少阴阳邪有停饮，六七日反不得眠，下利而渴咳而呕，小便不利猪苓煎。
【注】少阴阳邪有停饮，谓少阴阳邪热证，兼有停饮病也。少阴病当欲寐，至六、七日
反心烦不得眠，是少阴热也，下利而渴，咳呕，小便不利，是水饮停也。以猪苓汤去其
热而利其水可也。详少阴篇。
少阴阴邪有水气，腹痛四肢重沉疼，小便不利自下利，或咳或呕真武平。咳加干姜
辛味共，小便若利去茯苓，呕去附子生姜倍，利去芍药入干宁。
【注】少阴阴邪有水气，谓少阴阴寒兼有水气病也，饮病主证，谓腹痛，四肢沉重疼
痛，大便自利、小便不利，宜真武汤温中利水也。饮病或有之证，或咳，或小便利，或
呕，或下利。咳加生姜、细辛、五味子。小便若利去茯苓。呕，去附子倍加生姜。利，去
芍药入干姜也。
喘息喝喝数张口，短气似喘不抬肩，促难布息为实证，短不续息作虚观，内因饮病
或痰热，外因阴阳表里看，直视神昏汗润发，脉微肢厥命难全。
【注】喘息，气急喝喝而数张口、抬肩、欠肚者，喘也。短气，则似喘非喘，而不张
口抬肩也。二证皆胸中气病。肺主气，故属肺也。无论喘急、短气，若气促壅塞不能布
息，为有余之实证。若气短空乏不能续息，为不足之虚证。内因，谓饮冷伤肺，或因痰热
也。外因，谓形寒伤表，表主皮毛，肺之合也。皮毛受邪，其次及肤、及肌、及胸、及
腹入胃，皆令病喘，当审阴阳表里，从化主治可也。喘急、短气，兼直视神昏，汗出润
发，脉微四肢厥冷，皆死候也。与三阴寒证同见，是为阴喘，宜四逆加杏仁、五味子，虚
者倍加人参。与三阳热证同见，是为阳喘，宜白虎、葛根黄芩黄连汤。与太阳表证同见，是
为表喘，无汗者麻黄汤，兼烦躁者大青龙汤；有汗者桂枝加浓朴杏子汤。与阳明里证同见，
是为里喘，宜大承气汤，兼结胸者，宜大陷胸丸。若兼水气，表实者，小青龙汤；表虚
者及小便不利，均宜五苓散加葶苈子。里实者，宜葶苈大枣汤，兼腹胁硬痛者，宜十枣
汤。里寒者，宜真武汤。若脉微细，口鼻气短喘乏。而无阴阳表里证，此气虚喘也，宜
保元汤加五味子、杏仁。若喘而唾痰稠粘，喉间漉漉有声，此痰喘也，重者宜瓜蒂散、礞
石滚痰丸，轻者二陈加苦葶苈子、苏子之类也。
少阴病中阳热之邪兼有水饮停滞，病程至六七日反而出现心烦失眠，伴有腹泻、口渴、咳嗽及呕吐，治疗宜用猪苓汤煎服。
【注】所谓“少阴阳邪有停饮”，是指少阴病的阳热证候，同时兼有水饮内停的病症。少阴病本应表现为嗜睡欲寐，若至六七日反而心烦不得安眠，这是少阴热的表现；若伴有腹泻且口渴、咳嗽呕吐、小便不利，则是水饮停滞的表现。使用猪苓汤可以清除热邪并通利水道，这是适宜的治疗方法。详见《伤寒论》少阴篇。
少阴病中阴寒之邪兼有水气，症状包括腹痛、四肢沉重酸痛，小便不利且自发性腹泻，治疗宜用真武汤平调。若咳嗽加重，可加入干姜等辛味药物；若小便通畅则去掉茯苓；若呕吐则去掉附子并将生姜加倍；若腹泻则去掉芍药加入干姜宁心（温中止泻）。
【注】所谓“少阴阴邪有水气”，是指少阴病的阴寒证候兼有水气病。水饮病的主要证候表现为腹痛、四肢沉重疼痛、大便自利、小便不利，适宜使用真武汤温中散寒、利水消肿。水饮病可能出现的伴随症状有：或咳嗽，或小便利，或呕吐，或腹泻。若咳嗽，加生姜、细辛、五味子；若小便通畅，去茯苓；若呕吐，去附子并倍加生姜；若腹泻，去芍药加入干姜。
喘息时喉间有声，频繁张口呼吸，短气似喘但不抬肩耸背，呼吸急促困难为实证，气息短促不连续视为虚证。内因多为水饮病或痰热阻滞，外因需辨别阴阳表里。若出现直视、神志昏迷、汗出如油润发、脉微细、四肢厥冷，则病情危重，难以保全生命。
【注】喘息，指气急迫，喉间发出声响，频繁张口、抬肩、腹部起伏，称为喘。短气，则看似喘而非喘，不张口也不抬肩。这两种证候都属于胸中的气机病变。肺主气，故归属于肺。无论是喘急还是短气，如果气促壅塞导致无法顺畅呼吸，属于有余的实证；如果气短空乏导致无法接续呼吸，属于不足的虚证。内因，指饮冷伤肺，或因痰热所致。外因，指形体受寒损伤体表，表主皮毛，是肺的外合。皮毛受邪，进而波及皮肤、肌肉、胸部、腹部直至胃，都会导致气喘，应当审察阴阳表里，根据病机转化进行治疗即可。喘急、短气，若兼见直视、神志昏迷、汗出湿润头发、脉微细、四肢厥冷，都是死证的征象。若与三阴寒证同见，称为阴喘，宜用四逆汤加杏仁、五味子，虚证者倍加人参。若与三阳热证同见，称为阳喘，宜用白虎汤、葛根黄芩黄连汤。若与太阳表证同见，称为表喘，无汗者用麻黄汤，兼烦躁者用大青龙汤；有汗者用桂枝加厚朴杏子汤。若与阳明里证同见，称为里喘，宜用大承气汤，兼结胸者，宜用大陷胸丸。若兼有水气，表实者用小青龙汤；表虚者及小便不利者，均宜用五苓散加葶苈子。里实者，宜用葶苈大枣汤，兼腹胁硬痛者，宜用十枣汤。里寒者，宜用真武汤。若脉微细，口鼻气息短促喘息乏力，而无阴阳表里证候，此为气虚喘，宜用保元汤加五味子、杏仁。若喘而唾吐稠粘痰液，喉间漉漉有声，此为痰喘，重症宜用瓜蒂散、礞石滚痰丸，轻症可用二陈汤加苦葶苈子、苏子之类。
In Shaoyin disease, when Yang-pathogenic heat is accompanied by retained fluid, after six or seven days, the patient may instead suffer from restlessness and insomnia. Accompanied by diarrhea, thirst, cough, and vomiting, the treatment should be Zhu Ling Decoction (Zhu Ling Tang).
[Note] "Shaoyin Yang-pathogen with retained fluid" refers to a Shaoyin heat syndrome complicated by retained fluid pathology. Shaoyin disease typically presents with drowsiness; however, if after six or seven days the patient experiences irritability and insomnia, this indicates Shaoyin heat. Diarrhea with thirst, cough, vomiting, and dysuria indicate the retention of water-fluids. Zhu Ling Decoction (Zhu Ling Tang) clears heat and promotes diuresis, which is an appropriate treatment. See the Shaoyin chapter for details.
In Shaoyin disease, when Yin-cold pathogen is accompanied by water-qi (fluid retention), symptoms include abdominal pain, heaviness and deep soreness in the limbs, dysuria, and spontaneous diarrhea. The treatment should be Zhen Wu Decoction (Zhen Wu Tang) to regulate the condition. If cough worsens, add Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang) and other acrid herbs; if urination is normal, remove Poria (Fu Ling); if vomiting occurs, remove Aconite Root (Fu Zi) and double the amount of Fresh Ginger (Sheng Jiang); if diarrhea occurs, remove Peony Root (Bai Shao) and add Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang) to calm the interior.
[Note] "Shaoyin Yin-pathogen with water-qi" refers to a Shaoyin cold syndrome complicated by water-qi pathology. The main manifestations of fluid-retention disease include abdominal pain, heavy and painful limbs, spontaneous diarrhea, and dysuria. Zhen Wu Decoction (Zhen Wu Tang) is indicated to warm the middle and promote diuresis. Associated symptoms may include cough, normal urination, vomiting, or diarrhea. For cough, add Fresh Ginger (Sheng Jiang), Ephedra Stem (Ma Huang), and Schisandra Fruit (Wu Wei Zi). If urination is clear/normal, remove Poria (Fu Ling). For vomiting, remove Aconite Root (Fu Zi) and double Fresh Ginger (Sheng Jiang). For diarrhea, remove Peony Root (Bai Shao) and add Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang).
Panting involves noisy breathing with frequent mouth opening; shortness of breath resembles panting but without shoulder elevation. Rapid and difficult breathing indicates an excess syndrome, while short, intermittent breathing suggests a deficiency syndrome. Internal causes involve fluid retention or phlegm-heat; external causes require differentiation of Yin/Yang and Exterior/Interior. Direct staring, coma, sweating that wets the hair, thready pulse, and cold extremities indicate a critical condition where life is hard to save.
[Note] Panting (Chuan Xi) refers to rapid breathing with audible sounds, frequent mouth opening, shoulder lifting, and abdominal movement. Shortness of breath (Duan Qi) resembles panting but lacks mouth opening and shoulder lifting. Both conditions relate to Qi disorders in the chest. The Lung governs Qi, so these are attributed to the Lung. Whether panting or shortness of breath, if breathing is obstructed and unable to distribute Qi smoothly, it is an Excess syndrome (Yu Zheng). If breathing is empty and unable to continue, it is a Deficiency syndrome (Xu Zheng). Internal causes refer to lung injury from drinking cold fluids or phlegm-heat. External causes refer to body cold injuring the exterior; the exterior governs skin and hair, which correspond to the Lung. Pathogens affecting the skin/hair can spread to muscles, chest, abdomen, and stomach, causing panting. One must examine Yin/Yang and Exterior/Interior to treat according to the transformation of the disease. Panting or shortness of breath combined with direct staring, coma, moist sweating, thready pulse, and cold extremities are signs of death. If seen with Three-Yin cold syndromes, it is Yin-panting; treat with Si Ni Decoction (Si Ni Tang) plus Apricot Seed (Xing Ren) and Schisandra Fruit (Wu Wei Zi), doubling Ginseng (Ren Shen) for deficiency. If seen with Three-Yang heat syndromes, it is Yang-panting; treat with Bai Hu Decoction (Bai Hu Tang) or Ge Gen Huang Qin Huang Lian Decoction (Ge Gen Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang). If seen with Taiyang exterior syndromes, it is Exterior-panting: use Ma Huang Decoction (Ma Huang Tang) for no sweat, Da Qing Long Decoction (Da Qing Long Tang) for irritability, or Gui Zhi Jia Hou Po Xing Zi Decoction (Gui Zhi Jia Hou Po Xing Zi Tang) for sweating. If seen with Yangming interior syndromes, it is Interior-panting: use Da Cheng Qi Decoction (Da Cheng Qi Tang), or Da Xian Xiong Wan (Da Xian Xiong Pill) if complicated by Chest Binding (Jie Xiong). If complicated by water-qi: use Xiao Qing Long Decoction (Xiao Qing Long Tang) for exterior excess; Wu Ling San (Wu Ling Powder) plus Lepidium Seed (Ting Li Zi) for exterior deficiency or dysuria; Ting Li Da Zao Decoction (Ting Li Da Zao Tang) for interior excess, or Shi Zao Tang (Shi Zao Decoction) if complicated by hard/painful abdomen/flanks; Zhen Wu Decoction (Zhen Wu Tang) for interior cold. If pulse is thready/fine, breath is short and weak, without Yin/Yang/Exterior/Interior signs, it is Qi-deficiency panting; treat with Bao Yuan Decoction (Bao Yuan Tang) plus Schisandra Fruit (Wu Wei Zi) and Apricot Seed (Xing Ren). If panting with sticky sputum and rattling sound in throat, it is Phlegm-panting: severe cases use Gua Di San (Gua Di Powder) or Meng Shi Gun Tan Wan (Meng Shi Rolling Phlegm Pill); mild cases use Er Chen Tang (Er Chen Decoction) plus bitter Ting Li Zi and Perilla Seed (Su Zi).