往来寒热者，日至四五套或十套也，皆正邪分争也。
表也，寒热，热多寒少，无里证，宜桂枝麻黄各半汤。
半表半里也，寒热宜小柴胡，有里证宜大柴胡。
亡阳也，脉微弱，热多寒少，不可汗，宜桂枝二越婢一汤。
血少也，尺脉迟涩，热多寒少，宜建中汤加 。
已汗已下，寒热往来者，桂枝干姜汤。
不待风而寒，虽身大热而不欲去衣，浓衣犹言冷也，向火不能遏其寒。又云∶身大热不欲
去衣，表热里寒也；身大寒不欲衣者，表寒里热也。
有虚实之别∶汗出恶寒表虚也，可解肌；无汗恶寒，表实也，可汗。
有阴有阳之别∶恶寒而蜷，脉沉细而紧者，发于阴也，可温之；寒热相继者，发于阳也，可发汗。
有气虚，因吐下、因发汗后，反恶寒，脉微弱，宜芍药附子甘草汤。
有阴盛阳盛。
阴寒气盛，阳气不足则口中和也，处以附子汤。
阳气内陷，阴气不足，口中干燥，白虎加参，复津液。
见风至则恶矣，得以居密室帐中则坦然自舒无畏，或扇或当风则淅淅然而恶矣。又云∶天本
无风，病患自恶，谓无风而皮毛粟起也。盖三阳有恶风，三阴并无也。
有伤寒、中风之别∶无汗伤寒，有汗中风。
有亡阳、风湿之别∶发汗多，亡阳漏汗不止，外不固也，以附子桂枝汤，温经固卫也。风
湿相搏，骨节烦疼，湿胜，自汗腠理不密恶风也，以甘草附子汤。
往来寒热（指恶寒与发热交替出现），每天发作四到五次，或者十次左右，这都是正气与邪气相互争斗的表现。
病位在表，表现为恶寒与发热，其中发热多于恶寒，没有里证（脏腑内部的病变），适宜使用桂枝麻黄各半汤（调和营卫、小发其汗的方剂）。
病位在半表半里（介于体表与脏腑之间），寒热往来适宜用小柴胡汤（和解少阳的主方）；如果伴有里证（如便秘、腹痛等），适宜使用大柴胡汤（和解少阳、内泻热结的方剂）。
这是亡阳（阳气极度衰竭）的表现，脉象微弱，发热多而恶寒少，不可使用发汗法，适宜使用桂枝二越婢一汤（微清里热、兼解表邪的方剂）。
这是血虚的表现，尺部脉象迟涩，发热多而恶寒少，适宜使用建中汤（温中补虚、和里缓急的方剂）并加入 [缺字，通常指黄芪或当归等补血益气之品]。
已经经过发汗或攻下治疗后，仍然出现寒热往来的，适宜使用桂枝干姜汤（温中复阳、调和营卫的方剂）。
不待风吹而感到寒冷，即使身体高热也不愿脱去衣物，穿厚衣服仍觉得冷，靠近火源也不能遏制这种寒冷感。又说：身体高热但不想脱衣，是表热里寒；身体寒冷但不想穿衣，是表寒里热。
有虚证和实证的分别：出汗且怕冷，属于表虚证，可以用解肌法（解除肌表之邪）；无汗且怕冷，属于表实证，可以用发汗法。
有阴证和阳证的分别：怕冷且身体蜷缩，脉象沉细而紧的，属于发于阴经，可以用温法；寒热交替出现的，属于发于阳经，可以用发汗法。
有气虚的情况，因为呕吐、泻下或发汗后，反而更加怕冷，脉象微弱，适宜使用芍药附子甘草汤（温经复阳、敛阴和营的方剂）。
阴寒之气旺盛，阳气不足，则口中感觉平和（不苦不燥），处以附子汤（温经助阳、散寒除湿的方剂）。
阳气内陷，阴气不足，口中干燥，用白虎加人参汤（清热生津的方剂），以恢复津液。
见到风就感到厌恶，如果能居住在密闭的帐幕之中，就会坦然舒适无所畏惧；或者被扇子扇风、对着风口吹，就会感到淅淅然（形容轻微的风雨声或寒意）的厌恶感。又说：天本来没有风，是病人自己厌恶风，称为无风而皮肤起粟粒状疙瘩。大概三阳经病有恶风的症状，三阴经病并没有恶风的症状。
有亡阳和风湿的分别：发汗过多，导致亡阳、汗漏不止，是因为卫外不固，用附子桂枝汤，以温通经脉、巩固卫气。风湿相搏结，骨节烦痛，湿气偏胜，自汗出且腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）不紧密而恶风，用甘草附子汤（温经散寒、祛风除湿的方剂）。
Alternating chills and fever (alternation of aversion to cold and fever) occurring four or five times, or even ten times a day, all indicate the struggle between healthy qi (Zheng Qi) and pathogenic factors.
When the pathology is at the exterior level, characterized by chills and fever with more heat than cold, and without interior syndromes, Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra Half-Half Decoction) is indicated.
When the pathology is at the half-exterior half-interior level, Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated for alternating chills and fever; if accompanied by interior syndromes, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated.
This represents Yang collapse (extreme depletion of Yang Qi), with a faint pulse, more heat than cold; sweating methods are contraindicated, and Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Twice, Minor Bi Decoction Once) is indicated.
This represents Blood deficiency, with a slow and choppy pulse at the Chi position (cun-kou pulse diagnosis), more heat than cold; Jianzhong Tang (Middle-Building Decoction) added with [missing character, likely Astragali Radix or Angelicae Sinensis Radix] is indicated.
For alternating chills and fever persisting after prior sweating or purging treatments, Guizhi Ganjiang Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Dried Ginger Decoction) is indicated.
Feeling cold without exposure to wind, yet unwilling to remove clothes despite high body temperature, and feeling cold even in thick clothing or near fire, indicates "Exterior Heat and Interior Cold" (body hot but desiring to keep clothes on). Conversely, feeling cold and desiring to remove clothes indicates "Exterior Cold and Interior Heat".
There is a distinction between Deficiency and Excess patterns: Sweating with aversion to cold indicates Exterior Deficiency, treatable by resolving the muscle layer (Jie Ji); no sweating with aversion to cold indicates Exterior Excess, treatable by inducing sweating.
There is a distinction between Yin and Yang patterns: Aversion to cold with curling up and a deep, fine, and tight pulse indicates onset from the Yin meridians, treatable by warming methods; alternating chills and fever indicates onset from the Yang meridians, treatable by inducing sweating.
In cases of Qi deficiency following vomiting, purging, or excessive sweating, where aversion to cold worsens and the pulse is faint, Shaoyao Fuzi Gancao Tang (Peony, Aconite, and Licorice Decoction) is indicated.
There is a distinction between Yin Excess and Yang Excess.
When Yin-Cold Qi is excessive and Yang Qi is insufficient, the mouth feels neutral (neither bitter nor dry); Fuzi Tang (Aconite Decoction) is prescribed.
When Yang Qi sinks inward and Yin Qi is insufficient, causing dryness in the mouth, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is used to restore fluids.
Sensitivity to wind causes aversion; staying in a sealed room brings comfort and lack of fear. Exposure to fans or drafts causes a shivering sensation of aversion. It is said that patients feel aversion to wind even when there is no actual wind, manifesting as gooseflesh on the skin. Generally, diseases of the Three Yang meridians present with aversion to wind, whereas diseases of the Three Yin meridians do not.
There is a distinction between Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Zhongfeng (Wind Strike): No sweating indicates Shanghan; sweating indicates Zhongfeng.
There is a distinction between Yang collapse and Wind-Dampness: Excessive sweating leading to Yang collapse and continuous leakage of sweat indicates failure of the defensive Wei Qi to secure the exterior; Fuzi Guizhi Tang (Aconite and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is used to warm the channels and consolidate the Wei Qi. When Wind and Dampness contend, causing severe joint pain, with dampness predominance, spontaneous sweating, loose pores, and aversion to wind, Gancao Fuzi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction) is indicated.