患。属劳伤之根。阳动则络松血溢。法与虚损有间。滋阴补气。最忌凝涩。如当归建中汤。旋
复花汤。虎潜丸。金刚四斤丸。取其有循经入络之能也。凡此为不内外因之大略。但血之
主司者。如心肝脾三脏。血之所生化者。莫如阳明胃腑。可见胃为血症之要道。若胃有不
和。当先治胃也。仁斋直指云。一切血症。经久不愈。每每以胃药收功。想大黄黄连泻心汤。
犀角地黄汤。理中汤。异功散。虽补泻寒温不同。确不离此旨。所以先生发明治胃方法独
多。有薄味调养胃阴者。如金匮麦冬汤。及沙参扁豆茯神石斛之类。有甘温创建中阳者。
如人参建中汤。及四君子加减之类。有滋阴而不碍胃。甘守津还者。如复脉汤加减之类。
其余如补土生金法。镇肝益胃法。补脾疏胃法。宁神理胃法。肾胃相关法。无分症之前后。
一遇胃不加餐。不饥难运诸候。每从此义见长。源源生化不息。何患乎病之不易医也。（邵新甫）
徐评 此老治血症。其议论大端不信于古。而用药全然不知。此等医案。贻误后人。不可纪极。
无容不辩。其大犯在用麦冬五味玉竹沙参。夫麦冬乃补肺之重剂。肺气虚极。气不能续。则
用之以补肺气。然仲景往往与半夏同用。如麦门冬汤竹叶石膏是也。盖防其窒腻耳。若吐血
咳嗽。乃肺家痰火盘踞之病。岂宜峻补。从此无愈日矣。至五味之酸。一味收敛。仲景用之以治
上气咳逆肺脉不合之症。然必与干姜同用。以辛散寒邪。从无独用者。今吐血之嗽。火邪入肺。
痰凝血涌。惟恐其不散不降。乃反欲其痰火收住肺中。不放一毫出路。是何法也。其沙参玉竹
之补肺。大略相近。呜呼。此又不明后世永无吐血不死之人矣。举世尽然。今为尤甚。伤哉。 古
时虚劳与吐血。确是二病。虚劳是虚寒症。以温补为主。吐血之症不一。大概属阴虚火旺者为
多。此老颇得言之凿凿。但有时仍以建中汤为治。则又误以仲景虚劳治法。混入吐血门中。终
是胸无定见也。五十年吐血者极少。诸前辈无不以服补肺药为戒。所以死者绝少。目今吐血
者十人而五。不服药者无不生。服麦冬五味者无不死。此虽时令使然。而药误亦不少也。可不
畏哉。 医案亦多重复可删。大半十同八九。令阅者厌烦。编书无识可笑。
患病。属于劳损的根源。阳气妄动则络脉松弛导致血液溢出。其治法与一般的虚损病有所不同。滋阴补气时，最忌讳使用滋腻收敛的药物。例如当归建中汤、旋复花汤、虎潜丸、金刚四斤丸，是取它们具有循经入络的功效。大凡此类情况，是不内外因的大致规律。但是，血液的主宰者，在于心、肝、脾三脏；血液生化之源，莫过于阳明胃腑。可见胃是治疗血症的关键所在。如果胃气不和，应当先治疗胃。仁斋在《直指方》中说：一切血症，经久不愈，往往通过调理胃药而取得疗效。想那大黄黄连泻心汤、犀角地黄汤、理中汤、异功散，虽然补泻寒温各不相同，但确实不离这一宗旨。所以先生发明关于治疗胃的方法特别多。有采用清淡饮食调养胃阴的，如金匮麦冬汤，以及沙参、扁豆、茯神、石斛之类；有采用甘温药物建立中阳的，如人参建中汤，以及四君子汤加减之类；有滋阴而不碍胃、甘守津还的，如复脉汤加减之类。其余如补土生金法、镇肝益胃法、补脾疏胃法、宁神理胃法、肾胃相关法，不分症状的前后顺序，一遇到胃不加餐、不饥难运等症状，每每从这一原则入手见效，使气血源源不断生化不息，何必担心疾病难以治愈呢。（邵新甫评）
徐灵胎评：这位老医生治疗血症，其议论大体上不迷信古人，但用药完全不知道（医理）。这类医案贻误后人，不可估量。不容不辩驳。他最大的错误在于使用麦冬、五味子、玉竹、沙参。麦冬是补肺的重剂，肺气极度虚弱，气不能接续时，才用它来补肺气。然而张仲景往往将其与半夏同用，如麦门冬汤、竹叶石膏汤等，大概是防止其窒塞腻滞。如果是吐血咳嗽，这是肺家痰火盘踞的疾病，岂宜峻补？从此就没有痊愈的日子了。至于五味子的酸味，一味具有收敛作用，张仲景用它来治疗上气咳逆、肺脉不合的症状，但必须与干姜同用，以辛散寒邪，从未单独使用过。如今吐血之嗽，火邪入肺，痰凝血涌，惟恐其不散不降，反而想要让痰火收住留在肺中，不放出一丝出路，这是什么办法呢？沙参、玉竹补肺，大致相近。唉！这样下去，后世永无不死于吐血的人了。举世皆然，如今尤其严重。可悲啊。古时候虚劳与吐血，确实是两种病。虚劳是虚寒症，以温补为主。吐血的病症不一，大概属于阴虚火旺的居多。这位老医生对此说得很有根据。但有时仍以建中汤为治疗方法，这又是错误地将张仲景治疗虚劳的方法混入吐血门类中，终究是胸中没有定见。五十年前患吐血的人极少，各位前辈无不把服用补肺药作为禁忌，所以死者绝少。如今患吐血的人十个里面有五个，不服药的人没有不活的，服用麦冬、五味子的人没有不死的。这虽然是时令所致，但药物误治也不少。能不害怕吗？医案也有很多重复可以删除，大半十同八九，令读者厌烦，编书没有见识，可笑。
The illness belongs to the root of labor injury (劳伤). When Yang moves recklessly, collaterals loosen and blood overflows. Its treatment method differs from that of general deficiency damage (虚损). Nourishing Yin and tonifying Qi must strictly avoid astringent and cloying agents. For instance, Danggui Jianzhong Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Angelica Decoction for Building the Middle), Xuanfu Hua Tang (Inula Flower Decoction), Hujian Wan (Tiger-Kneading Pill), and Jingang Sijin Wan (Diamond Four-Jin Pill) are selected for their ability to enter collaterals along the meridians. Generally speaking, this outlines the major causes not internal or external. However, the organs governing blood are the Heart, Liver, and Spleen; the source of blood generation is none other than the Stomach of the Yangming channel. Thus, the Stomach is the crucial pathway for treating blood disorders. If the Stomach is disharmonious, it should be treated first. Renzhai stated in *Zhizhi Fang*: "All blood disorders that persist for a long time are often resolved by treating the Stomach." Consider Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Tang (Rhubarb and Coptis Decoction for Draining the Heart), Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhino Horn and Rehmannia Decoction), Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), and Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder). Although they differ in tonification, purgation, cold, and warmth, they indeed adhere to this principle. Therefore, Mr. Ye Tianshi elaborated extensively on methods to treat the Stomach. There are those who nourish Stomach Yin with light flavors, such as Jinkui Maidong Tang (Maidong Decoction from the Golden Cabinet), and herbs like Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Bian Dou (Dolichos Lablab Semen), Fushen (Poria Cum Rhizoma), and Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis). There are those who establish Middle Yang with sweet-warm agents, such as Renshen Jianzhong Tang (Ginseng Decoction for Building the Middle) and modifications of Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction). There are those who nourish Yin without hindering the Stomach, maintaining sweetness and returning fluids, such as modifications of Fumai Tang (Restore Pulse Decoction). Others include Tonifying Earth to Generate Metal, Calming Liver and Benefiting Stomach, Tonifying Spleen and Dispersing Stomach, Calming Spirit and Regulating Stomach, and Kidney-Stomach Correlation methods. Regardless of the sequence of symptoms, whenever there is loss of appetite or inability to transport food due to lack of hunger, one usually finds success by adhering to this principle, ensuring continuous generation and transformation. Why worry about the difficulty of curing the disease? (Commentary by Shao Xinpu)
Xu Lingtai's Commentary: This old doctor's discussions on treating blood disorders generally do not blindly follow ancient texts, yet his medication choices show a complete lack of understanding. Such medical cases mislead future generations to an extreme degree. It is imperative to refute them. His greatest error lies in using Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Yuzhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma), and Shashen (Glehniae Radix). Maidong is a heavy agent for tonifying the Lung. It is used only when Lung Qi is extremely deficient and cannot continue, to tonify Lung Qi. However, Zhang Zhongjing often combined it with Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), as seen in Maimendong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) and Zhuyegaoji Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), presumably to prevent stagnation and cloyingness. If hemoptysis and coughing are caused by phlegm-fire occupying the Lung, how can heavy tonification be appropriate? There will be no day of recovery from this. As for the sour taste of Wuweizi, which has astringent properties, Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat upper Qi rebellious cough and mismatched Lung pulse, but always combined it with Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) to disperse cold pathogens with pungency, never using it alone. Now, in hemoptysis with cough, fire pathogen enters the Lung, phlegm coagulates and blood surges. One fears dispersion and descent insufficiently, yet instead wishes to retain phlegm-fire in the Lung, blocking all exit routes. What kind of method is this? The lung-tonifying effects of Shashen and Yuzhu are roughly similar. Alas! With this approach, there will never be survivors from hemoptysis in later generations. The whole world follows this trend, and it is even more severe now. How tragic. In ancient times, Xu Lao (Chronic Deficiency Consumption) and hemoptysis were indeed two different diseases. Xu Lao is a deficiency-cold syndrome, primarily treated with warming and tonification. Hemoptysis varies, but mostly belongs to Yin deficiency with fire hyperactivity. This old doctor spoke convincingly on this point. However, sometimes he still used Jianzhong Tang for treatment, mistakenly mixing Zhang Zhongjing's methods for treating Xu Lao into the category of hemoptysis, showing ultimately a lack of firm principles. Fifty years ago, hemoptysis was rare; all senior physicians warned against taking lung-tonifying medicines, so deaths were few. Today, five out of ten suffer from hemoptysis. Those who take no medicine survive; those who take Maidong and Wuweizi die. Although this may be due to seasonal factors, medicinal errors are also numerous. Should one not fear this? The medical cases contain much repetition that could be deleted; nine out of ten are identical, causing reader fatigue. Compiling books without insight is laughable.