人愧者其脉何类师曰脉浮而面色乍白乍赤
愧发于心动火炎故面乍赤赤者心之色也火炎金伤故面色乍白白者金之色也心肺之脉俱浮心肺气动是以脉浮人愧而汗
出者心动火炎而刑肺气故气泄而为汗也（此望切之法也）
人不饮其脉何类师曰脉自涩唇口干燥也
素问经脉别论饮入于胃游溢精气上输于脾脾气散精上归于肺通调水道下输膀胱水精四布五经并行盖水入于胃胃阳蒸
动化为精气游溢升腾上输于脾脾气散此水精上归于肺肺气宣化氤氲和洽所谓上焦如雾也肺气清肃则经络通调雾气不滞降
于膀胱而化尿溺人身身半以上水少气多是谓气道身半以下气少水多是谓水道气水一也上下阴阳之分耳水道通调下输膀胱
水滓注泻溲便前行所谓下焦如渎也水气之由经而下行也渣滓输于膀胱而精华滋于经络洒于脏腑润于孔窍浊者下而清者上
水精四布五经并行是以经脉流利而不涩唇口滑泽而不燥不饮则经络失滋故脉自涩孔窍不润故唇口干燥也（此亦望切之
法）
师曰伏气之病以意候之今月之内欲有伏气假令旧有伏气当须脉之若脉微弱者当喉中痛似伤非喉痹也病患云实喉中痛
虽尔今复欲下利
伏气者气之伏藏而未发也凡病之发必旧有伏藏之根气之欲伏未形于脉故应以意候之见其脉气沉郁凝涩则今日之内恐
其欲有伏气自此埋根作异日之病基也假令旧有伏气已形于脉当须脉之若脉微弱者是少阴之伏气也少阴之病法当咽痛而复
下利以肾司二便而脉循咽喉也病于阴分则下利病及阳分则咽痛阴在下而性迟阳在上而性疾下利未作咽喉先见故当喉中痛
也其状似乎喉伤实非厥阴火升之喉痹也征之病患自云实咽中痛阳分之病见矣虽尔阴分之病犹未作也今且复欲下利迟则亦
作矣（此于望闻问切之外广以意候之法也）
问：人感到羞愧时，其脉象是什么样的？
师答：脉象浮，面色时而发白、时而发红。
羞愧由心气发动，心火炎上，所以面色时而发红；红色是心的本色。心火炎上损伤肺金，所以面色时而发白；白色是肺（金）的本色。心和肺的脉象都属浮，心肺之气发动，因此脉象浮。人羞愧而汗出的，是因为心火炎上克制肺气，导致气机外泄而成为汗液。（这是望诊和切诊相结合的方法）
问：人不喝水时，其脉象是什么样的？
师答：脉象自然涩滞，嘴唇和口腔干燥。
《素问·经脉别论》说：水饮进入胃中，游溢精气，向上输送给脾；脾气散精，向上归于肺；通调水道，向下输送到膀胱；水精四布，五经并行。大概水进入胃中，胃阳蒸动，化为精气，游溢升腾，向上输送给脾；脾气散布这些水精，向上归于肺，肺气宣发肃降，氤氲和洽，这就是所谓的“上焦如雾”。肺气清肃则经络通调，雾气不滞留，下降于膀胱而化为尿液。人身半以上水少气多，这叫做气道；人身半以下气少水多，这叫做水道。气和水是同一来源，只是上下阴阳的区别罢了。水道通调，向下输送到膀胱，水之渣滓注泻，大小便前行，这就是所谓的“下焦如渎”。水气由经络下行，渣滓输送到膀胱，而精华滋润于经络，洒布于脏腑，润泽于孔窍。浊者下行，清者上行，水精四布，五经并行，所以经脉流利而不涩滞，嘴唇口腔滑泽而不干燥。如果不喝水，经络失去滋润，所以脉象自然涩滞；孔窍不润，所以嘴唇口腔干燥。（这也是望诊和切诊相结合的方法）
师说：伏气的病，要用意念去候察。在这个月之内，恐怕有伏气。假如旧有伏气，应当通过脉诊来验证。如果脉象微弱，应当喉中痛，看似受伤而非喉痹。病人说确实是喉中痛，虽然如此，现在又想腹泻。
伏气，是指潜藏而未发作的气。凡是疾病发作，必定旧有潜伏的根气。气欲潜伏但未显形于脉象，所以应用意念去候察。见到脉气沉郁凝涩，那么今日之内恐怕要有伏气，从此埋下病根，成为日后发病的基础。假如旧有的伏气已经显形于脉象，应当通过脉诊来验证。如果脉象微弱，这是少阴经的伏气。少阴经的病，法当咽痛而又腹泻，因为肾主管二便且经脉循行经过咽喉。病在阴分则腹泻，病及阳分则咽痛。阴在下而性质迟缓，阳在上而性质急疾，腹泻未作之前，咽喉先见症状，所以应当喉中痛。其状似乎喉咙受伤，实际上不是厥阴火升导致的喉痹。征验于病人自己说确实是咽中痛，阳分的病已经显现了。虽然如此，阴分的病还未发作。现在暂且想要腹泻，迟些时候也会发作。（这是在望、闻、问、切之外，广泛运用意念候察的方法）
Q: What is the pulse pattern when a person feels ashamed?
A: The pulse is floating, and the complexion alternates between pale and red.
Shame arises from the movement of Heart Qi, with Heart Fire flaring upward, hence the complexion turns red; red is the color of the Heart. When Heart Fire flares upward and injures Lung Metal, the complexion turns pale; white is the color of Metal (Lung). Both the Heart and Lung pulses are associated with floating; as Heart and Lung Qi move, the pulse becomes floating. When a person feels ashamed and sweats, it is because Heart Fire flares upward and restricts Lung Qi, causing Qi to leak out as sweat. (This is a method combining observation and palpation.)
Q: What is the pulse pattern when a person does not drink water?
A: The pulse naturally becomes choppy, and the lips and mouth are dry.
The *Su Wen: Jing Mai Bie Lun* states: When fluids enter the Stomach, their essence floats and overflows, moving upward to the Spleen; the Spleen scatters the essence, sending it upward to the Lung; the Lung regulates the water passages, directing them downward to the Bladder; the fluid essence distributes throughout, traversing the five meridians. Generally, when water enters the Stomach, Stomach Yang steams and transforms it into essence, which floats and ascends to the Spleen; the Spleen scatters this fluid essence, sending it upward to the Lung. The Lung’s diffusion and descending functions create a misty harmony, known as "the Upper Jiao is like a mist." When Lung Qi is clear and肃 (descending), the collaterals and channels are unobstructed, the mist does not stagnate, descends to the Bladder, and transforms into urine. Above the middle of the body, there is less water and more Qi, called the Qi pathway; below the middle of the body, there is less Qi and more water, called the Water pathway. Qi and water are one source, differing only in upper/lower Yin/Yang distinctions. When the water passages are regulated, they direct downward to the Bladder, where dregs are excreted via urination and defecation, known as "the Lower Jiao is like a ditch." As water-Qi moves downward through the channels, dregs are transported to the Bladder, while the essence nourishes the channels, spreads to the Zang-Fu organs, and moistens the orifices. Turbid substances descend, clear substances ascend; the fluid essence distributes throughout, traversing the five meridians. Thus, the meridians flow smoothly without being choppy, and the lips and mouth are slippery and moist without being dry. If one does not drink, the channels lose nourishment, so the pulse naturally becomes choppy; the orifices are not moistened, so the lips and mouth become dry. (This is also a method combining observation and palpation.)
Master said: In cases of latent pathogenic Qi, one must use intention to observe. Within this month, there may be latent Qi. If there is pre-existing latent Qi, it must be verified by pulse diagnosis. If the pulse is weak and fine, there should be pain in the throat, resembling injury but not actually pharyngitis (Hou Bi). The patient claims there is indeed pain in the throat. Although so, diarrhea is now desired/expected.
Latent Qi refers to pathogenic factors that are hidden and have not yet manifested. Any disease manifestation must have a root of previously latent Qi. When Qi desires to lie dormant but has not yet taken shape in the pulse, one must use intention to observe. Seeing pulse Qi sinking, depressed, congealed, and choppy suggests that within today, latent Qi may emerge, thereby burying the root for future illness. If pre-existing latent Qi has already taken shape in the pulse, it must be verified by pulse diagnosis. If the pulse is weak and fine, this is latent Qi of the Shaoyin channel. Diseases of the Shaoyin channel typically present with sore throat and diarrhea, as the Kidney governs the two lower orifices and its meridian passes through the throat. Disease in the Yin aspect leads to diarrhea; disease involving the Yang aspect leads to sore throat. Yin resides below and is slow in nature; Yang resides above and is rapid in nature. Since diarrhea has not yet occurred, the throat symptoms appear first, hence pain in the throat. The condition resembles throat injury but is actually not pharyngitis caused by Jueyin Fire rising. Verifying with the patient's own statement of true throat pain indicates that the Yang aspect pathology has appeared. Although so, the Yin aspect pathology has not yet manifested. Currently, diarrhea is expected; later, it will also occur. (This is a method of using intention to observe, extending beyond the standard four diagnostic methods.)