且产妇始生，气血俱虚，外失卫护，内无主持，最宜调养。设受风寒，岂能救治，故与胎前不
同。且产后十数日不解，头痛恶寒，时时有热，心下坚，干呕汗出，以阳旦汤。
产后亡津液，大便多秘，或谵语烦躁，宜服神功丸。产妇头疼身热，兼腹内拘急疼痛，以桂心
牡蛎汤。产妇伤风，发热，面赤而喘，头痛，以竹叶防风汤。
伤寒汗、下、温之法，最不可轻据脉以验证，问证而对脉。太阳者，阳证之表也。阳明者，阳
证之里也。少阳者，二阳三阴之间。太阴、少阴、厥阴，又居于里，总谓之阴证也。发于外，则太
阳为之首。发于内，则少阴为之先。太阳恶寒而少阴亦恶寒，但太阳之脉多浮，少阴之脉沉细，与
其他证状亦自异也。发热恶寒，身体疼痛，或自汗，或无汗，是为表证，可汗。不恶寒反恶热，口
燥咽干，壮热腹满，小便如常而大便秘结，是为里证，可下。厥冷囊卷，自利烦躁而无身热头疼，
是为阴证，可温。浮、洪、紧、数，此表病之脉。沉、实、滑、数，此里病之脉。微、细、缓、弱，
此阴病之脉。在表者，邪传于荣卫之间。在里者，邪入于胃腑之内。
胃腑之下，少阳居焉。若传之阴，则为邪气入脏矣。荣与卫俱为表也，亦均可汗也。然有汗者，为
伤风。风伤卫气，则以桂枝助阳而汗之轻。无汗者，为伤寒。寒伤荣气，则以麻黄汤助阳而汗之重。
荣卫固为表也，胃腑亦可以为表也。然以腑脏而分表里，则在腑为之表，在脏为之里。胃取诸腑，
可以表言。若合荣卫腑脏而分之，则表者荣卫之所行，里者胃腑之所主，而脏，则又深于里者矣。
审脉问证，辩名定经。真知其为表邪，则汗之。真知其为里邪，则下之。真知其为阴证，则温之。
表有邪，则为阳虚。阴经受邪，则为脏病，而温里之药热。如此而汗，如彼而下，又如彼而温，桂
枝、承气投之不差，姜附、理中发而必中。大抵治伤寒有法，投剂少差，死生立见。古人处方立论，
曰可汗，曰可下，曰可温，曰和解，曰少与，曰急下，与夫先温其里，乃发其表；先解其表，乃攻
其里，谓知奇者，若网在纲，有条不紊。论至于此，则知古人之立论甚严，而汗、下、温之法，亦
不可轻也，信矣。经曰∶伤寒六七日，目中不了了，无表证，脉虽浮，亦有可下者。少阴病二三日，
无里证，亦有可汗者。阴证四逆，法当用温，而四逆散性寒，岂可用哉！曰医在九
流之中，非圆机之士，不足为语也。脉虽浮而亦可下者，无表证，谓六七日不大便。借使大便不难，
其敢轻下之乎？少阴病亦有发汗者，少阴本无热，反发热而表犹未解，故用温药微取其汗也。借使
身不发热，其敢轻汗之乎？四逆汤用姜、附，四逆散用枳、柴，一寒一热，病主四逆，固不侔矣。
然传经之邪，与阴经受邪，初病便厥者不同。四逆散用药寒，主先阳后阴也。四逆汤用药热，主阳
不足而阴有余也。若张氏之论日数，多则曰日数虽多，但有表证而脉浮者，犹可发汗；日数虽少，
若有里证而脉沉实者，即须下之。此日数之不可拘也。至如阳极发厥，阴极发躁，阴证似阳，阳证
似阴，差之毫厘，谬以千里，可不深思而熟虑也哉！
况且产妇刚分娩后，气血都虚弱，体表失去卫气的保护，体内缺乏主持的力量，最适宜调养。如果遭受风寒侵袭，救治起来非常困难，所以治疗原则与怀孕前不同。
如果产后十几天病仍未解除，出现头痛、恶寒，时不时发热，心下（胃脘部）坚硬，干呕且出汗，应使用阳旦汤。
产后津液亏损，大便大多秘结，或者出现谵语、烦躁，适宜服用神功丸。
产妇感受风邪，出现发热、面赤且气喘、头痛，应使用竹叶防风汤。
伤寒的汗法（发汗）、下法（泻下）、温法（温里），最不可以轻易依据脉象来验证诊断，而应当询问症状并结合脉象进行判断。
太阳经，是阳证的表证。阳明经，是阳证的里证。少阳经，位于二阳（太阳、阳明）和三阴之间。太阴、少阴、厥阴，又居于体内，总称为阴证。
病发于外，以太阳经为首；病发于内，以少阴经为先。太阳经受邪会恶寒，少阴经受邪也会恶寒，但太阳病的脉象多浮，少阴病的脉象沉细，与其他证状自然有所不同。
发热、恶寒、身体疼痛，或者自汗，或者无汗，这是表证，可以用汗法。不恶寒反而恶热，口燥咽干，高热腹满，小便正常而大便秘结，这是里证，可以用下法。四肢厥冷、阴囊收缩，自利（腹泻）烦躁且没有身热头疼，这是阴证，可以用温法。
脉象浮、洪、紧、数，这是表病的脉象。脉象沉、实、滑、数，这是里病的脉象。脉象微、细、缓、弱，这是阴病的脉象。
病在表，邪气传变于营卫之间。病在里，邪气进入胃腑之内。胃腑之下，少阳经居于此。如果邪气传入阴经，就是邪气入脏了。
营气和卫气都属于表，也都适用汗法。但是有汗的，属于伤风。风邪损伤卫气，就用桂枝汤助阳气而轻发其汗。无汗的，属于伤寒。寒邪损伤荣气，就用麻黄汤助阳气而重发其汗。
营卫固然属于表，胃腑也可以称为表。但是如果以脏腑来分表里，那么在腑为表，在脏为里。胃属于六腑之一，可以称之为表。如果结合营卫和脏腑来区分，那么表是营卫运行的场所，里是胃腑所主管的，而脏，则是比里更深的层次。
仔细审察脉象，询问症状，辨别名称，确定经络。真正知道它是表邪，就使用汗法。真正知道它是里邪，就使用下法。真正知道它是阴证，就使用温法。
表有邪气，则导致阳虚。阴经受邪，则导致脏病，而温里的药物性质温热。像这样用汗法，像那样用下法，又像那样用温法，桂枝汤、承气汤投用不错，姜附子、理中汤发散必能命中。
大体上治疗伤寒是有方法的，用药稍微有一点差错，生死立刻显现。古人制定处方和理论，说可汗，说可下，说可温，说和解，说少量给予，说急下，以及那些先温其里，再发其表；先解其表，再攻其里，这些被称为懂得关键的人，就像网有纲绳一样，有条不紊。
论述到这里，就知道古人立论非常严谨，而汗、下、温的方法，也不可轻视，确实如此。
经典记载：伤寒六七天，眼睛看不清楚（目中不了了），没有表证，脉象虽然浮，也有可以使用下法的。少阴病两三天，没有里证，也有可以使用汗法的。
阴证四逆，按理应当用温法，但四逆散药性寒凉，难道可以使用吗？回答说：医生处于九流之中，如果不是圆机活变的士人，不足以与他谈论。
脉象虽然浮却也可以下，是因为没有表证，指的是六七天不大便。假如大便不难解，怎么敢轻易使用下法呢？
少阴病也有发汗的情况，少阴本无热，反而发热且表证仍未解除，所以用温药微微取其汗。假如身体不发热，怎么敢轻易使用汗法呢？
四逆汤用干姜、附子，四逆散用枳实、柴胡，一寒一热，主治都是四逆，但显然不同。然而传经之邪，与阴经受邪、初病就出现厥冷的情况不同。四逆散用药寒凉，主治先阳后阴（指阳气郁遏）。四逆汤用药温热，主治阳气不足而阴气有余。
至于张氏关于日数的论述，大多说日数虽然多，但只要还有表证且脉浮，仍然可以发汗；日数虽然少，如果有里证且脉沉实，就必须使用下法。这就是日数不可拘泥的原因。
Moreover, after childbirth, both Qi and Blood are deficient. The exterior lacks the protection of Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), and the interior lacks a governing force, making it most suitable for nourishment and regulation. If affected by Wind-Cold, rescue is difficult; therefore, the treatment principles differ from those before pregnancy.
If ten or more days postpartum the disease remains unresolved, presenting with headache, aversion to cold, intermittent fever, hardness in the epigastrium (Xin Xia), dry retching, and sweating, Yangdan Tang should be used.
Postpartum loss of body fluids often leads to constipation. If delirium and irritability occur, Shengong Wan is appropriate.
For postpartum patients with headache, fever, and concurrent abdominal stiffness and pain, Guixin Muli Tang should be used.
For postpartum patients suffering from Wind invasion, presenting with fever, red face, panting, and headache, Zhuye Fangfeng Tang should be used.
The methods of Sweating (Han), Purging (Xia), and Warming (Wen) for Shanghan (Cold Damage) must not be lightly applied based solely on pulse verification; one must inquire about symptoms and correlate them with the pulse.
Taiyang (Greater Yang) is the exterior aspect of Yang syndromes. Yangming (Yang Brightness) is the interior aspect of Yang syndromes. Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) lies between the two Yang meridians and the three Yin meridians. Taiyin (Greater Yin), Shaoyin (Lesser Yin), and Jueyin (Terminal Yin) reside within the interior and are collectively referred to as Yin syndromes.
When disease manifests externally, Taiyang is the primary site. When disease manifests internally, Shaoyin is the precursor. Both Taiyang and Shaoyin present with aversion to cold; however, Taiyang pulses are typically floating, whereas Shaoyin pulses are deep and fine, distinguishing them from other symptom patterns.
Fever, aversion to cold, body pain, spontaneous sweating, or absence of sweating constitute Exterior Syndromes, which can be treated with Sweating methods. Absence of aversion to cold but presence of aversion to heat, dry mouth and throat, high fever, abdominal fullness, normal urination, and constitute Interior Syndromes, which can be treated with Purging methods. Cold extremities, retraction of the testicles, spontaneous diarrhea, irritability, without fever or headache, constitute Yin Syndromes, which can be treated with Warming methods.
Floating, Surging, Tight, and Rapid pulses indicate Exterior diseases. Deep, Excess, Slippery, and Rapid pulses indicate Interior diseases. Micro, Fine, Slow, and Weak pulses indicate Yin diseases.
When the pathogen is in the exterior, it transmits between Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi. When in the interior, it enters the Stomach Fu organ. Below the Stomach Fu resides Shaoyang. If transmitted to the Yin meridians, the pathogenic factor has entered the Zang organs.
Ying Qi and Wei Qi both belong to the exterior and are both amenable to Sweating methods. However, sweating indicates Wind injury. Wind damages Wei Qi; thus, Guizhi Tang is used to assist Yang and induce light sweating. No sweating indicates Cold injury. Cold damages Ying Qi; thus, Mahuang Tang is used to assist Yang and induce heavy sweating.
Although Ying and Wei belong to the exterior, the Stomach Fu can also be considered part of the exterior. However, when distinguishing exterior/interior by Zang-Fu, Fu organs represent the exterior and Zang organs represent the interior. As the Stomach is among the Fu organs, it can be termed exterior. If combining Ying-Wei and Zang-Fu distinctions: the exterior is where Ying and Wei circulate; the interior is governed by the Stomach Fu; and the Zang organs are deeper than the interior.
Carefully examine the pulse and inquire about symptoms to differentiate names and determine the meridian. If truly knowing it is an Exterior pathogen, apply Sweating. If truly knowing it is an Interior pathogen, apply Purging. If truly knowing it is a Yin syndrome, apply Warming.
Exterior pathogens lead to Yang deficiency. Pathogens affecting Yin meridians lead to Zang organ disease, requiring hot-natured warming medicines. Thus, applying Sweating, Purging, or Warming appropriately ensures that Guizhi Tang and Chengqi Tang are used correctly, while Jiangfu (Ginger and Aconite) and Lizhong Tang act precisely.
Generally, treating Shanghan follows specific laws; even slight deviations in prescription can result in immediate death or life. Ancient physicians established prescriptions and theories stating "can sweat," "can purge," "can warm," "harmonize," "give sparingly," "purge urgently," or "warm the interior first, then release the exterior"; "release the exterior first, then attack the interior." Those who understand these principles are like having a net with its cord, orderly and systematic.
From this discussion, we see that ancient theoretical foundations were rigorous, and the methods of Sweating, Purging, and Warming must not be taken lightly. Indeed, the Classics state: In Shanghan lasting six or seven days, if vision is blurred ("mu zhong liao liao bu liao") and there are no exterior signs, even if the pulse is floating, purging may be indicated. In Shaoyin disease lasting two or three days, if there are no interior signs, sweating may be indicated.
For Yin syndrome Si Ni (Four Coldness), warming is the standard method. Yet Sini San has a cold nature; how can it be used? It is said: A physician among the nine schools of thought must be a practitioner of flexible wisdom to discuss such matters.
Pulse floating yet purging is applicable because there are no exterior signs, referring to constipation for six or seven days. Had stool passage been unimpeded, would one dare to purge lightly?
Shaoyin disease also involves sweating indications. Shaoyin inherently lacks heat; if fever occurs and the exterior remains unresolved, warm medicines are used to induce slight sweating. Had the body not been feverish, would one dare to sweat lightly?
Sini Tang uses Ginger and Aconite; Sini San uses Zhi Shi and Chai Hu. One is cold, one is hot. Although both treat Si Ni, they are fundamentally different. However, transmitted pathogenic factors differ from initial Yin meridian invasion causing immediate cold limbs. Sini San uses cold herbs to treat Yang stagnation preceding Yin deficiency. Sini Tang uses hot herbs to treat Yang insufficiency with Yin excess.
Regarding Zhang's theory on disease duration: he states that although many days have passed, if exterior signs persist and the pulse is floating, sweating is still possible. Although few days have passed, if interior signs exist and the pulse is deep and excess, purging is necessary. This illustrates that day counts should not be rigidly adhered to.
Consider cases where extreme Yang leads to cold limbs, extreme Yin leads to restlessness, Yin syndrome mimicking Yang, or Yang syndrome mimicking Yin. A difference of a hair's breadth leads to errors of a thousand miles. Must one not think deeply and deliberate carefully!