雍曰。脉经与可刺不可刺二门所载素问灵枢经语又有异者。今
改从本经。字有当者。即从脉经。仍据所出之处。以别非仲景之言。
灵枢经曰。九刺之禁。新内勿刺。已刺勿内。大怒勿刺。已
刺勿怒。方醉勿刺。已刺勿醉。大劳勿刺。已刺勿劳。大饥勿
刺。已刺勿饥。大渴勿刺。已刺勿渴。大惊大恐。必定其气。乃刺
之。
又曰。粗工勿察。是谓伐身。
灵枢又曰。毋刺 之热。毋刺漉漉之汗。毋刺浑浑之脉。此刺
病与脉相逆者。
又曰。五脏之 出于背者。灸之则可。刺之则不可。
灵枢又曰。热病身热甚。阴阳皆静(脉经作争)者。勿刺之。其可
刺者。急取之。不汗出则泄。所谓勿刺者。有死征也。
灵枢又曰。上工刺其未生者也。其次刺其未盛者也。其次刺其
已衰者也。脉经云。粗工逆此。谓之伐形。
灵枢又曰。热病不可刺者有九。一曰。汗不出。大颧发赤。哕者
死。二曰。泄而腹满甚者死。三曰。目不明。热不已者死。四曰。老人
婴儿。热而腹满甚者死。五曰。汗不出。吐下血者死。六曰。舌本烂。
热不已者死。七曰。咳而衄。汗不出。出不至足者死。八曰。髓热者
死。九曰。热而痉者死。凡此九者。不可刺也。脉经无此。素问灵枢禁
不刺者甚多。详见补亡禁刺门。
仲景曰。太阳伤寒者。加温针必惊也。常氏云。宜服救逆汤。
郭雍说:《脉经》中“可刺”与“不可刺”两个门类所记载的《素问》和《灵枢经》的内容,彼此之间又有不同之处。现在(我)决定遵从本经(指《伤寒论》所属体系或作者认定的权威版本)。如果文字有应当采纳的地方,就依据《脉经》。仍然根据这些内容出处,来辨别哪些不是张仲景的话。
《灵枢经》说:九种针刺禁忌是:刚行房事后不要针刺,已针刺后不要行房事;大怒时不要针刺,已针刺后不要发怒;醉酒时不要针刺,已针刺后不要饮酒致醉;极度疲劳时不要针刺,已针刺后不要过度劳累;极度饥饿时不要针刺,已针刺后不要处于饥饿状态;极度口渴时不要针刺,已针刺后不要处于极度口渴状态;受大惊大恐惊吓时,必须等患者气机安定之后,才能针刺。
又说:粗疏的医生如果不察辨这些情况,这就叫做损伤身体。
《灵枢经》又说:脉搏像水波滚滚混乱不清的热病不要针刺;汗出淋漓不止的热病不要针刺;脉象浑浑乱乱的不要针刺。这些都是病情与脉象相逆的情况,不宜针刺。
《灵枢经》又说:热病患者身体发热严重,但阴阳脉象都显得沉静(《脉经》作“争”,即躁动),这种情况不要针刺。那些可以针刺的情况,应迅速取穴治疗,如果不通过发汗排出邪气,就会导致泄泻。所谓“不要针刺”,是指出现了死亡的征兆。
《灵枢经》又说:高明的医生在疾病尚未发生时就进行干预(治未病);其次是在病势尚未亢盛时进行干预;再次是在病势已经衰退时进行干预。《脉经》说:粗疏的医生违背了这些原则,这就叫做损害形体。
《灵枢经》又说:热病有九种不可针刺的情况。第一,不出汗,两侧颧骨发红,并伴有呃逆的,预后死亡。第二,腹泻且腹部胀满严重的,预后死亡。第三,视物不明,发热不退的,预后死亡。第四,老人和婴儿,发热且腹部胀满严重的,预后死亡。第五,不出汗,呕吐和下血(便血/尿血)的,预后死亡。第六,舌根腐烂,发热不退的,预后死亡。第七,咳嗽兼鼻衄(流鼻血),不出汗,或者出汗不能达于足部的,预后死亡。第八,骨髓发热的,预后死亡。第九,发热且出现抽搐痉挛的,预后死亡。以上这九种情况,都不可针刺。《脉经》中没有这段记载。《素问》和《灵枢经》中禁止针刺的情况非常多,详见《补亡禁刺门》。
Guo Yong stated: The contents from the *Suwen* (Basic Questions) and *Lingjing* (Spiritual Pivot) recorded in the "Indications for Acupuncture" and "Contraindications for Acupuncture" sections of the *Maijing* (Pulse Classic) differ from each other. Now, I shall follow the original classic (referring to the authoritative text within this context). Where characters are appropriate, I will refer to the *Maijing*. I still rely on their sources to distinguish which statements do not belong to Zhang Zhongjing.
The *Lingjing* states: There are nine prohibitions for acupuncture. Do not needle immediately after sexual intercourse; do not have sexual intercourse after needling. Do not needle when extremely angry; do not become angry after needling. Do not needle when drunk; do not drink alcohol after needling. Do not needle when severely fatigued; do not exert yourself excessively after needling. Do not needle when extremely hungry; do not remain hungry after needling. Do not needle when extremely thirsty; do not remain thirsty after needling. When suffering from great fright or terror, one must wait until the Qi is stabilized before needling.
It further states: A crude physician who fails to observe these rules is said to be destroying the body.
The *Lingjing* also states: Do not needle heat diseases where the pulse is turbulent and chaotic like rolling waves. Do not needle heat diseases with profuse, dripping sweat. Do not needle where the pulse is disordered and confused. These represent situations where the disease state contradicts the pulse presentation.
It also states: For the Back-Shu points of the five Zang organs located on the back, moxibustion is permissible, but acupuncture is contraindicated.
The *Lingjing* states: In heat diseases, if the body is very hot but both Yin and Yang pulses appear quiet (the *Maijing* reads "struggling/restless"), do not needle. For those cases that are suitable for needling, treat them urgently. If sweating does not occur, it may lead to diarrhea. The phrase "do not needle" refers to the presence of signs of death.
The *Lingjing* states: An expert practitioner needles before the disease arises. The next best approach is to needle when the pathogenic factor has not yet become excessive. The third approach is to needle when the pathogenic factor has already declined. The *Maijing* says: A crude physician who acts contrary to this is said to damage the physical form.
The *Lingjing* states: There are nine types of heat diseases that should not be needled. First, if there is no sweating, redness on the cheekbones, and hiccups, the patient will die. Second, if there is diarrhea accompanied by severe abdominal fullness, the patient will die. Third, if vision is unclear and the fever persists, the patient will die. Fourth, for elderly people and infants, if there is fever accompanied by severe abdominal fullness, the patient will die. Fifth, if there is no sweating along with vomiting blood and lower bleeding, the patient will die. Sixth, if the root of the tongue is ulcerated and the fever persists, the patient will die. Seventh, if there is coughing with epistaxis, no sweating, or sweating that does not reach the feet, the patient will die. Eighth, if there is bone marrow heat, the patient will die. Ninth, if there is fever accompanied by spasms, the patient will die. All nine of these conditions are contraindications for needling. This passage is absent in the *Maijing*. There are many contraindications for needling in the *Suwen* and *Lingjing*; details can be found in the section "Supplementary Contraindications for Needling."
Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Taiyang Cold Damage syndrome, the addition of warm needle therapy will inevitably cause palpitations/fright. Chang Shi (Chang Qizhi) stated: It is appropriate to administer Jiuni Tang (Rescue the Perdition Decoction).