脉阴阳俱紧者口中气出唇口干燥蜷卧足冷鼻中涕出舌上苔滑勿妄治也到七日以来其人微发热手足温者此为欲解到八
日以上反大发热者此为难治设使恶寒者必欲呕也腹内痛者必欲利也
表寒外束脉尺寸俱紧者寸紧则阳郁而上热尺紧则阴郁而下寒上热故口中气出唇口干燥鼻中涕出舌上苔滑下寒故蜷卧
足冷如此勿妄治也六日经尽七日以来而其人微发热手足温者是表里之寒退是为欲解若到八日以上反大发热者是表里之寒
俱盛经阳郁逼而热发也此为难治设使恶寒者表寒外束胃郁而气逆必欲呕也腹内痛者里寒内凝脾郁而气陷必下利也
脉阴阳俱紧者至于吐利其脉犹不解紧去入安此为欲解若脉迟至六七日不欲食此为晚发水停故也为未解食自可者为欲
解
脉阴阳俱紧经迫腑郁至于吐利里气松和病应解也而脉紧不去则病必不解必其脉紧已去而入安和此为欲解也若其紧去
而脉迟至六七日不欲食此为晚发内有水停故也盖阴盛脉迟虽时下无病后必作病特发之晚耳缘水停在内无不作病之理故为
未解若紧去而食自可者是内无停水为欲解也
趺阳脉浮而涩少阴脉如经也其病在脾法当下利何以知之若脉浮大者气实血虚也今趺阳脉浮而涩故知脾气不足胃气虚
也以少阴脉弦而浮才见此为调脉故称如经也若反滑而数者故知当屎脓也
趺阳脉浮而涩此阳明脉之失常而少阴脉之如经也(经即常也)其病应在脾脾病法当下陷而为利何以言之若脉浮而大
者气实而血虚也此为阳盛阳盛则脾不病今趺阳脉不浮大而浮涩故知脾气不足胃气之虚也胃阳虚则脾阴盛是以脾当下陷而
为利盖阳盛则腑阳主令而脾不用事故病在胃阴病则脏阴司权而胃不用事故病在脾也以少阴脉弦而浮则少阴病缘水不生木
而木郁于水故脉见弦浮是少阴不调之脉也才见此浮涩便为调脉故称如经也以少阴主藏敛涩者脏气之得令也而涩中带浮是
水温而胎木气也少阴最调之脉若反滑而数者则木郁而生下热必伤阴分而便脓血乃为少阴失常之脉也
脉象寸尺阴阳两部都呈现紧象,患者口中呼出热气,嘴唇和口腔干燥,身体蜷缩而卧,脚部发冷,鼻中流清涕,舌面上有滑腻苔。此时不要妄加治疗。等到第七天左右,如果患者出现轻微发热、手足转温,这是病情将要解除的征兆;如果到了第八天以后,反而出现严重发热,这就属于难治之症。假如伴有怕冷的症状,必然想要呕吐;假如伴有腹部疼痛,必然想要腹泻。
表寒外束,导致脉象寸尺俱紧。寸脉紧则阳气郁结而上焦生热,尺脉紧则阴气郁结而下焦生寒。上焦生热,所以口中呼气、唇口干燥、鼻流清涕、舌苔滑腻;下焦生寒,所以身体蜷缩、足部寒冷。像这种情况,不要妄加治疗。六天为一个经气循环周期,到了第七天,如果患者微微发热、手足温暖,说明表里之寒邪退去,这是病情将要解除的表现。如果到了第八天以后,反而严重发热,这是表里寒邪俱盛,阳气被郁遏逼迫而化热,这属于难治之症。假如伴有恶寒,是表寒外束,胃气郁滞而上逆,必然想要呕吐;假如伴有腹内疼痛,是里寒凝滞,脾气郁陷,必然发生腹泻。
脉象寸尺阴阳俱紧,如果出现呕吐或腹泻,但脉象仍然没有缓解(保持紧象),若紧脉消失且脉搏变得缓和安舒,这是病情将要解除。如果脉象转为迟缓,到了第六七天不想吃东西,这是发病较晚,因为体内有水饮停聚,所以病未解除。如果饮食正常,则是病情将要解除。
脉象寸尺阴阳俱紧,因经脉受迫、腑气郁滞而导致呕吐腹泻,此时里气松缓调和,病应当解除。但如果紧脉不去,病必定不解。只有当紧脉已去,脉搏变得安和,才是病情将要解除。如果紧脉已去而脉象迟缓,到了第六七天不想进食,这是发病较晚,因为内有水饮停聚的缘故。一般来说,阴气盛则脉迟,虽然当下可能没有明显病症,但日后必会发病,只是发作得晚罢了。因为水饮停聚在体内,没有不致病的道理,所以判定为病未解除。如果紧脉已去而饮食如常,说明内部没有停水,这是病情将要解除。
趺阳脉浮而涩,少阴脉符合常经(正常状态)。病位在脾,按照法度应当出现腹泻。为什么这样判断?如果脉象浮大,是气实血虚。现在趺阳脉浮而涩,所以知道是脾气不足、胃气虚弱。少阴脉弦而浮,刚刚见到这种脉象称为调脉,所以称之为“如经”(符合常道)。如果少阴脉反而滑而数,所以知道应当排出脓血。
趺阳脉浮而涩,这是阳明脉失常而少阴脉如常(经即常也)。病应在脾,脾病法度上应当下陷而为泄利。为什么这样说?如果脉象浮大,是气实而血虚,此为阳盛,阳盛则脾不生病。现在趺阳脉不是浮大而是浮涩,所以知道脾气不足、胃气虚弱。胃阳虚则脾阴盛,因此脾应当下陷而为泄利。盖因阳盛则腑阳主令而脾不用事,故病在胃;阴病则脏阴司权而胃不用事,故病在脾。以少阴脉弦而浮来看,少阴病是因为水不生木,木气郁于水中,所以脉见弦浮,这是少阴不调之脉。才见到浮涩便为调脉,所以称如经。少阴主藏敛,涩者乃脏气得令的表现,而涩中带浮,表示水温而孕育木气,这是少阴最调和的脉象。如果反而滑而数,则是木郁而生下焦热,必然损伤阴分而大便脓血,这才是少阴失常的脉象。
When the pulse is tight in both Yin and Yang positions (Yin: cun, Yang: chi), the patient exhales hot air from the mouth, the lips and mouth are dry, the body curls up while lying down, the feet are cold, there is runny nose with clear mucus, and a slippery coating on the tongue. Do not treat recklessly at this time. If, after seven days, the person exhibits slight fever and warm hands and feet, this indicates that the disease is about to resolve. If, however, after eight days, there is severe fever instead, this is difficult to treat. If accompanied by aversion to cold, vomiting is inevitable; if accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea is inevitable.
Exterior cold binds externally, causing the pulse at both cun and chi positions to be tight. Tightness at the cun position indicates Yang constraint leading to upper heat, while tightness at the chi position indicates Yin constraint leading to lower cold. Upper heat causes hot breath, dry lips and mouth, runny nose, and slippery tongue coating; lower cold causes curling of the body and cold feet. In such cases, do not treat recklessly. Six days constitute one cycle of meridian qi. By the seventh day, if the person has slight fever and warm extremities, it means the exterior and interior cold pathogens have retreated, indicating the disease is about to resolve. If, after eight days, severe fever appears instead, it signifies that exterior and interior cold pathogens are abundant, and Yang Qi is constrained and forced to generate heat; this is difficult to treat. If accompanied by aversion to cold, exterior cold binding causes Stomach Qi constraint and rebellion, leading to vomiting. If accompanied by abdominal pain, interior cold coagulation causes Spleen Qi constraint and sinking, leading to diarrhea.
When the pulse is tight in both Yin and Yang positions, if vomiting or diarrhea occurs but the pulse remains tight without resolving, and the tightness disappears while the pulse becomes calm and harmonious, the disease is about to resolve. If the pulse becomes slow, and by the sixth or seventh day the patient loses appetite, this is a late onset due to water retention inside, so the disease has not resolved. If eating is normal, the disease is about to resolve.
When the pulse is tight in both Yin and Yang positions, constriction of meridians and stagnation of Fu organs lead to vomiting and diarrhea. At this point, the interior Qi relaxes and harmonizes, and the disease should resolve. However, if the tight pulse persists, the disease will not resolve. Only when the tight pulse disappears and the pulse becomes calm and harmonious does it indicate the disease is about to resolve. If the tight pulse disappears but the pulse becomes slow, and by the sixth or seventh day the patient loses appetite, this is a late onset due to internal water retention. Generally, excess Yin leads to a slow pulse; although there may be no obvious symptoms initially, disease will inevitably arise later, merely delayed. Since water retention inside invariably causes pathology, this is judged as unresolved. If the tight pulse disappears and appetite remains normal, it indicates no internal water retention, signifying the disease is about to resolve.
The Duzhong pulse (Stomach pulse) is floating and choppy, while the Shaoyin pulse (Kidney pulse) follows the regular pattern. The disease is located in the Spleen, and according to principles, diarrhea should occur. Why? If the pulse were floating and large, it would indicate Qi excess and Blood deficiency. Now, since the Duzhong pulse is floating and choppy, we know there is Spleen Qi insufficiency and Stomach Qi deficiency. The Shaoyin pulse being wiry and floating, when just appearing, is considered a balanced pulse, hence termed "like the classic" (following the norm). If it were instead slippery and rapid, we would know pus and blood would appear in the stool.
The Duzhong pulse being floating and choppy indicates abnormality in the Yangming pulse while the Shaoyin pulse remains normal ("jing" means normal). The pathology lies in the Spleen; Spleen disease typically manifests as sinking and diarrhea. Why? A floating and large pulse indicates Qi excess and Blood deficiency, representing Yang excess, which prevents Spleen disease. Since the Duzhong pulse is now floating and choppy rather than large, we know Spleen Qi is insufficient and Stomach Qi is deficient. Stomach Yang deficiency leads to Spleen Yin excess, causing the Spleen to sink and result in diarrhea. When Yang is excessive, the Fu-Yang governs and the Spleen is inactive, so the disease is in the Stomach; when Yin pathology prevails, the Zang-Yin governs and the Stomach is inactive, so the disease is in the Spleen. Regarding the Shaoyin pulse being wiry and floating: Shaoyin disease arises because Water fails to generate Wood, causing Wood to stagnate within Water, resulting in a wiry and floating pulse, which is an unbalanced Shaoyin pulse. A floating and choppy pulse is considered balanced, hence "like the classic." Shaoyin governs storage and consolidation; a choppy pulse reflects proper Zang Qi function. Choppy with floating indicates warm Water nurturing Wood Qi, which is the most harmonious Shaoyin pulse. If it were instead slippery and rapid, Wood stagnation would generate lower heat, damaging the Yin aspect and causing bloody purulent stools, which represents an abnormal Shaoyin pulse.