecessors. However, Yuanfang spoke of wind-cold two qi but did not mention damp-heat; Bing deduced changes of five movements and six qi but suffered from stagnation and obstruction. This is their flaw. (From *Qingyan Cong Shuo*)
Zhu Yizun's postscript: The aforementioned *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* consists of fifty volumes, compiled by Chao Yuanfang, Grand Doctor of the Imperial Hospital of Sui, under imperial decree, discussing with various physicians the sources of diseases and the essentials of nine pulses. The book was completed in the sixth year of Daye and presented to the court. There were generally 1,720 discussions, stated in detail. The Sui and Tang bibliographies do not list it, but the Song bibliography does. It seems that during the Taiping Xingguo era, Wang Huaiyin, Wang [Name omitted], Chen Zhaoyu, and others were ordered to present *Shenghui Fang* (Holy Benefit Prescriptions), taking Yuanfang's discussions as the head of each section. Emperor Shenzong used it to examine medical students. This compilation began to be widely known at that time. *Shulu Jieti* states that many discussions in *Qianjin Fang* are based on this book. Examining Song medical regulations, *Chao Shi Lun* and *Qianjin Yi* were listed together as minor classics, while *Qianjin Fang* was not included. Therefore, the Sun Real Person's book currently transmitted is probably not entirely trustworthy. (From *Pashu Ting Ji*)
Summary of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries: *Chao Shi Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* consists of fifty volumes, compiled by Chao Yuanfang, Grand Doctor of the Imperial Hospital of Sui, and others under imperial decree during the Daye era of Sui. Examining *Sui Shu Jingji Zhi*, there is *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* in five volumes, with one volume of indexes, authored by Wu Jingxian. *Jiu Tang Shu Jingji Zhi* has *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* in fifty volumes, authored by Wu Jing. Neither mentions Chao's book. *Song Shi Yiwenzhi* has *Chao Yuanfang Chao Shi Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* in fifty volumes, but no Wu family book. Only *Xin Tang Shu Yiwenzhi* lists both books, with identical titles and volumes. It should not be so repetitive. It is suspected that it was originally an official book, with Yuanfang and Jing serving as supervisor and compiler respectively, hence sometimes titled Jing's name, sometimes Yuanfang's name, actually being one book. *Xin Tang Shu* accidentally duplicated it. Observing Chao Gongwu's *Dushu Zhi*, which states "Compiled by Chao Yuanfang et al. of Sui," it proves that the old editions listed more than one name. Thus, Wu Jing in Sui Zhi might be Wu Jingxian, where "Xian" might be a mistake for "Jian" (Supervisor). Its listing as five volumes might also miss ten characters. If it were only five volumes, it should not have one volume of indexes. This edition was collated by Wang Jichuan Fang Kuang of the Ming Dynasty, preceded by Song Shou's imperial preface. Examining *Yuhai*, on the day Yiyou, October 12, in the fourth year of Tiansheng, it was ordered that Jixian Scholar Chao Zongque and Wang Juzheng collate *Huangdi Neijing Suwen*, *Nanjing*, and *Chao Shi Bing Yuan Hou Lun*. On the day Yiwei, April of the fifth year, the Guozijian was ordered to print and distribute copies. Scholar Song Shou was ordered to write the preface for *Bing Yuan*. This confirms the event. The book has sixty-seven categories and 1,720 discussions. Chen Zhen Sun's *Shulu Jieti* states that Wang Tao's *Waitai Miyao* discussions are mostly based on this book. Verification confirms this. Also, Volume Six, *Sanjie Zhu Hou* (Various Manifestations of Dissolution), was made for those taking Hanshi San (Cold Food Powder); only people of the Six Dynasties had this condition. Volume Twenty-Six, *Maogui Bing Hou* (Manifestations of Cat Demon Disease), appears in *Beishi* and *Taiping Guangji*; only Zhou and Qi periods had this. These are not post-Tang language. It is undoubtedly an old edition. The book only discusses disease manifestations and does not record prescriptions, following the example of *Suwen* and *Nanjing*. At the end of various manifestations, it often attaches daoyin methods, also not stating whose methods they are. Examining Sui Zhi, there is *Daoyin Tu* in three volumes, noted as "One standing, one sitting, one lying down." Perhaps these theories were incorporated? *Dushu Zhi* states that the old Song system used this book to examine medical students, and during the Taiping Xingguo era, collecting *Shenghui Fang*, the head of each category must be crowned with this book. Since the time was not far from antiquity, prescriptions and pulse theories since Han still existed in many forms. Gathering strengths and discussing together, its words are deep, dense, and refined, beyond the reach of later generations. Below *Neijing*, except for books by Zhang Ji, Wang Shuhe, Ge Hong, etc., this is the oldest. Investigating its essence, it can be called a bridge for symptom treatment. Wang Wei's *Qingyan Cong Shuo* once criticized it for knowing only wind-cold two qi and not mentioning damp-heat, considering it negligent. However, disease mechanisms change infinitely; many things not mentioned by predecessors were clarified by later generations. One cannot fault this book for a single point.
Note: My friend Shanben Gongting (Yun) wrote *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun Shuzheng* in fifty volumes, with a one-volume introduction, detailed and accurate, pleasing to read. He says: The current edition has many errors. Moreover, *Waitai Miyao* cites "Shanghan Shi Ri Zhi Shi Er Ri Hou" (Manifestation of Cold Damage from the 10th to 12th Day), "Shanghan Du Gong Yan Hou" (Manifestation of Cold Damage Toxin Attacking Eyes) (current edition has same title but different text), "Chong Xia Hou" (Heavy Diarrhea Manifestation). *Shenghui Fang* cites "Shi Xian Hou" (Food Epilepsy Manifestation). *Yixin Fang* cites "Xiao'er Gui Shi Tou Hou" (Child Ghost Licking Head Manifestation). Examining the current edition, none are found. In the *Yingliu Men* (Goiter and Tumor Category), there are Duowang Hou (Forgetfulness), Shimian Hou (Somnolence), Hanmian Hou (Snoring Sleep), Tichou Hou (Body Odor), Huchou Hou (Fox Odor), Louye Hou (Leaking Armpit Odor), which do not match the titles, indicating they are misplaced texts from other chapters. Thus, the missing parts are not just five manifestations. *Sanyin Fang* states: "Chao Shi Bing Yuan lists over 1,800 items," showing disease names. What Chen Yan saw should be the Tian Sheng official publication, the original number of this book. But the current edition has only 1,726 discussions, clearly showing it is残缺 (fragmentary/incomplete). Furthermore, Zhang Congzheng's *Rumen Shiqin* cites text from Volume 37, Daixia Hou (Leukorrhea Manifestation) of this book: "Chao Shi Neipian Forty-Four Volumes..." This shows there were originally internal and external sections, and the volume numbers were different. I do not know why the current edition has such errors.
Again, the name Wu Jingxian appears in the biography of Mai Tiezhuang in the *Book of Sui*. Thus, the summary's claim of Wu Jing as supervisor is speculative. However, considering this book co-authored by Chao and Wu seems reasonable. For now, relying on *Xin Tang Zhi* listing both families' books, waiting for future examination.
*[Zhen Shi (Liyan) Gujin Luyan Fang]* (Ancient and Modern Verified Prescriptions by the Zhen Family (Liyan)): Fifty volumes (Originally Zhen Quan, now according to Tang Shu Liyan Zhuan and current catalogues of our dynasty). Extinct.