头居身体之上。为诸阳之会。其位至高。犹山之有巅。木之有杪也。风之起也。愈高而
愈狂
。山巅木杪先得之。故云行如飞。叶落如雨。皆风使之然也。头居上体。为风之所先及。然
以其会乎诸阳。而不畏寒。故人多忽之。而不知所避。风邪一入头即痛焉。是以头痛之症。
风痛居多。夫风何以能痛也。盖风之为物也善行而数变也其性易入。其气易感。头之诸阳内
聚而拒风。风之势内外攻以抗阳。风与阳相争。两不肯伏。交战至于高之分。而头之诸经始
病
矣。以诸阳之强。且不能以胜风。而况以诸阴乎。其有气虚血虚而作痛者。虽系本原之不足
。而实风之为病也。盖虚之所在。邪必辏之。使无风之入。惟觉眩运而已。何以作痛耶。但
其气血已虚。无力拒风。风虽入而不与争。故其痛亦不甚也。其有饮食不消。痰涎涌上而作
痛者。非风之罪也。宜审而治之。
内经曰。寸口脉短者头痛也。脉经曰。阳弦头痛定无疑。脉诀云。头痛短涩应须死。浮
滑风痰皆易治。
清巅抑火汤 治血虚头痛。并偏正头风。
本 当归 生地 川芎（各二钱） 防风 蔓荆子 黄连 石膏 白芍 白芷（各一钱）
加葱白五枚。生姜三片。煎服。
千金一笑散 治诸般头疼并一切头风。
北细辛 人参 秦艽 甘菊花（各一钱五分） 白芷 甘草 当归 薄荷（各二钱） 葱白
五枚。煎服。
空青散 治偏正头痛。年深日久不愈者。并疗风寒湿热。头上及脑痛。惟血虚者。不宜
川芎（五钱） 柴胡（七钱） 黄连（酒炒） 防风 羌活（各一两） 甘草（一两五钱） 黄芩
（三两一半生一半酒炒）
上为细末。每服二钱。以清茶调下。
羌活附子汤 治寒冬犯脑痛。及齿痛。名曰脑风。
麻黄 大附子 防风 白芷 白僵蚕（各六分） 黄柏 苍术 黄 佛耳草 甘草（各
一钱） 升麻（三分） 水煎温服。
点眼丹 治一切头痛。心腹绞痛。又治搅肠沙。盘肠气痛疝痛。
牙硝（二钱） 麝香 朱砂 雄黄（各五分）
上为细末瓷罐收贮。临病以银簪蘸药。点两眼内。立时取效。
灵速散 治一切头痛立愈。
细茶（一两水二钟煎至半钟去渣） 白芷 细辛 牙皂 紫苏 薄荷（各三钱） 煎七分。
风入太阳经。则发际痛脉浮紧。恶风寒。以羌活为君。川芎。升麻。白芷。防风。甘草
风入阳明经。则额前痛。兼鼻痛。脉浮缓。发热恶寒。以白芷为君。羌活。升麻。川芎。防风为佐。
风入少阳经。则两鬓间及额角痛。脉弦。往来发热。以柴胡为君。川芎。升麻。羌活。
风入少阴经。则头骨紧痛。以细辛为君。独活。防风。黄柏。白芷为佐。
风入厥阴。太阴之交。则顶巅痛。以 本为君。升麻川芎。牙皂。甘草为佐。
头部位于身体的上部，是诸阳经汇聚的地方。它的位置最高，就像山有山顶、树有树梢一样。风兴起时，位置越高风势越狂烈。山巅和树梢最先受到风的侵袭，所以云行如飞、叶落如雨，都是风造成的。头部处于人体上部，最容易先被风邪侵犯，但因为汇聚了诸阳之气，所以不怕寒冷，因此人们往往忽视它，不知道如何躲避。一旦风邪侵入头部就会引起疼痛。所以头痛的症状中，由风引起的占大多数。
那么风为什么能引起疼痛呢？大概因为风这种邪气善于游走且变化多端，其性质容易侵入人体，其气机容易感应外界。头部的诸阳经在内部聚集以抵御风邪，风邪则从内外两方面进攻以对抗阳气。风与阳相互争斗，双方都不肯退让，交战发生在最高的部位，于是头部的各条经脉就开始发病了。凭借诸阳的强盛，尚且不能战胜风邪，更何况是诸阴呢？
那些因气虚、血虚而引发头痛的，虽然根源在于本元不足，但实际上也是风邪致病所致。大概是因为正气虚弱的地方，邪气必然凑集于此。如果没有风邪侵入，只会觉得头晕目眩罢了，怎么会疼痛呢？只是因为气血已经虚弱，没有力量抵御风邪，风邪虽然进入体内但不与之抗争，所以疼痛也不剧烈。
那些因饮食不消化，痰涎涌上头部而引起头痛的，就不是风邪的罪过了，应当仔细辨证后进行治疗。
《内经》说：寸口脉短促的，会头痛。《脉经》说：阳脉弦紧，头痛毫无疑问。《脉诀》说：头痛若见短涩之脉，应当预后不良；若见浮滑之脉，风痰所致则容易治疗。
清巅抑火汤：治疗血虚头痛，以及偏头痛和正头痛（头风）。
组成：藁本、当归、生地、川芎（各二钱），防风、蔓荆子、黄连、石膏、白芍、白芷（各一钱）。
用法：加葱白五根，生姜三片，煎服。
千金一笑散：治疗各种类型的头痛及一切头风。
组成：北细辛、人参、秦艽、甘菊花（各一钱五分），白芷、甘草、当归、薄荷（各二钱）。
用法：加葱白五根，煎服。
空青散：治疗偏头痛和正头痛，病程长久不愈者。并治疗风寒湿热引起的头部及脑部疼痛。但血虚者不宜使用含川芎的方剂。
组成：川芎（五钱），柴胡（七钱），黄连（酒炒），防风、羌活（各一两），甘草（一两五钱），黄芩（三两半，一半生用，一半酒炒）。
用法：以上药物研为细末。每次服用二钱，用清茶调服。
羌活附子汤：治疗寒冬时节寒气犯脑引起的头痛，以及牙齿疼痛，病名叫做“脑风”。
组成：麻黄、大附子、防风、白芷、白僵蚕（各六分），黄柏、苍术、黄芪、佛耳草、甘草（各一钱），升麻（三分）。
用法：水煎，温服。
点眼丹：治疗一切头痛，心腹绞痛。又治疗搅肠沙、盘肠气痛、疝痛。
组成：牙硝（二钱），麝香、朱砂、雄黄（各五分）。
用法：以上药物研为细末，装入瓷罐中密封保存。发病时用银簪蘸取药粉，点入两眼内眦，立即见效。
灵速散：治疗一切头痛，可立时痊愈。
组成：细茶（一两，加水两钟煎至半钟，去渣），白芷、细辛、牙皂、紫苏、薄荷（各三钱）。
用法：煎至七分熟，服用。
风邪侵入太阳经，则发际处疼痛，脉象浮紧，恶风怕冷。以羌活为君药，川芎、升麻、白芷、防风、甘草为佐使。
风邪侵入阳明经，则额前疼痛，兼有鼻部疼痛，脉象浮缓，发热恶寒。以白芷为君药，羌活、升麻、川芎、防风为佐使。
风邪侵入少阳经，则两鬓间及额角疼痛，脉象弦，往来寒热。以柴胡为君药，川芎、升麻、羌活为佐使。
风邪侵入少阴经，则头骨紧痛。以细辛为君药，独活、防风、黄柏、白芷为佐使。
风邪侵入厥阴经与太阴经交接之处，则头顶疼痛。以藁本为君药，升麻、川芎、牙皂、甘草为佐使。
The head is located at the upper part of the body and serves as the convergence point for all Yang meridians. Its position is the highest, analogous to the peak of a mountain or the tip of a tree branch. When wind arises, the higher the position, the more violent the wind becomes. The mountain peaks and tree tips are the first to be affected by the wind; thus, clouds moving swiftly and leaves falling like rain are all caused by the wind. Since the head occupies the uppermost part of the human body, it is the first area exposed to Wind pathogenic factors. However, because it gathers the Qi of all Yang meridians, it is resistant to cold. Consequently, people often neglect this vulnerability and fail to take preventive measures. Once Wind pathogenic factors invade the head, pain ensues. Therefore, among headache symptoms, those caused by Wind account for the majority.
Why can Wind cause pain? This is because Wind, as a pathogenic factor, is characterized by its mobility and rapid changes. Its nature allows it to easily penetrate the body, and its Qi easily resonates with external environments. The Yang meridians in the head gather internally to resist Wind, while Wind attacks from both inside and outside to counteract Yang Qi. Wind and Yang engage in conflict, neither yielding, fighting at the highest level, until the meridians of the head begin to suffer disease. Even with the strength of all Yang meridians, prevailing against Wind is difficult; how much more so for Yin?
Headaches arising from Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency, although rooted in the insufficiency of the original essence, are essentially caused by Wind pathology. Wherever there is deficiency, pathogens tend to converge. Without the invasion of Wind, one would merely experience dizziness (Xuan Yun), not pain. It is precisely because Qi and Blood are already deficient and lack the strength to repel Wind that, although Wind enters, it does not provoke a vigorous struggle, resulting in less intense pain.
Headaches caused by undigested food and surging Phlegm-Saliva rising upwards are not due to Wind. These cases require careful differentiation and treatment.
*Nei Jing* states: "A short pulse at the Cunkou (radial artery) indicates headache." *Mai Jing* states: "A wiry Yang pulse confirms headache without doubt." *Mai Jue* states: "Headache with a short and choppy pulse suggests a fatal prognosis; however, if the pulse is floating and slippery, indicating Wind-Phlegm, it is easy to treat."
**Qing Dian Yi Huo Tang (Clear the Vertex and Suppress Fire Decoction)**: Treats headaches due to Blood deficiency, as well as lateral and central headaches (Tou Feng).
Ingredients: *Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix* (Gaoben), *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui), *Rehmanniae Radix* (Shengdi), *Chuanxiong Rhizoma* (Chuanxiong) (each 2 qian); *Saposhnikoviae Radix* (Fangfeng), *Viticis Fructus* (Manjingzi), *Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian), *Gypsum Fibrosum* (Shigao), *Paeoniae Radix Alba* (Baishao), *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix* (Baizhi) (each 1 qian).
Administration: Add five stalks of scallion white (*Congbai*) and three slices of ginger (*Shengjiang*). Decoct and take orally.
**Qian Yi Yi Xiao San (Thousand Gold Laughing Away Powder)**: Treats various types of headaches and all forms of Tou Feng.
Ingredients: *Asari Radix et Rhizoma* (Beixixin), *Ginseng Radix* (Renshen), *Gnaphalii Herba* (Qinjiao), *Chrysanthemi Flos* (Ganjuhua) (each 1.5 qian); *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix* (Baizhi), *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma* (Gancao), *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui), *Menthae Haplocalycis Herba* (Bohe) (each 2 qian).
Administration: Add five stalks of scallion white (*Congbai*). Decoct and take orally.
**Kong Qing San (Empty Azure Powder)**: Treats lateral and central headaches that have persisted for years without resolution. Also treats headaches in the head and brain caused by Cold-Dampness, Wind-Dampness, Heat-Dampness. Note: Not suitable for patients with Blood deficiency who should avoid *Chuanxiong*.
Ingredients: *Chuanxiong Rhizoma* (Chuanxiong) (5 qian); *Bupleuri Radix* (Chaihu) (7 qian); *Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian) (processed with wine); *Saposhnikoviae Radix* (Fangfeng), *Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix* (Qianghuo) (each 1 liang); *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma* (Gancao) (1.5 liang); *Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin) (3.5 liang, half raw, half processed with wine).
Administration: Grind all ingredients into a fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with clear tea water.
**Qianghuo Fuzi Tang (Notopterygium and Aconite Decoction)**: Treats headaches caused by cold invading the brain during winter, as well as toothache. This condition is named "Nao Feng" (Brain Wind).
Ingredients: *Ephedrae Herba* (Mahuang), large *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata* (Da Fuzi), *Saposhnikoviae Radix* (Fangfeng), *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix* (Baizhi), *Bombyx Batryticatus* (Bai Jiangcan) (each 6 fen); *Phellodendri Cortex* (Huangbai), *Atractylodis Rhizoma* (Cangzhu), *Astragali Radix* (Huangqi), *Petasitae Herba* (Fo'ercao), *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma* (Gancao) (each 1 qian); * Cimicifugae Rhizoma* (Shengma) (3 fen).
Administration: Decoct in water and take warm.
**Dian Yan Dan (Eye-Dotting Cinnabar Pill/Powder)**: Treats all types of headaches, colic in the heart and abdomen. Also treats intestinal twisting sand (Jiao Chang Sha), intestinal qi pain, and hernia pain.
Ingredients: *Natrii Sulfas* (Yaxiao) (2 qian); *Moschus* (Shexiang), *Cinnabaris* (Zhusha), *Realgar* (Xionghuang) (each 5 fen).
Administration: Grind into a fine powder and store in a porcelain jar. Upon onset of illness, dip a silver hairpin into the powder and apply to the inner canthus of both eyes. Effect is immediate.
**Ling Su San (Spiritually Swift Powder)**: Treats all types of headaches, providing instant relief.
Ingredients: Fine tea (1 liang, decocted in two zhong of water until half remains, strain); *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix* (Baizhi), *Asari Radix et Rhizoma* (Xixin), *Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus* (Ya Zao), *Perillae Folium* (Zisu), *Menthae Haplocalycis Herba* (Bohe) (each 3 qian).
Administration: Decoct until七分 (70% volume remains) and take.
When Wind pathogenic factors invade the Taiyang Meridian, pain occurs at the hairline, the pulse is floating and tight, and there is aversion to wind and cold. Use *Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix* (Qianghuo) as the sovereign herb, with *Chuanxiong Rhizoma*, *Cimicifugae Rhizoma*, *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix*, *Saposhnikoviae Radix*, and *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma* as ministers and assistants.
When Wind pathogenic factors invade the Yangming Meridian, pain occurs in the forehead, accompanied by nasal pain. The pulse is floating and moderate, with fever and aversion to cold. Use *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix* (Baizhi) as the sovereign herb, with *Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix*, *Cimicifugae Rhizoma*, *Chuanxiong Rhizoma*, and *Saposhnikoviae Radix* as ministers and assistants.
When Wind pathogenic factors invade the Shaoyang Meridian, pain occurs between the temples and at the frontal angle. The pulse is wiry, with alternating fever and chills. Use *Bupleuri Radix* (Chaihu) as the sovereign herb, with *Chuanxiong Rhizoma*, *Cimicifugae Rhizoma*, and *Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix* as ministers and assistants.
When Wind pathogenic factors invade the Shaoyin Meridian, the skull feels tight and painful. Use *Asari Radix et Rhizoma* (Xixin) as the sovereign herb, with *Angelicae Pubescentis Radix* (Duhuo), *Saposhnikoviae Radix*, *Phellodendri Cortex*, and *Angelicae Dahuricae Radix* as ministers and assistants.
When Wind pathogenic factors invade the junction of the Jueyin and Taiyin meridians, pain occurs at the vertex of the head. Use *Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix* (Gaoben) as the sovereign herb, with *Cimicifugae Rhizoma*, *Chuanxiong Rhizoma*, *Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus*, and *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma* as ministers and assistants.