发斑者，大热则伤血，热不散，里实表虚，热乘虚出于皮肤而为斑也，轻则如疹子，甚则如锦
纹。或本属阳，误投热药，或当汗不汗，当下不下，或汗下未解，
皆能致此。有两证∶一曰温毒，即冬时触寒，至春而发，汗下不解，邪气不散，故发斑也；一曰热
病，即冬时温暖，感乖厉气，遇春暄热而发也。慎不可发汗，若汗之，重令开泄，更增斑烂也。然
而斑之方萌，与蚊迹相类。发斑多见于胸腹，蚊迹只见于手足。阳脉洪大，病患昏愦，先红后赤者，
斑也。脉不洪大，病患自静，先红后黄者，蚊迹也。其或大便自利，或短气，燥屎不通，黑斑如果
实者，卢医不能施其巧矣。凡汗下不解，足冷耳聋，烦闷咳呕，便是发斑之候。温毒发斑，咳而
心闷，下利呕吐，下部并口有疮者，黄连橘皮汤。阳毒，斑如锦纹，面赤咽痛，脉洪大，不知人者，
三黄石膏汤；便实燥渴者，调胃承气下之。发斑通用升麻犀角汤；热多者，玄参升麻黄连一物汤治
也。
发狂者，重阳而狂，热毒所深，并入于心，遂使神不宁志不定。始得少卧不饥，谵语妄笑；甚
则登高而歌，弃衣而走，逾垣上屋，骂詈不避亲疏，皆独阳亢盛，不大下之，何能止也？若因当汗
不汗，瘀热在里，下焦蓄血如狂者，小便必自利，大
便黑，虽时如狂，未至于狂耳，须桃仁承气下之。重阳即阳毒，脉洪大，面赤咽痛，潮热，发斑如
锦纹，或下利黄赤，阳毒升麻汤；不效者，三黄石膏汤；大便实者，调胃承气汤下之。太阳病不解，
热结膀胱，其人如狂而血下者，愈。若外不解，与桂枝汤。外已解，但小腹急结，与夫脉沉，身黄，
唇燥漱水，小水自利者，亦是血证，如狂轻则犀角地黄汤，重则桃仁承气下之。若狂言直视，便溺自
遗，与汗后大热，脉躁，狂言，不能食，此为虑也。
发斑，是由于大热损伤血分，热邪无法消散，导致里实而表虚，热邪乘虚外透于皮肤而形成斑疹。轻者像疹子，重者像锦缎上的花纹。有的原本属于阳证，误用了热性药物；有的应当发汗却未发汗，应当攻下却未攻下；或者经过汗法、下法治疗后病仍未解，这些情况都能导致发斑。主要有两种证型：一种是温毒，即冬季感受寒邪，到了春季发作，经过汗法、下法治疗病邪未解，邪气不散，所以发斑；另一种是热病，即冬季气候温暖，感染了乖戾之气，遇到春季温热气候而发作。切忌使用发汗法，如果发汗，会使腠理更加开泄，加重斑烂。然而，斑疹刚出现时，与蚊虫叮咬的痕迹相似。发斑多见于胸腹部，蚊虫叮咬痕迹只见于手足。脉象洪大，病人神志昏沉迷糊，斑色先红后赤的，是斑疹。脉象不洪大，病人神志安静，斑色先红后黄的，是蚊虫叮咬痕迹。如果出现大便自利（腹泻），或短气，燥屎不通，斑色黑如果实的，即使是卢医那样的神医也无法施展其技艺了。凡是经过汗法、下法治疗病未解，足冷耳聋，烦闷咳嗽呕吐的，就是发斑的征候。温毒发斑，伴有咳嗽、心胸闷痛、下利呕吐，下部及口中有疮疡的，用黄连橘皮汤。阳毒，斑纹如锦缎，面红咽痛，脉象洪大，神志不清的，用三黄石膏汤；大便干结燥渴的，用调胃承气汤攻下。发斑通用方为升麻犀角汤；热势重的，用玄参升麻黄连一物汤治疗。
发狂，是由于重阳（阳气过盛）而发狂，热毒深重，并入于心，致使心神不宁、意志不定。刚开始表现为睡眠少、不思饮食、胡言乱语、妄笑；严重时则登高唱歌，脱衣奔跑，翻墙爬屋，骂人不分亲疏远近，这都是因为独阳亢盛，如果不及时攻下，怎么能制止呢？如果是因应当发汗而未发汗，瘀热在体内，下焦蓄血导致如狂症状的，小便必然通利，大便色黑，虽然有时像发狂，但还未到真正发狂的程度，需要用桃仁承气汤攻下。重阳即阳毒，脉象洪大，面红咽痛，潮热，发斑如锦缎花纹，或者下利黄赤色的，用阳毒升麻汤；无效的，用三黄石膏汤；大便干结的，用调胃承气汤攻下。太阳病未解，热邪结于膀胱，病人出现如狂症状且出血的，病会痊愈。如果表证未解，给予桂枝汤解表。如果表证已解，仅小腹急结，脉象沉，身黄，嘴唇干燥想喝水但漱水不欲咽，小便自利的，也是血证，如狂轻症用犀角地黄汤，重症用桃仁承气汤攻下。如果胡言乱语、直视、大小便失禁，以及发汗后大热、脉象躁动、胡言乱语、不能进食的，这是危重难治之证。
Ban (macules/petechiae) occurs when intense heat injures the blood level. The heat fails to dissipate, resulting in interior excess and exterior deficiency, allowing the pathogenic heat to emerge through the skin due to this deficiency, forming macules. Mild cases resemble rashes, while severe cases resemble patterns on brocade. This may occur if the condition was originally yang-type but was mistakenly treated with hot medicines; or if sweating should have been induced but wasn't, or purgation should have been performed but wasn't; or if the disease persisted despite sweating or purgation therapies. There are two main syndromes: one is Wendu (Warm Toxicity), where cold was contracted in winter and manifests in spring; after failed sweating and purgation, the pathogen remains unresolved, causing macules. The other is Rebing (Heat Disease), caused by contracting miasmic pathogens during an unseasonably warm winter, which manifests upon encountering spring warmth. Sweating must be strictly avoided; inducing sweat will further open the pores and exacerbate the macular eruption. Initially, emerging macules resemble mosquito bites. Macules typically appear on the chest and abdomen, whereas mosquito bites are found only on the hands and feet. If the pulse is surging and large, the patient is confused and drowsy, and the spots turn from red to crimson, it is macules. If the pulse is not surging and large, the patient is calm, and the spots turn from red to yellow, it is merely a mosquito bite. If there is spontaneous diarrhea, shortness of breath, dry stool impaction, or black macules resembling fruit skins, even a master physician like Lu Yi would find it difficult to treat. Generally, if the disease persists after sweating or purgation, accompanied by cold feet, deafness, irritability, cough, and vomiting, these are signs of macule eruption. For Wendu with macules, accompanied by cough, chest oppression, diarrhea, vomiting, and sores in the lower body and mouth, use Huanglian Jupi Tang (Coptis and Tangerine Peel Decoction). For Yangdu (Yang Toxin), characterized by brocade-like macules, red face, sore throat, surging-large pulse, and unconsciousness, use Sanhuang Shigao Tang (Three Yellows and Gypsum Decoction); if there is dry stool and thirst, use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Guide Out Excess Powder) to purge. The general formula for macules is Shengma Xijiao Tang (Cimicifuga and Rhinoceros Horn Decoction); for cases with more heat, use Xuanshen Shengma Lianyi Wu Tang (Scrophularia, Cimicifuga, and Coptis Single-Ingredient Decoction).
Kuang (Mania) results from excessive Yang (Chong Yang), where deep-seated heat toxins merge into the Heart, causing the Shen (Spirit) to be unsettled and the will unstable. Initially, symptoms include little sleep, lack of appetite, delirious speech, and irrational laughter. In severe cases, patients climb high places singing, discard clothes and run, jump over walls and roofs, and curse others regardless of kinship. These are all due to hyperactive solitary Yang; without aggressive purgation, how can it be stopped? If mania arises because sweating was indicated but not performed, leading to stasis-heat in the interior and blood accumulation in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner), the urine will be clear and frequent, stools dark/black. Although appearing manic at times, it has not reached full mania; treat with Tao Ren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel and Magnolia Bark Decoction). Chong Yang refers to Yangdu, presenting with surging-large pulse, red face, sore throat, tidal fever, brocade-like macules, or yellow-red diarrhea; treat with Yangdu Shengma Tang (Yang Toxin Cimicifuga Decoction). If ineffective, use Sanhuang Shigao Tang; if stools are hard, use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang to purge. If Taiyang Bing (Taiyang Disease) is unresolved and heat binds to the Bladder, causing mania-like symptoms followed by bleeding, the disease resolves. If exterior symptoms persist, administer Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). If exterior symptoms have resolved but there is only lower abdominal urgency and binding, a deep pulse, jaundice, dry lips with desire to rinse mouth but no swallow, and clear urination, this is also a blood syndrome. For mild mania, use Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction); for severe cases, use Tao Ren Chengqi Tang to purge. If there is delirious speech, fixed gaze, involuntary urination and defecation, or post-sweating intense heat, restless pulse, delirium, and inability to eat, these are critical and ominous signs.