太阳病欲解时从巳至未上
巳午未太阳得令之时故解于此
太阳风寒有正治之法桂枝麻黄是也阳偏盛者恐异日之入阳明则有大青龙白虎汤早清其燥热阴偏胜者恐异日之入三阴
则有小青龙五苓散预去其湿寒处治不瘥病在太阳一经自当应药而解不成坏病医不知此实其实而虚其虚若汗若吐若下若温
针补泻异施遂成坏病非复太阳本色矣坏病者即后日之阳明与三阴也阳盛而泄其阴则入阳明阴盛而亡其阳则入三阴桂枝麻
黄之证变为亢阳孤阴是以曰坏至于阳明俟其腑热内实一下而愈犹为逆中之顺然而腑邪伤阴失于急下亦伏死机则顺中之逆
正自不少若夫三阴阴盛阳负动惧危亡则逆居强半而顺不十且仲景于是有救逆之法随证处治转逆为从元通微妙良工苦心矣
桂枝麻黄太阳风寒主方也若至三日之久正将入阳明太阴之期业经汗下温针而病仍不解则事当大坏未必犹在太阳即太
阳未罢而亦未必尚属太阳桂麻之证是宜审观脉证另立新法故总立坏病之纲详开救逆之门也
太阳病三日已发汗若吐若下若温针仍不解者此为坏病桂枝不中与也观其脉证知犯何逆随证治之
太阳病治之得法当解于本经不至入腑传脏而成坏病若至三日之久已经发汗吐下温针诸治而病不解则不在太阳定缘误
治入别经而成坏病当观其脉证知其所犯何逆随证治之曰坏病者非太阳之本病故也
太阳病想要缓解的时间段是从巳时到未时。
因为巳、午、未这三个时辰是太阳经当令（主事）的时候，所以病情在此时得以缓解。
治疗太阳经的风寒邪气有正规的治疗方法，就是桂枝汤和麻黄汤。
如果患者阳气偏盛，担心日后邪气传入阳明经，就应当提前使用大青龙汤或白虎汤来早清燥热；
如果患者阴气偏胜，担心日后邪气传入三阴经，就应当提前使用小青龙汤或五苓散来预先祛除湿寒。
妥善处置而病不愈，说明病邪仍在太阳一经，本应当服药后痊愈，不会演变成坏病。
医生如果不明白这个道理，对实证误用泻法使其更虚，对虚证误用补法使其更实，或者错误地使用发汗、催吐、攻下、温针等疗法，补泻手法错乱施用，于是便形成了坏病，不再具有太阳病的本来面目了。
所谓坏病，就是指日后转入阳明经和三阴经的病证。
阳气偏盛而误泄其阴液，邪气就会传入阳明经；阴气偏盛而误亡其阳气，邪气就会传入三阴经。
原本属于桂枝汤或麻黄汤主治的证候，因误治变成了亢盛的阳证或孤绝的阴证，所以称为“坏”。
至于转入阳明经的病，等待腑热内结结实之后，通过一次攻下即可痊愈，这尚属逆证中的顺证。
然而，如果腑中邪气损伤阴液却未能及时攻下，也潜伏着死亡的危机，这就是顺证中的逆证，这种情况并不少。
至于传入三阴经的病，阴气盛而阳气衰败，动辄令人畏惧危亡，逆证占据大半，顺证不到十分之一。
张仲景因此制定了救逆的方法，根据具体证候进行处置，将逆证转化为顺证，其中蕴含的道理精微奥妙，体现了高明医家的苦心。
桂枝汤和麻黄汤是治疗太阳经风寒的主方。
如果病程长达三天，正气即将转入阳明、太阴的阶段，且已经经过发汗、攻下、温针等治疗而病仍不解除，那么情况必然严重恶化，未必还在太阳经；
即使太阳经的症状尚未完全消失，也未必还属于典型的桂枝汤或麻黄汤证。
此时应当仔细诊察脉象和证候，另立新的治疗方法。
因此总括性地确立坏病的纲领，详细展开救治逆证的方法。
太阳病经过三天，已经发过汗，或者用过催吐、攻下、温针等疗法，病仍然没有解除，这就叫做坏病。
此时不能再给予桂枝汤。
应当观察患者的脉象和证候，了解医生犯了什么错误（逆治），根据当前的证候进行治疗。
太阳病如果治疗得当，应当在太阳本经得到缓解，不至于传入腑脏而演变成坏病。
如果病程长达三天，已经经过发汗、催吐、攻下、温针等各种治疗而病不解除，那就肯定不在太阳经了，一定是由于误治导致邪气传入其他经络而形成了坏病。
应当观察患者的脉象和证候，明确其所犯的错误是什么，根据证候进行治疗。
之所以称为坏病，是因为它已经不是太阳病的原始病证了。
The time when a Taiyang disease (disease of the Taiyang channel) is likely to resolve is from Si hour to Wei hour.
Since Si, Wu, and Wei hours are the times when the Taiyang channel is in command, the disease resolves during this period.
There are standard treatments for wind-cold affecting the Taiyang channel, namely Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) and Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction).
If yang qi is predominant, fearing that the pathogen may later enter the Yangming channel, Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue Green Dragon Decoction) or Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) should be used early to clear dryness-heat;
If yin qi is predominant, fearing that the pathogen may later enter the Three Yin channels, Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Green Dragon Decoction) or Wuling San (Five-Ling Powder) should be used in advance to dispel dampness-cold.
If proper management fails to cure the disease, it indicates that the pathogen remains in the Taiyang channel alone, and it should have resolved after taking medicine, failing to become a "Huai Bing" (ruined/complicated disease).
If the physician does not understand this principle, treating excess as deficiency and deficiency as excess, or erroneously applying sweating, vomiting, purging, or moxibustion therapies with incorrect tonification and sedation methods, a Huai Bing is formed, no longer retaining the original characteristics of a Taiyang disease.
A Huai Bing refers to diseases that subsequently transfer to the Yangming channel and the Three Yin channels.
If yang is predominant and yin fluids are mistakenly drained, the pathogen enters the Yangming channel; if yin is predominant and yang qi is mistakenly lost, the pathogen enters the Three Yin channels.
Syndromes originally indicated for Guizhi Tang or Mahuang Tang transform into hyperactive yang or isolated yin due to mismanagement, hence termed "Huai."
Regarding diseases transferred to the Yangming channel, waiting for internal heat and solidification in the fu organs, followed by a single purgative treatment can lead to recovery; this is still considered a favorable outcome within an adverse situation.
However, if fu organ pathogens damage yin fluids and urgent purging is neglected, a latent risk of death exists; this represents an unfavorable outcome within a seemingly favorable situation, which is quite common.
As for diseases entering the Three Yin channels, where yin is excessive and yang is deficient, danger looms constantly, with adverse conditions accounting for the majority and favorable ones less than ten percent.
Zhang Zhongjing therefore established methods for rescuing adverse conditions, treating according to specific syndromes to transform adversity into compliance, embodying subtle principles and the diligent effort of skilled physicians.
Guizhi Tang and Mahuang Tang are the principal formulas for treating wind-cold of the Taiyang channel.
If the disease persists for three days, approaching the period when qi transitions to Yangming and Taiyin, and has already undergone sweating, purging, and moxibustion treatments without resolution, the condition must have severely deteriorated and may no longer belong to the Taiyang channel;
Even if Taiyang symptoms have not completely ceased, they may no longer fit the typical patterns for Guizhi Tang or Mahuang Tang.
At this stage, one must carefully examine the pulse and syndromes and establish new treatment strategies.
Therefore, a general outline for Huai Bing is established, detailing doors to rescue adverse conditions.
After three days of Taiyang disease, if sweating, vomiting, purging, or moxibustion have been applied but the disease remains unresolved, this is called a Huai Bing.
Guizhi Tang should no longer be administered.
One must observe the pulse and syndromes, identify what error (adverse treatment) was committed, and treat according to the current syndrome.
If Taiyang disease is treated correctly, it should resolve within its own channel, preventing transmission to the zang-fu organs and formation of a Huai Bing.
If after three days, various treatments such as sweating, vomiting, purging, and moxibustion have been employed without resolution, the disease definitely no longer resides in the Taiyang channel but has entered other channels due to mismanagement, forming a Huai Bing.
One must observe the pulse and syndromes, determine the nature of the error committed, and treat based on the syndrome.
It is termed a Huai Bing because it is no longer the original disease pattern of the Taiyang channel.