因寒客之则阻不行，有热内生郁而不散，有死血，有食积，有湿痰结滞，妨碍
升降，故痛当分部分治。
小腹痛 厥阴也，正阳回阳四逆加归主之。
杂症而痛 苦楝丸、丁香楝实丸、酒煮当归丸主之。
腹中不和而痛者 甘草芍药汤主之，或误下而痛加桂，痛甚加大黄。
夏月肌热恶寒脉洪实而痛 黄芩芍药汤主之。
中气虚而痛 饥而痛者是理中汤主之。
诸虫痛者 如腹痛肿聚往来无有休止，涎出吐清水。
痰积腹痛隐隐然，得热汤辛物则暂止者是。
理中、建中 治寒腹痛及虚证。
调胃承气加木香槟榔 治热腹痛及实证，或血加桂、桃仁；温加附。
温中加减丸 治食积腹痛，脉滑者是。
二陈芎术丸 治清痰腹痛，脉滑者是。
二陈汤 台芎 苍术 香附 白芷 姜汁
心痛有 心胞客寒、心胞热、虚、宿食留饮。
脾积胸痹、胸痛有积实、腹痛同前条。
外有香港脚、小腹痛者有肝痹、胞痹、疝、筋虚、肠痈。
脉大者，肾虚；涩者，瘀血；尺脉粗者，热。
由肾虚而起于内，盖失志伤肾、郁怒伤肝、忧心伤脾，皆致腰痛也。故
使气结而不行，血停不散，遂成虚损，气血羸乏。
又房劳太过、失志者，虚羸不足而黑，远行久立身不能任。
郁怒者，腹急、胁胀、目魂 。
忧思者，肌肉濡渍，痹而不仁，饮食不化，肠胃胀满。
房劳者，精血不足，转摇不得。
有湿热为病，亦因肾虚而生，肾虚水涸，相火而炽，无所荣制，故湿热相搏而成。
亦有虚劳外感湿气，内热不行而成党痼。湿热者，四肢缓，足寒腰冷如水汗，精滑扇痛。
有瘀血用力过多，坠堕折胸，瘀血不行。
有外感因虚袭之，如太阳腰痛，引项尻重。
阳明腰痛，不可以顾，善悲。
少阳如刺其皮，不可HT 仰。
太阴烦热，如横木在中，遗溺。
少阴引脊内。
厥阴如张弩弦。
大抵太阳、少阴多中寒；阳明、太阴多燥湿；少阳、厥阴多风热。
腰软者，肾肝伏热，治宜黄柏、防己。
羌活汤 治腰痛。
羌活 独活 柴胡 防风 肉桂 当归
如卧寒湿之地，是太阳少阴络中有凝血，加归尾、桃仁、苍术、防己。
如湿热加黄柏、苍术、杜仲、川芎。
如虚，加杜仲、黄柏、知母、五味、龟板、当归。
如坠堕瘀血，加桃仁、苏木、麝香、水蛭。
肾气丸 治房劳腰痛，补阳乏不足。即八味丸。
茴香丸 鹿茸丸 治同前。
六味地黄丸 治膏梁之人腰痛，补阴之不足。
封髓丹 治同前。
煨肾丸 治肾虚。
杜仲（炒去丝）断为末三钱，以猪腰一个，批五七片，以盐淹去腥水，掺
末在内，包以荷叶，外用重重湿纸包定煨，酒下。
立效散 玄胡 桂 川归 酒下。
挫气腰痛 山楂（一两） 北茴香（炒一钱半） 酒下。
因为寒邪侵袭导致气血阻滞不通，有热邪内生郁结而不得发散，有死血（瘀血），有食积，有湿痰凝结阻滞，妨碍了气机的升降运行，所以腹痛应当根据疼痛部位的不同进行辨证治疗。
腹中不和而疼痛的，用甘草芍药汤主治；如果是误用攻下法后出现的疼痛，加桂枝；疼痛剧烈的，加大黄。
夏季身体发热、恶寒、脉象洪大有力且伴有疼痛的，用黄芩芍药汤主治。
各种虫积引起的疼痛，表现为腹部肿块聚散无常、往来不停，口吐涎沫清水。
痰积引起的腹痛隐隐作痛，喝热汤或吃辛辣食物后暂时缓解的，属于此类。
调胃承气汤加木香、槟榔用于治疗热性腹痛及实证，如果有瘀血加桂枝、桃仁；如果兼有温邪加附子。
二陈芎术丸用于治疗清痰（风痰）引起的腹痛，脉象滑利的属于此类。
外部病症如脚气、小腹痛，涉及肝痹、胞痹、疝气、筋脉虚弱、肠痈。
脉象大的，是肾虚；脉象涩的，是瘀血；尺部脉搏粗大的，是有热。
腰痛由肾虚引起，根源在内，因失志伤肾、郁怒伤肝、忧心伤脾，都会导致腰痛。因此使气机结滞而不行，血液停滞而不散，最终形成虚损，气血衰弱。
又是房事过度、意志消沉的人，身体虚弱消瘦且面色发黑，长途行走或久立则身体难以承受。
房劳过度的人，精血不足，腰部转动困难。
有湿热为病，也是因肾虚而生，肾虚则水液枯竭，相火炽盛，无所制约，所以湿热相互搏结而形成。
也有虚劳之人外感湿气，内热不行而成为顽固性疾病。湿热证表现为四肢弛缓，足冷腰冷如水汗出，遗精滑泄，睾丸疼痛。
有外感因素因正气虚弱而侵袭，如太阳经腰痛，牵引项部和臀部沉重。
阳明经腰痛，不能回顾，容易悲伤。
少阳经腰痛如针刺皮肤，不能俯仰。
少阴经腰痛牵引脊柱内部。
大体而言，太阳经、少阴经多中寒邪；阳明经、太阴经多燥湿邪；少阳经、厥阴经多风热邪。
羌活汤用于治疗腰痛。组成：羌活、独活、柴胡、防风、肉桂、当归。
如果卧于寒湿之地，是太阳、少阴络脉中有凝血，加当归尾、桃仁、苍术、防己。
封髓丹治疗同上。
杜仲（炒去丝）研成末三钱，取猪腰一个，切成五七片，用盐腌制去腥水，将药末掺入其中，用荷叶包裹，外面再用多层湿纸包好煨熟，酒后送服。
Because cold pathogen invades and obstructs the flow, heat generated internally remains stagnant and does not dissipate, there is dead blood (stasis), food stagnation, and damp-phlegm accumulation blocking the movement, hindering the ascending and descending of Qi. Therefore, abdominal pain should be treated according to its specific location.
Pain in the lower abdomen belongs to the Jueyin channel; it is primarily treated with Zhengyang Huiyang Sini Decoction plus Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis).
For pain caused by miscellaneous diseases, Koushen Wan (Toosendan Fruit Pill), Dingxiang Lianshi Wan (Clove Toosendan Fruit Pill), or Jiu Zhu Danggui Wan (Wine-Boiled Danggui Pill) are used.
For disharmony in the abdomen causing pain, Gancao Shaoyao Tang (Licorice and Peony Decoction) is used; if pain results from mistaken purgative treatment, add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig); for severe pain, add Dahuang (Rhubarb Root).
In summer, when the body feels hot, aversion to cold, the pulse is surging and solid, accompanied by pain, Huangqin Shaoyao Tang (Scutellaria and Peony Decoction) is used.
For pain due to deficiency of Middle Qi, where pain worsens on an empty stomach, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is used.
For pain caused by various parasites, symptoms include abdominal masses gathering and dispersing without cessation, and vomiting of saliva and clear water.
For abdominal pain caused by phlegm accumulation, characterized by dull pain that temporarily relieves after consuming hot soup or spicy foods, this pattern applies.
Lizhong Tang and Jianzhong Tang treat cold-type abdominal pain and deficiency syndromes.
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction) plus Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) and Binglang (Areca Seed) treats heat-type abdominal pain and excess syndromes; if blood stasis is present, add Guizhi and Taoren (Peach Kernel); if warmth is involved, add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root).
Wenzhong Jiajian Wan (Modify Warm the Middle Pill) treats abdominal pain due to food stagnation, applicable when the pulse is slippery.
Erchen Xiongzhu Wan (Two-Cured Xiongzhu Pill) treats abdominal pain due to clear wind-phlegm, applicable when the pulse is slippery.
Erchen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) composition: Taixiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), taken with ginger juice.
Heart pain includes: Cold invading the Pericardium, Heat in the Pericardium, Deficiency, and retained food/fluid.
Spleen accumulation leading to chest bi (obstruction) and chest pain involves Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus); abdominal pain follows the previous section.
External conditions such as jiaoqi (foot disease), lower abdominal pain involve Ganbi (Liver Bi), Paobi (Bladder Bi), hernia, tendon deficiency, and Changyong (Intestinal Abscess).
A large pulse indicates Kidney deficiency; a choppy pulse indicates blood stasis; a coarse pulse at the Chi position indicates heat.
Low back pain arising from Kidney deficiency originates internally; loss of will injures the Kidney, depression/anger injures the Liver, and worry/sorrow injures the Spleen, all leading to low back pain. Thus, Qi becomes knotted and fails to move, blood stagnates and fails to disperse, eventually resulting in deficiency damage, with weakened Qi and Blood.
Furthermore, those with excessive sexual activity or loss of will suffer from deficiency emaciation and blackened complexion, unable to bear long walks or prolonged standing.
Those with depression and anger experience abdominal tightness, hypochondriac distension, and unstable vision (Muhun).
Those with worry and thought suffer from muscle maceration, numbness and insensitivity, undigested food, and intestinal/gastric fullness.
Those with sexual exhaustion suffer from insufficient Essence and Blood, and inability to rotate the waist.
Damp-heat pathology also arises from Kidney deficiency; when Kidney Water is depleted, Ministerial Fire blazes uncontrollably, so damp-heat combines to form the condition.
There are also cases of chronic deficiency labor combined with external dampness invasion, where internal heat fails to circulate, becoming entrenched. Damp-heat presents with flaccid limbs, cold feet, cold waist like sweating water, seminal emission, and orchalgia.
Blood stasis occurs from excessive exertion, falling, or chest trauma, causing blood stasis to remain immobile.
External pathogens invade due to deficiency, such as Taiyang low back pain pulling the neck and buttocks heavily.
Yangming low back pain prevents turning the head and is associated with sadness.
Shaoyang low back pain feels like skin pricking, preventing flexion and extension.
Taiyin low back pain involves irritability and heat, feeling like a horizontal log in the middle, with urinary incontinence.
Shaoyin low back pain pulls inward along the spine.
Jueyin low back pain feels like a drawn bowstring.
Generally, Taiyang and Shaoyin channels often involve cold pathogen; Yangming and Taiyin often involve dryness and dampness; Shaoyang and Jueyin often involve wind-heat.
Softness of the waist indicates latent heat in the Liver and Kidney; treatment should use Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) and Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix).
Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygii Rhizoma Decoction) treats low back pain. Composition: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix).
If lying in cold-damp places, indicating coagulated blood in Taiyang and Shaoyin collaterals, add Dangguiwei (Danggui Tail), Taoren, Cangzhu, and Fangji.
If damp-heat, add Huangbai, Cangzhu, Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex), and Chuanxiong.
If deficiency, add Duzhong, Huangbai, Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Guiban (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), and Danggui.
If trauma-induced blood stasis, add Taoren, Sumu (Calami Wood), Shexiang (Moschus), and Shuizhi (Hirudo).
Shenqi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill) treats low back pain due to sexual exhaustion, tonifying Yang deficiency. It is the same as Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill).
Huixiang Wan (Fennel Pill) and Lurong Wan (Deer Antler Pill) treat the above.
Liujun Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) treats low back pain in people consuming rich/fatty foods, tonifying Yin deficiency.
Fengsui Dan (Seal Marrow Pill) treats the above.
Wei Shen Wan (Roasted Kidney Pill) treats Kidney deficiency.
Duzhong (Stir-fried to remove silk fibers) ground into powder, 3 qian; take one pig kidney, sliced 5-7 pieces, marinated in salt to remove fishiness, sprinkle powder inside, wrap in lotus leaf, then wrap tightly in multiple layers of wet paper and roast. Take with wine.
Lixiao San (Instant Effect Powder) composition: Yuanhu (Corydalis Rhizoma), Guizhi, Chuan Gui (Chuanxiong and Danggui), taken with wine.
Cuqi Low Back Pain (Qi-Stagnation Low Back Pain): ShanZha (Crataegi Fructus, 1 liang), Beihuixiang (Northern Fennel Seed, stir-fried 1.5 qian), taken with wine.