(图附后)
浮 在皮肤,按之不足,举之有余,虚也。
人迎(风邪在表。) 气口(阴阳耗散)
左寸(因风头痛心昏有热。) 右寸(宿食滞气肺风逆喘。)
左关(因胁下满。) 右关(脾食伤胃风。) 趺阳(胃滞。)
左尺(如经。) 右尺(腰肿脚弱。)
芤 与浮相似,血虚也。
人迎(风热血涌。) 气口(积血在胸。)
左寸(衄血。) 右寸(血。)
关上(脾胃虚热肠痈便血。) 尺中(血淋。)
滑 浮中如有力,漉漉如欲脱,与数相似,为实,下阳气衰。
左寸(伏痰外热。) 右寸
左关(蓄血在肝。) 右关(痰积。) 趺阳(胃气不行。)
左尺(因邪相干,腰痛。) 右尺(便精遗沥滞下。)
实 大长微弦强。为痛,呕,风寒。
人迎(风寒热盛。) 气口(喘嗽上迫。)
左寸(气壅咽喉,胸中痛;尿血不利。) 右寸(如经身热大便秘。)
左关(肝实血多肋下痛。) 右关(胃实脾虚,为痛为呕,食不消,大便不利。)
左尺(小腹痛,小便不禁。) 右尺
弦 浮紧为弦。为水气、中虚、寒癖、拘急、饮疟。
左寸(风寒相侵,头痛心痛。) 右寸(痰饮宿食。)
左关(筋急、疟疾、忿怒、血聚。) 右关(胃脘寒痛。)
左尺(如经。) 右尺(腰痛,小腹拘急。)
紧 数如切绳,为寒。
人迎(感寒。) 气口(头痛拘急。)
左寸(心痛或虚。) 右寸(咳嗽喘急。)
左关(两肋痛满。) 右关(胃痛,蛔。)
左尺(如经。) 右尺(寒湿在下焦。)
洪 与浮大相似。为气、热。
人迎(寒壅诸阳。) 气口(气实攻搏。)
左寸(实热。) 右寸(疝气燥结伤食。)
左关(风热在肝。) 右关(反胃,胃热。)
左尺(如经。) 右尺(热在下焦。)
微 极细而软,似有似无,按之欲尽,轻手乃得,一日小,一日薄,一日手下快,与涩相似,为虚。
左寸(亡汗。) 右寸(吐血。)
左关(肝虚少血。) 右关(如经。)
左尺(如经。) 右尺(失气遗泄。)
沉 为水实。鬼疰。
左寸(血实。) 右寸(气实。)
人迎(寒搏阴经。) 气口(血滞而凝。)
左关(血癖在肋下。) 右关
左尺(如经。) 右尺(腿膝疼。)
缓 浮大而软,与迟相似。为虚。
人迎(风、虚烦、喘。) 气口(怒极伤筋。)
左寸(血虚头痛眩晕。) 右寸(肺风乘胀如经。)
左关(风痹、血耗、筋脉弛张。) 右关(风热燥结。)
左尺(遗沥。) 右尺(如经,肾虚。)
涩 细而迟,往来难,且或一止复来,浮而短,又短而止。为少血,寒湿。
左寸(短气,心血少。) 右寸(如经。)
左关(如经。) 右关(胃气不足,如经。)
左尺(如经,困惫。) 右尺(大便难,小便数。)
迟 三至,按之牢,举不足,按有余。为寒。
左寸(心寒痛。) 右寸(咽酸。)
左关(血涩,胁下痛。) 右关(如经。)
左尺(大便难,水谷不化。) 右尺(如经。)
伏 至骨方得。为实、水气、痰饮。
人迎(寒湿。) 气口(积聚。)
左寸(如经。) 右寸(肺痿,痰。)
左关(惊悸,水泄。) 右关(如经。)
左尺(疝瘕,冷凝在下。) 右尺(水谷不化。)
濡 极软而浮细,按之无,举之有余,轻手乃得,与迟弱相似。为虚。
左寸(如经阳弱恶寒,肾邪入于心。) 右寸(唾涎沫,飧泄,虚喘息。)
左关(筋弱纵缓。) 右关(湿,虚冷。)
左尺(小便难,虚。) 右尺(脚痹。)
弱 极软而沉细,举之无,按之乃得。为虚、悸、热。
左寸(如经,阳虚。) 右寸(气虚短。)
人迎(风湿纵缓。) 气口(筋骨弛。)
左关(风热入肝,血虚。) 右关(脾弱多泄少食,胃或客热。)
左尺(如经,虚。) 右尺(大便溏滞下。)
细 略大于微,常有,但细耳。为血气俱虚。
人迎(湿中诸经。) 气口(少气涎凝。)
左寸(心虚劳神。) 右寸(气忧伤。)
左关(惊悸,胁痛,肝血少。) 右关(如经,血耗。)
左尺 右尺(遗泄小便利。)
数 为虚热。
人迎(风壅燥盛。) 气口(阴虚阳并。)
左关(怒,血虚筋急。) 右关(脾热食症。)
左尺(如经。) 右尺(大便难,热在下。)
动 见关上,无头尾,大如豆,动摇不进不走。为痛、虚、惊。
左寸(心惊神恐。) 右寸(寒极冷痛。)
左关(血虚。) 右关(脾泄为痛。)
左尺(真气俱竭。)
虚 迟大而软,按之不足,豁然空虚也。
人迎(冒暑气泄。) 气口(血气走越)
左寸(心虚神不安。) 右寸(肺虚邪易侵。)
左关( 虚血少。) 右关(脾虚寒泄。)
左尺( 精漏) 右尺(伤暑。)
促 去来数而一止复来。皆以痰饮,气血留滞不下。
结 去来缓,时一止,复来。皆积。
革代散同图。
动 为恐、为痛、为惊、为革。
革代散死,又革为虚寒。
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高下大小体也
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(脉象图附在书后)
浮脉:脉位表浅,位于皮肤之下,重按感觉力量不足,轻取则感觉有余,主虚证。
人迎穴部位见浮脉,提示风邪侵袭体表。气口脉部位见浮脉,提示阴阳之气耗散。
左寸部见浮脉,多因风邪导致头痛、心神昏蒙且有热象。右寸部见浮脉,多为宿食停滞、气机不畅,或肺受风邪逆乱而致喘息。
左关部见浮脉,多因胁下胀满。右关部见浮脉,多为脾伤饮食、胃受风邪。趺阳脉见浮脉,提示胃气阻滞。
左尺部见浮脉,如经文中所述(指常规或特定经文描述)。右尺部见浮脉,提示腰部肿胀、下肢软弱无力。
芤脉:与浮脉相似,但中空外坚,主血虚证。
人迎穴部位见芤脉,提示风热炽盛、血液上涌。气口脉部位见芤脉,提示胸中有积血。
左寸部见芤脉,提示鼻衄或吐血等出血症状。右寸部见芤脉,提示肺部出血。
关上部位见芤脉,提示脾胃虚弱有热,或患肠痈、便血。尺中部位见芤脉,提示血淋(尿中带血且淋漓涩痛)。
滑脉:脉来流利,似有力,往来流畅如珠走盘,与数脉相似,主实证,但若阳气衰微时亦可见此脉(注:此处原文“下阳气衰”可能有误或指特殊语境,通常滑主实,但结合上下文保留原意翻译为实,并提及阳气情况)。
左寸部见滑脉,提示伏痰内停、外感发热。右寸部见滑脉(原文未详述具体病症,仅列脉位)。
左关部见滑脉,提示肝经蓄血。右关部见滑脉,提示痰饮积聚。趺阳脉见滑脉,提示胃气运行不畅。
左尺部见滑脉,提示邪气相争,导致腰痛。右尺部见滑脉,提示遗精、小便淋漓不尽或痢疾。
实脉:脉形大而长,略微弦硬强劲。主疼痛、呕吐,以及风寒之邪。
人迎穴部位见实脉,提示风寒热邪亢盛。气口脉部位见实脉,提示气喘咳嗽,气机上迫。
左寸部见实脉,提示气机壅塞于咽喉,胸中疼痛,小便不利或尿血。右寸部见实脉,如经文中所述,伴有身热、大便秘结。
左关部见实脉,提示肝实血多,胁下疼痛。右关部见实脉,提示胃实脾虚,表现为疼痛、呕吐、食物不消化、大便不通利。
左尺部见实脉,提示小腹痛,小便失禁。右尺部见实脉(原文未详述具体病症)。
弦脉:脉来端直以长,如按琴弦,浮紧即为弦。主水饮内停、中气虚弱、寒癖(寒性积块)、拘急痉挛、疟疾。
左寸部见弦脉,提示风寒相互侵袭,导致头痛、心痛。右寸部见弦脉,提示痰饮、宿食停滞。
左关部见弦脉,提示筋脉拘急、疟疾、愤怒情绪、血液瘀聚。右关部见弦脉,提示胃脘寒冷疼痛。
左尺部见弦脉,如经文中所述。右尺部见弦脉,提示腰痛,小腹拘急疼痛。
紧脉:脉来紧张有力,状如切绳,主寒证。
人迎穴部位见紧脉,提示感受寒邪。气口脉部位见紧脉,提示头痛、身体拘急。
左寸部见紧脉,提示心痛,或因虚所致。右寸部见紧脉,提示咳嗽、气喘急促。
左关部见紧脉,提示两肋疼痛胀满。右关部见紧脉,提示胃痛,或有蛔虫。
左尺部见紧脉,如经文中所述。右尺部见紧脉,提示寒湿邪气在下焦。
洪脉:与浮大脉相似。主气分病、热证。
人迎穴部位见洪脉,提示寒邪壅滞诸阳经。气口脉部位见洪脉,提示气实相互攻搏。
左寸部见洪脉,提示实热证。右寸部见洪脉,提示疝气、燥结、伤食。
左关部见洪脉,提示风热在肝。右关部见洪脉,提示反胃、胃热。
左尺部见洪脉,如经文中所述。右尺部见洪脉,提示热邪在下焦。
微脉:极细极软,似有似无,重按几乎摸不到,轻取才能感觉到,有时形容为一日比一日小、薄,手下感觉快,与涩脉相似,主虚证。
左寸部见微脉,提示大汗亡阳。右寸部见微脉,提示吐血。
左关部见微脉,提示肝虚、血少。右关部见微脉,如经文中所述。
左尺部见微脉,如经文中所述。右尺部见微脉,提示失气(放屁)、遗精泄泻。
沉脉:脉位深沉,主水饮实证、鬼疰(一种慢性消耗性疾病或寄生虫病)。
左寸部见沉脉,提示血实。右寸部见沉脉,提示气实。
人迎穴部位见沉脉,提示寒邪搏结阴经。气口脉部位见沉脉,提示血滞而凝结。
左关部见沉脉,提示胁下有血癖(血瘀积块)。右关部见沉脉(原文未详述具体病症)。
左尺部见沉脉,如经文中所述。右尺部见沉脉,提示腿膝疼痛。
缓脉:脉来浮大而软,与迟脉相似。主虚证。
人迎穴部位见缓脉,提示风邪、虚烦、气喘。气口脉部位见缓脉,提示大怒伤筋。
左寸部见缓脉,提示血虚导致的头痛、眩晕。右寸部见缓脉,提示肺受风邪乘袭导致胀满,如经文中所述。
左关部见缓脉,提示风痹、血耗损、筋脉弛缓松弛。右关部见缓脉,提示风热燥结。
左尺部见缓脉,提示小便淋漓不尽。右尺部见缓脉,如经文中所述,肾虚。
涩脉:脉来细迟,往来艰难,且可能有一止复来的现象,浮取短促,又短又有止歇。主血少、寒湿。
左寸部见涩脉,提示短气,心血不足。右寸部见涩脉,如经文中所述。
左关部见涩脉,如经文中所述。右关部见涩脉,提示胃气不足,如经文中所述。
左尺部见涩脉,如经文中所述,身体困倦疲惫。右尺部见涩脉,提示大便困难,小便频数。
迟脉:一息三至(呼吸一次脉搏跳动三次),重按牢固,轻取感觉不足,重按感觉有余。主寒证。
左寸部见迟脉,提示心寒痛。右寸部见迟脉,提示咽酸。
左关部见迟脉,提示血行涩滞,胁下疼痛。右关部见迟脉,如经文中所述。
左尺部见迟脉,提示大便困难,水谷不消化。右尺部见迟脉,如经文中所述。
伏脉:脉位极深,推筋着骨方可触及。主实证、水饮、痰饮。
人迎穴部位见伏脉,提示寒湿。气口脉部位见伏脉,提示积聚(腹内结块)。
左寸部见伏脉,如经文中所述。右寸部见伏脉,提示肺痿、痰饮。
左关部见伏脉,提示惊悸、水样腹泻。右关部见伏脉,如经文中所述。
左尺部见伏脉,提示疝瘕(腹内结块)、冷凝邪气在下焦。右尺部见伏脉,提示水谷不消化。
濡脉:极软而浮细,重按无脉,轻取有余,轻手乃得,与迟弱脉相似。主虚证。
左寸部见濡脉,如经文中所述,阳气虚弱恶寒,肾邪侵入心脏。右寸部见濡脉,提示唾涎沫、完谷不化的泄泻、虚喘。
左关部见濡脉,提示筋脉软弱纵缓。右关部见濡脉,提示湿邪、虚冷。
左尺部见濡脉,提示小便困难、虚证。右尺部见濡脉,提示脚部麻木痹痛。
弱脉:极软而沉细,轻取无脉,重按才能触及。主虚证、心悸、热证(注:弱脉通常主气血不足,此处依原文记录)。
左寸部见弱脉,如经文中所述,阳虚。右寸部见弱脉,提示气虚短促。
人迎穴部位见弱脉,提示风湿纵缓。气口脉部位见弱脉,提示筋骨弛缓。
左关部见弱脉,提示风热入肝,血虚。右关部见弱脉,提示脾弱多泄、少食,胃或有客热。
左尺部见弱脉,如经文中所述,虚证。右尺部见弱脉,提示大便溏薄、痢疾。
细脉:略大于微脉,常现于指下,只是脉形细小。主气血俱虚。
人迎穴部位见细脉,提示湿邪中伤各条经脉。气口脉部位见细脉,提示少气、涎液凝滞。
左寸部见细脉,提示心虚劳神。右寸部见细脉,提示气忧伤。
左关部见细脉,提示惊悸、胁痛、肝血少。右关部见细脉,如经文中所述,血耗损。
左尺部见细脉(原文未详述)。右尺部见细脉,提示遗精泄泻、小便通利。
数脉:主虚热证。
人迎穴部位见数脉,提示风邪壅滞、燥盛。气口脉部位见数脉,提示阴虚阳并。
左关部见数脉,提示愤怒、血虚筋急。右关部见数脉,提示脾热、食积。
左尺部见数脉,如经文中所述。右尺部见数脉,提示大便困难,热邪在下焦。
动脉:出现在关上部位,无头无尾,大如豆粒,动摇不定,不进不走。主疼痛、虚证、惊恐。
左寸部见动脉,提示心惊神恐。右寸部见动脉,提示极寒冷痛。
左关部见动脉,提示血虚。右关部见动脉,提示脾泄导致疼痛。
左尺部见动脉,提示真气俱竭。
虚脉:脉来迟大而软,按之无力,豁然空虚。
人迎穴部位见虚脉,提示冒暑气导致气泄。气口脉部位见虚脉,提示气血走越(散乱)。
左寸部见虚脉,提示心虚神不安。右寸部见虚脉,提示肺虚邪易侵。
左关部见虚脉,提示血少。右关部见虚脉,提示脾虚寒泄。
左尺部见虚脉,提示精漏。右尺部见虚脉,提示伤暑。
促脉:脉来数而时有止歇,止后复来。多由痰饮、气血留滞不下所致。
结脉:脉来缓而时有止歇,止后复来。多为积聚所致。
革脉、代脉、散脉同图所示。
动脉主恐惧、疼痛、惊恐,也见于革脉。
革脉、代脉、散脉若出现,多为死证;另外革脉也主虚寒。
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高下大小是脉的形体特征。
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**Floating Pulse (Fu Mai):** Located superficially under the skin; pressure reveals insufficiency, while light palpation reveals excess. It indicates a Deficiency syndrome.
- At the *Renying* point (ST9, Renying acupoint): Indicates Wind pathogen in the Exterior.
- At the *Qikou* point (Radial artery at the wrist, representing the Lung channel): Indicates dispersion of Yin and Yang Qi.
- Left Cun position: Due to Wind causing headache, mental cloudiness, and heat.
- Right Cun position: Retained food and stagnant Qi, or Lung Wind leading to counterflow asthma.
- Left Guan position: Due to fullness below the hypochondrium.
- Right Guan position: Spleen injury from diet, Stomach affected by Wind.
- *Duyang* pulse (Radial artery at the foot, ST42 area): Stagnation in the Stomach.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Swelling of the waist, weakness of the legs.
**Kou (Hollow) Pulse:** Similar to Floating, but hollow on the outside and firm inside; indicates Blood deficiency.
- At the *Renying* point: Wind-Heat with surging blood.
- At the *Qikou* point: Accumulated blood in the chest.
- Left Cun position: Epistaxis or hematemesis.
- Right Cun position: Hemoptysis (blood in sputum).
- Guan position: Deficient Heat in Spleen and Stomach, intestinal abscess, hematochezia.
- Chi position: Hematuria with dysuria (Blood Lin).
**Slippery Pulse (Hua Mai):** Feels forceful within the floating layer, flowing smoothly like beads rolling off a plate; similar to Rapid pulse, it indicates Excess. (Note: The text mentions "lower Yang Qi decline," which may refer to specific pathological contexts where Slippery appears despite deficiency, though typically it signifies Excess/Phlegm/Food).
- Left Cun position: Hidden Phlegm with external heat.
- Right Cun position: (No specific symptom listed).
- Left Guan position: Accumulated blood in the Liver.
- Right Guan position: Phlegm accumulation.
- *Duyang* pulse: Stomach Qi not moving properly.
- Left Chi position: Pathogenic interference causing lower back pain.
- Right Chi position: Spermatorrhea, dribbling urine, or dysentery.
**Excess Pulse (Shi Mai):** Large, long, slightly wiry and strong. Indicates pain, vomiting, and Cold-Wind pathogens.
- At the *Renying* point: Exuberant Cold, Wind, and Heat.
- At the *Qikou* point: Asthma and coughing with forced upward Qi.
- Left Cun position: Qi congestion in the throat, chest pain; difficult urination or hematuria.
- Right Cun position: As described in the classics, accompanied by body heat and constipation.
- Left Guan position: Liver Excess with excessive blood, pain below the ribs.
- Right Guan position: Stomach Excess and Spleen Deficiency, causing pain, vomiting, indigestion, and difficult defecation.
- Left Chi position: Lower abdominal pain, urinary incontinence.
- Right Chi position: (No specific symptom listed).
**Wiry Pulse (Xian Mai):** Floating and tight constitutes Wiry. Indicates fluid retention, Middle Jiao deficiency, Cold masses (Han Pi), spasms/tightness, and malaria.
- Left Cun position: Invasion of Cold-Wind, causing headache and heart pain.
- Right Cun position: Phlegm-fluids and retained food.
- Left Guan position: Tendon spasm, malaria, anger, blood stasis.
- Right Guan position: Cold pain in the epigastrium.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Lower back pain, lower abdominal spasms.
**Tight Pulse (Jin Mai):** Numerous and tense like a cut rope; indicates Cold.
- At the *Renying* point: Contracted by Cold.
- At the *Qikou* point: Headache and stiffness.
- Left Cun position: Heart pain, or due to Deficiency.
- Right Cun position: Cough and rapid breathing.
- Left Guan position: Pain and fullness in both hypochondria.
- Right Guan position: Stomach pain, roundworms.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Cold-Dampness in the Lower Jiao.
**Surging Pulse (Hong Mai):** Similar to Floating and Large. Indicates Qi disorders and Heat.
- At the *Renying* point: Cold obstructing the Yang meridians.
- At the *Qikou* point: Excess Qi attacking and struggling.
- Left Cun position: Excess Heat.
- Right Cun position: Hernia, dryness and obstruction, food injury.
- Left Guan position: Wind-Heat in the Liver.
- Right Guan position: Regurgitation, Stomach Heat.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Heat in the Lower Jiao.
**Fine/Micro Pulse (Wei Mai):** Extremely fine and soft, seeming to exist yet not, almost disappearing upon pressure, only felt with light touch. Sometimes described as becoming smaller, thinner, or faster under the fingers daily; similar to Choppy pulse, it indicates Deficiency.
- Left Cun position: Loss of sweat (profuse sweating leading to collapse).
- Right Cun position: Hematemesis.
- Left Guan position: Liver Deficiency with little blood.
- Right Guan position: As described in the classics.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Flatulence, spermatorrhea/diarrhea.
**Deep Pulse (Chen Mai):** Indicates Water Excess and Gui Zhu (a chronic wasting disease or parasitic infection).
- Left Cun position: Blood Excess.
- Right Cun position: Qi Excess.
- At the *Renying* point: Cold clashing with Yin meridians.
- At the *Qikou* point: Blood stagnation and coagulation.
- Left Guan position: Blood mass (Pi) below the ribs.
- Right Guan position: (No specific symptom listed).
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Pain in legs and knees.
**Lax/Slow Pulse (Huan Mai):** Floating, large, and soft; similar to Slow pulse. Indicates Deficiency.
- At the *Renying* point: Wind, deficient irritability, asthma.
- At the *Qikou* point: Extreme anger injuring tendons.
- Left Cun position: Blood Deficiency causing headache and vertigo.
- Right Cun position: Lung Wind causing distension, as described in the classics.
- Left Guan position: Wind Bi, blood consumption, tendon and vessel laxity.
- Right Guan position: Wind-Heat and dryness/obstruction.
- Left Chi position: Urinary dribbling.
- Right Chi position: As described in the classics, Kidney Deficiency.
**Choppy Pulse (Se Mai):** Fine and slow, difficult to move forward, sometimes stopping and then resuming. Floating feels short, and also stops intermittently. Indicates insufficient Blood and Cold-Dampness.
- Left Cun position: Shortness of breath, insufficient Heart Blood.
- Right Cun position: As described in the classics.
- Left Guan position: As described in the classics.
- Right Guan position: Insufficient Stomach Qi, as described in the classics.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics, exhaustion/fatigue.
- Right Chi position: Difficult defecation, frequent urination.
**Slow Pulse (Chi Mai):** Three beats per respiratory cycle. Firm upon deep pressure, insufficient upon lifting, sufficient upon pressing. Indicates Cold.
- Left Cun position: Cold pain in the Heart.
- Right Cun position: Acid regurgitation in the throat.
- Left Guan position: Stagnant blood, pain below the ribs.
- Right Guan position: As described in the classics.
- Left Chi position: Difficult defecation, undigested food/water in stool.
- Right Chi position: As described in the classics.
**Hidden Pulse (Fu Mai):** Only felt when pressed to the bone. Indicates Excess, water retention, and phlegm-fluids.
- At the *Renying* point: Cold-Dampness.
- At the *Qikou* point: Accumulations and masses.
- Left Cun position: As described in the classics.
- Right Cun position: Lung萎 (Lung atrophy/flaccidity), phlegm.
- Left Guan position: Palpitations, watery diarrhea.
- Right Guan position: As described in the classics.
- Left Chi position: Hernia and masses, cold condensation in the lower part.
- Right Chi position: Undigested food/water in stool.
**Soggy Pulse (Ru Mai):** Extremely soft, floating, and fine; disappears upon pressure, felt upon lifting/light touch. Similar to Slow and Weak pulses. Indicates Deficiency.
- Left Cun position: As described in the classics, Yang weakness with aversion to cold, Kidney pathogen entering the Heart.
- Right Cun position: Saliva and froth, incomplete digestion diarrhea, deficient panting.
- Left Guan position: Weak and relaxed tendons.
- Right Guan position: Dampness, deficient cold.
- Left Chi position: Difficult urination, Deficiency.
- Right Chi position: Numbness and bi-syndrome in the feet.
**Weak Pulse (Ruo Mai):** Extremely soft, deep, and fine; not felt upon lifting, only upon pressing. Indicates Deficiency, palpitations, and Heat (Note: Typically indicates Qi/Blood deficiency, but text lists Heat).
- Left Cun position: As described in the classics, Yang Deficiency.
- Right Cun position: Qi Deficiency with shortness of breath.
- At the *Renying* point: Wind-Dampness causing relaxation.
- At the *Qikou* point: Relaxation of sinews and bones.
- Left Guan position: Wind-Heat entering the Liver, Blood Deficiency.
- Right Guan position: Spleen weakness with frequent diarrhea and poor appetite, or Guest Heat in the Stomach.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics, Deficiency.
- Right Chi position: Loose stools and dysentery.
**Thready/Fine Pulse (Xi Mai):** Slightly larger than Micro pulse, constantly present, but merely thin. Indicates joint Deficiency of Qi and Blood.
- At the *Renying* point: Dampness affecting various meridians.
- At the *Qikou* point: Scanty Qi and congealed saliva.
- Left Cun position: Heart Deficiency with laborious spirit/mind.
- Right Cun position: Qi sadness/grief.
- Left Guan position: Palpitations, hypochondriac pain, scant Liver Blood.
- Right Guan position: As described in the classics, blood consumption.
- Left Chi position: (No specific symptom listed).
- Right Chi position: Spermatorrhea/diarrhea, free urination.
**Rapid Pulse (Shu Mai):** Indicates Deficient Heat.
- At the *Renying* point: Wind congestion and dryness exuberance.
- At the *Qikou* point: Yin Deficiency with Yang merging.
- Left Guan position: Anger, Blood Deficiency with tendon spasm.
- Right Guan position: Spleen Heat and food stagnation.
- Left Chi position: As described in the classics.
- Right Chi position: Difficult defecation, Heat in the lower part.
**Moving Pulse (Dong Mai):** Seen at the Guan position, without head or tail, large like a bean, trembling without advancing or retreating. Indicates pain, Deficiency, and fright.
- Left Cun position: Heart fright and spiritual fear.
- Right Cun position: Extreme cold and cold pain.
- Left Guan position: Blood Deficiency.
- Right Guan position: Spleen diarrhea causing pain.
- Left Chi position: Exhaustion of True Qi.
**Deficient Pulse (Xu Mai):** Slow, large, and soft; pressure reveals insufficiency, feeling suddenly empty.
- At the *Renying* point: Exposure to summer-heat causing Qi leakage.
- At the *Qikou* point: Qi and Blood scattering.
- Left Cun position: Heart Deficiency with unsettled spirit.
- Right Cun position: Lung Deficiency making one susceptible to pathogens.
- Left Guan position: Deficiency with little blood.
- Right Guan position: Spleen Deficiency with cold diarrhea.
- Left Chi position: Essence leakage.
- Right Chi position: Summer-heat injury.
**Hasty Pulse (Cu Mai):** Rapid coming and going with intermittent pauses that resume. Caused by phlegm-fluids, Qi and Blood stagnation failing to descend.
**Knotted Pulse (Jie Mai):** Slow coming and going with occasional pauses that resume. Indicates accumulations and masses.
**Leather (Ge), Intermittent (Dai), and Scattered (San) pulses are shown in the same figure.**
**Moving Pulse:** Indicates fear, pain, and fright; also associated with Leather pulse.
**Leather, Intermittent, and Scattered pulses indicate death/severe prognosis; additionally, Leather pulse indicates Deficient Cold.**
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Height, depth, size, and smallness constitute the physical form of the pulse.
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