少阴病，恶寒身蜷而利，手足厥冷者不治。
又少阴病，但厥无汗，不当发汗，强发之则真阳之气绝，阳无所养，血上溢
矣。故两足逆冷，名曰下厥上竭，尺脉得微有宜脐下灸千壮，服回阳辈，脉不
回，人不省死。
郑声 乃声转而不正也，以身凉脉小，自利不渴而多言者，为郑声，虚
也，宜凉补之。
谵语 乃妄有所见而言，皆真气昏乱，神识不清之所致。
并热在胃中，上乘于心也，有言语差谬，睡中呢喃，独语不休乱言皆热，分轻重。
有被火劫谵语者，大热入胃中，水竭水燥，又腹满微喘，口干咽烂不便，久必谵语。
有汗出谵语者，风也，须过经，可下之，若下之早，言语必乱，以表虚里实故也。
有下利谵语者，有潮热谵语者，皆胃中有燥屎，可下之，承气汤。
有下血谵语者，热入血室，当刺期门，宜小柴胡桃仁承气辈。
有三阳合病谵语者，腹满身重，难以转侧，口中不仁，面垢遗屎。
有发汗多，亡阳谵语者，不可下，以桂枝柴胡汤，和其荣卫也。
脉短者死。
逆冷脉沉细者死。
上气喘满直视者死。
自痢下夺者死。
短气，乃气急而短促，呼吸频数而不能相续，似喘而不能摇肩，似呻吟而无
痛，腹心满胀而短气者，里也，实也。又短气不足以息者，实也，十枣、陷胸也。
心腹濡满而短气者，表也，虚也。
有水饮短气者，食少，饮多，水停心下，宜五苓。
少阴病，出现恶寒、身体蜷缩且伴有腹泻，手足冰冷者，属于不治之证。
另外，少阴病，仅有四肢厥冷而无汗，不应当使用发汗法，如果强行发汗，会导致真阳之气断绝，阳气无所依附滋养，血液就会向上溢出。因此双足逆冷，称为“下厥上竭”，此时尺脉微细，适宜在脐下施灸千壮，并服用回阳救逆类的方剂；如果服药后脉象不能恢复，人神志不清，则难以治愈。
郑声，是指声音转换而不端正。以身体凉爽、脉象细小、自发性腹泻且不口渴但多言为特征，属于虚证，适宜采用清凉补益的方法治疗。
谵语，是指胡言乱语，看到不存在的事物而说话，这都是因为真气昏乱、神识不清所致。
并且热邪在胃中，上乘于心，导致言语错谬，睡眠中呢喃自语，独自说话不停乱语，都属于热证，需分轻重论治。
有被火疗劫迫导致谵语的，是大热入胃，津液枯竭燥结，又见腹部胀满、轻微气喘、口干咽烂、大便不通，时间久了必然出现谵语。
有出汗后出现谵语的，是风邪所致，必须经过传经过程，才可以攻下；如果攻下过早，言语必定混乱，这是因为表虚里实的缘故。
有腹泻后出现谵语的，有潮热后出现谵语的，都是胃中有燥屎，可以攻下，用承气汤。
有便血后出现谵语的，是热邪陷入血室，应当针刺期门穴，适宜用小柴胡汤加桃仁、承气汤之类的方剂。
有三阳合病出现谵语的，表现为腹部胀满、身体沉重、难以翻身转侧、口中感觉麻木不知味、面部污垢、遗尿失禁。
有发汗过多，亡阳导致谵语的，不可攻下，应用桂枝柴胡汤调和营卫。
脉象短促的，预后不良，主死。
四肢逆冷且脉象沉细的，预后不良，主死。
上气喘急、胸满、直视的，预后不良，主死。
自发性腹泻且正气脱失的，预后不良，主死。
短气，是指呼吸急促短浅，呼吸频率快但不能连续，类似喘证但不能耸肩，类似呻吟但没有疼痛感。如果腹部和心部胀满而短气，属于里证、实证。另外，短气不足以息（呼吸微弱接不上气），属于实证，可用十枣汤或陷胸汤。
心和腹部柔软胀满而短气的，属于表证、虚证。
有水饮停聚导致短气的，表现为饮食减少、饮水过多，水饮停滞在心下，适宜用五苓散。
Shaoyin disease, characterized by aversion to cold, curling up of the body, diarrhea, and coldness of the hands and feet, is considered incurable.
Furthermore, in Shaoyin disease, if there is only coldness of the limbs without sweat, sweating methods should not be used. Forcing sweating will cause the extinction of True Yang Qi (True Yang Energy), leaving Yang Qi without nourishment, leading to bleeding from above. Thus, with reverse coldness in both feet, it is named "Lower Jue and Upper Exhaustion" (Jue syndrome at the lower part and exhaustion at the upper part). If the Chi pulse (pulse at the wrist position corresponding to the Kidney) is faint and slight, moxibustion of a thousand burns below the navel is appropriate, along with administering formulas that restore Yang. If the pulse does not recover and the patient loses consciousness, death is likely.
Zheng Sheng (feeble speech) refers to speech that is distorted and indistinct. It is characterized by a cool body, small pulse, spontaneous diarrhea without thirst, and excessive talking. This indicates a deficiency pattern, suitable for cooling and tonifying treatments.
Chan Yu (delirious speech) refers to speaking hallucinations or nonsense, caused by the confusion of True Qi and unclear spirit/mind.
When heat resides in the Stomach and rises to affect the Heart, it causes erroneous speech, muttering in sleep, and continuous random talking. These are all heat patterns, requiring differentiation of severity.
If delirium results from coercive fire therapy, it indicates severe heat entering the Stomach, exhausting fluids and causing dryness. Accompanied by abdominal fullness, slight wheezing, dry mouth, rotting throat, and constipation, delirium will inevitably occur after some time.
If delirium occurs after sweating, it is due to Wind pathogen. Purging may be used only after the disease has passed through its meridian stages. Premature purging will cause chaotic speech because the exterior is deficient while the interior is excess.
If delirium follows diarrhea or tidal fever, it indicates dry feces in the Stomach/Intestines, which can be purged using Chengqi Tang (Gut-Purging Decoction).
If delirium follows bloody stool, it indicates heat entering the Blood Chamber. The Qimen acupoint should be needled, and formulas like Xiaochaihu Tang combined with Tao Ren (Peach Kernel) or Chengqi Tang variants are appropriate.
In San Yang combination disease (disease involving Taiyang, Yangming, and Shaoyang meridians) presenting with delirium, symptoms include abdominal fullness, body heaviness, difficulty turning over, numbness in the mouth, facial dirtiness, and enuresis/incontinence.
If delirium results from excessive sweating leading to Yang collapse, purging is contraindicated. Instead, Guizhi Chaihu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Bupleurum Decoction) should be used to harmonize Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) levels.
A short pulse indicates death.
Reverse coldness with a deep and fine pulse indicates death.
Upper asthma (wheezing), chest fullness, and fixed gaze indicate death.
Spontaneous diarrhea with collapse of Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) indicates death.
Duan Qi (Shortness of breath) refers to rapid, shallow breathing that cannot continue, resembling asthma but without shoulder shrugging, resembling groaning but without pain. If abdominal and epigastric fullness accompanies shortness of breath, it is an Interior Excess pattern. Additionally, shortness of breath where one cannot take a sufficient breath is an Excess pattern, treatable with Shizao Tang (Ten Jujube Decoction) or Xianxiong Tang (Sinking Chest Decoction).
If soft epigastric and abdominal fullness accompanies shortness of breath, it is an Exterior Deficiency pattern.
If shortness of breath is caused by Fluid retention, characterized by poor appetite, excessive drinking, and fluid stagnation under the Heart, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is appropriate.