阳明表证反有汗，桂枝加葛中风传。热证无汗亡津液，燥渴仍从白虎痊，胃实汗热
原应下，恶寒浮缓表为先。欲知定硬识矢气，不转微涩下之冤。舌滑尿白小便数，便硬休
攻导自安。小便数多知便硬，无苦数少是津还。
【注】阳明表证应无汗，反有汗，是从风邪传来，仍从表治，宜用栓枝加葛根汤。阳
明热证应有汗，反无汗，是或吐、或汗、或下亡其津液。若无燥渴，则从表治，若有燥
渴、仍从热治，宜用白虎汤。胃实自汗潮热，原应下之，若有恶寒浮缓之表，宜先解表。表
解已、乃可攻之，欲知大便硬定未定，当少与小承气汤，转矢气者，已成定硬，当与大
承气汤攻之。若不转矢气者，未成定硬，攻之必溏，勿更与也。若脉微涩者，亦不可下，
下之则冤死也。舌滑、尿白、里热微也，虽小便数、大便硬，其热远在广肠，亦不可下，
用蜜煎猪胆导法自可安也。凡小便数多，知大便必硬，虽大便硬而无或满、或痛之苦，当
审其小便日几行，日减数少，是津液还于胃中，慎不可攻，不久必自大便出也。详阳明
篇。
往来寒热胸胁满，脉弦目眩而耳聋，口苦默默不欲食，心烦喜呕少阳经，或渴或咳
身微热，或胁硬痛腹中疼，或悸不呕尿不利，舌苔滑白小柴宗。
【注】脉弦，谓少阳病脉也。往来寒热胸胁满，目眩耳聋，口苦默默不欲食，心烦喜
呕，少阳经主证也。或渴、或咳身微热，或胁硬痛、腹中疼，或悸、不呕、尿不利、舌
苔滑白者，皆少阳或有之证也。均宜小柴胡汤主之，随证加减治之可也。详少阳篇。
阳明病表证反而出现汗出，这是中风之邪传入阳明，应使用桂枝加葛根汤治疗。阳明热证若无汗，是因为津液耗伤；若伴有燥渴，仍应从热证治疗，宜用白虎汤痊愈。胃家实证见自汗、潮热，原本应当攻下，但若伴有恶寒、脉浮缓等表证，则应先解表。想要知道大便是否已经硬结，可观察是否有矢气（放屁）；若不转矢气而误用攻下法，则是冤屈了病人（导致病情加重或错误治疗）。舌苔滑润、小便色白、小便频数，此时即便大便硬，也不要攻下，采用导法即可安宁。从小便频数多可以推断大便必硬，但如果病人没有痛苦且小便次数少，说明津液正在恢复回归胃中。
【注】阳明表证本应无汗，反而有汗，是从风邪传来，仍应从表证治疗，适宜使用桂枝加葛根汤。阳明热证本应有汗，反而无汗，是因为经过吐、汗、下等治法耗伤了津液。如果没有燥渴，则从表证治疗；如果有燥渴，仍从热证治疗，适宜使用白虎汤。胃实自汗、潮热，原本应当攻下，但若有恶寒、脉浮缓的表证，适宜先解除表证。表证解除后，才可以攻里。想要知道大便是否已经硬结，应当少量给予小承气汤，如果转矢气，说明已成定硬，应当给予大承气汤攻下。如果不转矢气，说明未成定硬，攻下必然导致腹泻，不要再给。如果脉象微涩，也不可攻下，攻下会导致死亡。舌滑、尿白，说明里热轻微，虽然小便频数、大便硬，但热邪远在广肠（直肠），也不可用攻下法，使用蜜煎或猪胆导法自然可以安宁。凡是小便频数多，可知大便必硬，即使大便硬但没有胀满或疼痛的痛苦，应当审查其小便每天几次，如果每日减少变少，是津液回归胃中，千万不要攻下，不久大便自然会排出。详见阳明篇。
寒热往来、胸胁胀满，脉弦、目眩且耳聋，口苦、沉默不欲饮食、心烦喜呕，这是少阳经的主证。或者口渴、或者咳嗽、身体微热，或者胁肋硬痛、腹中疼痛，或者心悸、不呕、小便不利、舌苔滑白，这些都属于小柴胡汤的主治范围。
【注】脉弦，是指少阳病的脉象。寒热往来、胸胁胀满、目眩耳聋、口苦、沉默不欲饮食、心烦喜呕，是少阳经的主要症状。或者口渴、或者咳嗽身体微热、或者胁肋硬痛、腹中疼痛、或者心悸、不呕、小便不利、舌苔滑白的，都是少阳病可能出现的兼证。都适宜用小柴胡汤为主方，根据具体症状加减治疗即可。详见少阳篇。
Yangming exterior syndrome presents with sweating, which indicates the transmission of wind-pathogen to Yangming; treat with Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig plus Kudzu Root Decoction). Yangming heat syndrome without sweating results from fluid depletion; if accompanied by dryness and thirst, treat as heat syndrome using Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) for recovery. Stomach excess syndrome with spontaneous sweating and tidal fever originally requires purgation; however, if chills and a floating, slow pulse indicate an exterior syndrome, resolve the exterior first. To determine if feces are hardened, observe for flatus (passing gas); failure to pass gas after attempted purgation constitutes a medical error. Slippery tongue coating, white urine, and frequent urination suggest that even with hard feces, purgation is contraindicated; use suppository methods (e.g., honey or pig bile enema) for relief. Frequent urination indicates likely hard feces; however, if there is no discomfort and urine frequency decreases, fluids are returning to the stomach; avoid purgation as bowel movement will occur naturally. Refer to the Yangming chapter for details.
[Note] Yangming exterior syndrome should present without sweating; sweating indicates wind-pathogen transmission, requiring exterior resolution via Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang. Yangming heat syndrome should present with sweating; absence of sweating follows fluid loss from emesis, diaphoresis, or purgation. Absence of dryness/thirst implies exterior treatment; presence of dryness/thirst implies heat treatment using Baihu Tang. Stomach excess with spontaneous sweating and tidal fever requires purgation, but chills and floating/slow pulse necessitate prior exterior resolution. After exterior resolution, interior attack may proceed. To test for fecal hardness, administer a small dose of Xiaochengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction); passage of flatus confirms hardness, warranting Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction). Absence of flatus indicates unhardened feces; purgation will cause diarrhea, so do not repeat. A faint and choppy pulse contraindicates purgation; purging may be fatal. Slippery tongue and white urine indicate mild interior heat; despite frequent urination and hard feces, heat is distant in the large intestine, so purgation is contraindicated; use suppository methods for safety. Frequent urination predicts hard feces; if no distension or pain exists and urine frequency decreases, fluids return to the stomach; avoid purgation as natural evacuation will occur. See Yangming chapter.
Alternating chills and fever, chest and hypochondriac fullness, wiry pulse, vertigo, and deafness, bitter taste, taciturnity, anorexia, irritability, and frequent vomiting characterize Shaoyang meridian syndrome. Optional symptoms include thirst, cough, slight fever, hard/painful hypochondrium, abdominal pain, palpitations, absence of vomiting, dysuria, and slippery-white tongue coating. These are all indications for Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction).
[Note] Wiry pulse denotes Shaoyang disease. Alternating chills/fever, chest/hypochondriac fullness, vertigo/deafness, bitter taste, taciturnity/anorexia, irritability/frequent vomiting are primary Shaoyang symptoms. Thirst, cough, slight fever, hard/painful hypochondrium, abdominal pain, palpitations, absence of vomiting, dysuria, and slippery-white tongue coating are optional Shaoyang manifestations. All are treated primarily with Xiaochaihu Tang, modified according to specific symptoms. See Shaoyang chapter.