葱白 干姜 附子
主少阴下利脉微者。内经曰。肾苦燥急食辛以润之。葱白之辛。以通阳气。姜附之辛。
以散阴寒。
葱白 干姜 附子
主少阴下利脉微者。内经曰。肾苦燥急食辛以润之。葱白之辛。以通阳气。姜附之辛。
以散阴寒。
葱白 干姜 附子
主少阴下利脉微者。内经曰。肾苦燥急食辛以润之。葱白之辛。以通阳气。姜附之辛。
以散阴寒。
当归 桂枝 芍药 细辛 甘草 通草 大枣
主手足厥寒。脉细欲绝。 手足厥寒者。阳气外虚不能温于四末。脉细欲绝者。阴血内
弱不能充于经队。桂枝细辛。调卫外之阳气。当归芍药。和营内之阴精。通草宣利。甘枣缓中。
则阴阳均受剂矣。厥寒有不愈者乎
当归 甘草 通草 芍药 桂枝 细辛 生姜 大枣 吴茱萸
主内有久寒。厥寒。脉细欲绝者。 症虽同上。但久寒之人。阳气益弱。非生姜茱萸。
不能充温于四末。然不用四逆汤。何也为手足厥寒邪犹浅也。按仲景凡言四逆者。乃四肢逆冷之
省文也
谓也。其邪为浅。仲景下字不苟。须合而玩之。则轻重浅深。一览了然矣。或曰四肢厥逆。或
但曰四逆
。皆轻症也。
麻黄 升麻 当归 知母 黄芩 葳蕤 石膏 白术 干姜 芍药 天门冬 桂枝 茯
苓甘草
伤寒六七日。大下后。寸脉沉而迟。手足厥逆。下部脉不至。喉咽不利。吐脓血。泄利
不止者。为难治。麻黄升麻汤主之。 伤寒六七日。邪传厥阴之时也。大下后。下焦气虚。阳气
内陷。寸脉迟而手足厥。下部脉不至。厥阴之脉贯膈循喉咙。故咽喉不利而吐脓血也。此肝
家雷火燥金。若泄利不止。又绝肺金生化之源。故为难治。 热气甚者。以汗发之。故用麻黄
升麻。正气虚者。以辛润之。故用当归姜桂。肺热者。以苦泄之。故入知母黄芩。津竭者。
以甘润之。故入茯苓白术。以芍药甘草制肝。以门冬葳蕤润肺。更以石膏清胃。勿使东方之
邪。犯中气也。
葱白、干姜、附子
主治少阴病（少经受邪所致的病证）出现下利（腹泻）、脉象微弱的情况。《内经》说：肾脏厌恶干燥，应当食用辛味药物来滋润它。葱白的辛味，能够通达阳气；干姜和附子的辛味，能够驱散阴寒。
葱白、干姜、附子
主治少阴病出现下利、脉象微弱的情况。《内经》说：肾脏厌恶干燥，应当食用辛味药物来滋润它。葱白的辛味，能够通达阳气；干姜和附子的辛味，能够驱散阴寒。
葱白、干姜、附子
主治少阴病出现下利、脉象微弱的情况。《内经》说：肾脏厌恶干燥，应当食用辛味药物来滋润它。葱白的辛味，能够通达阳气；干姜和附子的辛味，能够驱散阴寒。
当归、桂枝、芍药、细辛、甘草、通草、大枣
主治手足寒冷厥逆、脉象细微几乎摸不到的情况。手足寒冷厥逆，是因为阳气在外虚弱，不能温煦四肢末端；脉象细微几乎摸不到，是因为阴血在内虚弱，不能充盈经脉。桂枝和细辛，调和体表的卫外阳气；当归和芍药，调和体内的营血阴精；通草宣通利窍，甘草和大枣缓和中焦脾胃之气，这样阴阳都能得到药物的调治，难道还有治不好的厥冷寒症吗？
当归、甘草、通草、芍药、桂枝、细辛、生姜、大枣、吴茱萸
主治体内有久积之寒邪，出现手足厥冷寒痛、脉象细微几乎摸不到的情况。症状虽然与上面相同，但对于有久寒病史的人，阳气更加虚弱，如果不是用生姜和吴茱萸，就不能充分温煦四肢末端。然而为什么不使用四逆汤呢？这是因为手足厥冷寒痛表明邪气尚浅。按张仲景的说法，凡是提到“四逆”的，是“四肢逆冷”的简称。邪气较浅，张仲景用字严谨不苟且，必须结合上下文研读，那么病情的轻重浅深，一目了然。有人说四肢厥逆，或者只说四逆，都属于轻症。
麻黄、升麻、当归、知母、黄芩、玉竹（葳蕤）、石膏、白术、干姜、芍药、天门冬、桂枝、茯苓、甘草
伤寒病六七天，经过猛烈攻下之后，出现寸口脉沉而迟，手足厥冷逆乱，下部脉搏摸不到，咽喉不利，吐脓血，泄泻不止的情况，属于难治之症，用麻黄升麻汤主治。伤寒病六七天，是邪气传入厥阴经的时候。经过猛烈攻下后，下焦气虚，阳气内陷，导致寸口脉迟且手足厥冷。厥阴经的脉络贯穿膈肌并循行于喉咙，所以咽喉不利并吐出脓血。这是肝家雷火燥伤肺金，如果泄泻不止，又断绝了肺金生化之源，所以难以治疗。热气盛者，用发汗法解除，所以用麻黄和升麻；正气虚者，用辛润法调理，所以用当归、干姜和桂枝；肺热者，用苦泄法清泄，所以加入知母和黄芩；津液枯竭者，用甘润法滋润，所以加入茯苓和白术；用芍药和甘草制约肝木，用天门冬和玉竹润肺，再用石膏清胃热，防止东方（肝）的邪气侵犯中气（脾胃）。
Scallion White (Congbai), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Aconite Root (Fuzi)
Indicated for Shaoyin disease (disease syndrome caused by pathogenic invasion of the Shaoyin channel) presenting with diarrhea and a faint pulse. The *Neijing* states: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; one should consume acrid substances to moisten it." The acridity of Scallion White (Congbai) unblocks Yang Qi; the acridity of Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) and Aconite Root (Fuzi) disperses Yin-Cold.
Scallion White (Congbai), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Aconite Root (Fuzi)
Indicated for Shaoyin disease presenting with diarrhea and a faint pulse. The *Neijing* states: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; one should consume acrid substances to moisten it." The acridity of Scallion White (Congbai) unblocks Yang Qi; the acridity of Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) and Aconite Root (Fuzi) disperses Yin-Cold.
Scallion White (Congbai), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Aconite Root (Fuzi)
Indicated for Shaoyin disease presenting with diarrhea and a faint pulse. The *Neijing* states: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; one should consume acrid substances to moisten it." The acridity of Scallion White (Congbai) unblocks Yang Qi; the acridity of Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) and Aconite Root (Fuzi) disperses Yin-Cold.
Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Asarum Root (Xixin), Licorice Root (Gancao), Tetrapanax Pith (Tongcao), Jujube Fruit (Dazao)
Indicated for cold extremities with reversal cold (Juehan) and a fine pulse nearly imperceptible. Cold extremities with reversal cold occur because Yang Qi is deficient externally and cannot warm the four extremities. A fine pulse nearly imperceptible occurs because Yin-Blood is weak internally and cannot fill the meridians. Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) and Asarum Root (Xixin) regulate the defensive Yang Qi on the exterior; Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Peony Root (Shaoyao) harmonize the nutritive Yin-Essence within. Tetrapanax Pith (Tongcao) promotes circulation and unblocks, while Licorice Root (Gancao) and Jujube Fruit (Dazao) moderate the Middle Jiao. Thus, both Yin and Yang receive treatment, and how could reversal cold fail to heal?
Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Licorice Root (Gancao), Tetrapanax Pith (Tongcao), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Asarum Root (Xixin), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang), Jujube Fruit (Dazao), Evodia Fruit (Wuzhuyu)
Indicated for chronic internal cold, presenting with cold extremities, reversal cold, and a fine pulse nearly imperceptible. Although the symptoms are identical to the above, in patients with chronic cold, Yang Qi is further weakened. Without Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) and Evodia Fruit (Wuzhuyu), it is impossible to sufficiently warm the four extremities. However, why is Si Ni Tang not used? This is because cold extremities indicate that the pathogen is still shallow. According to Zhang Zhongjing, whenever "Si Ni" (Four Reversals) is mentioned, it is an abbreviation for "cold limbs with reversal" (Sizhi Niling). The pathogen is shallow, and Zhang Zhongjing's terminology is rigorous and precise. One must read these texts together to clearly understand the severity, shallowness, and depth of the condition at a glance. Some say that limb reversal cold, or simply "Si Ni," all refer to mild conditions.
Ephedra Stem (Mahuang), Corydalis Rhizome (Shengma), Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Polygonatum Rhizome (Weirui), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Peony Root (Shaoyao), Asparagus Tuber (Tianmendong), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), Poria (Fuling), Licorice Root (Gancao)
In Shanghan (Cold Damage) disease lasting six or seven days, after severe purgation, if the Cun (inch) pulse is deep and slow, extremities are cold and reversed, the lower pulses are absent, there is throat discomfort, expectoration of pus and blood, and incessant diarrhea, this is considered difficult to treat. Mahuang Shengma Decoction (Mahuang Shengma Tang) is indicated. Six or seven days into Shanghan disease is when the pathogen transmits to the Jueyin channel. After severe purgation, Qi in the Lower Jiao becomes deficient, and Yang Qi sinks inward, causing the Cun pulse to be slow and extremities to become cold. The Jueyin channel passes through the diaphragm and follows the throat; therefore, throat discomfort and expectoration of pus and blood occur. This represents Liver Fire drying Lung Metal. If diarrhea continues, it cuts off the source of generation for Lung Metal, making it difficult to treat. For intense heat, sweating is used to release it; thus, Ephedra Stem (Mahuang) and Corydalis Rhizome (Shengma) are employed. For deficient Zheng Qi, acrid-moistening methods are used; thus, Angelica Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), and Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) are used. For Lung heat, bitter-draining methods are used; thus, Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) and Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) are added. For exhausted fluids, sweet-moistening methods are used; thus, Poria (Fuling) and Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) are added. Peony Root (Shaoyao) and Licorice Root (Gancao) restrain the Liver; Asparagus Tuber (Tianmendong) and Polygonatum Rhizome (Weirui) moisten the Lungs. Furthermore, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) clears Stomach heat to prevent pathogens from the East (Liver) from invading the Central Qi (Spleen and Stomach).