太阳膀胱经。为诸经之首。四通八达之衢。故多传变。其经起于目内 。从头下后项。
连风府。行身之背。终于足小指。其症头项痛。腰脊强。恶心拘急。体痛。骨节痛。发热。恶寒
。此表症标病。脉浮紧有力。无汗为表实。寒伤营血。宜麻黄汤发表。浮缓无力。有汗为表
虚。风伤卫气。宜桂枝汤实表散邪。身疼热甚而烦。脉浮而紧。此伤风见寒脉也。身不疼。
热少不烦。脉浮而缓。此伤寒见风脉也。俱用大青龙汤发之。脉静为不传。脉躁盛为欲传。
如脉浮。发热烦渴。小便不利。此太阳传本病。宜五苓散利之。小便如常者。不可利也。
恐引邪入里。为热结膀胱。又不可下。恐表邪乘虚入里。为痞满结胸。协热下利。虽当汗者。亦
勿太过。恐其亡阳肉 筋惕。故有汗禁麻黄。无汗禁桂枝。有汗勿再汗。汗多则小便不利。
阳明胃经。乃两阳合明于前后。腑居中土。万物所归。其经起于鼻交 中。络目循
于面。行身之前。终于足大指。其症目痛。鼻干。不眠。头额痛。身微热。恶寒。脉洪长。
此阳明标病。宜葛根汤解肌。身热渴饮汗出恶热。脉洪数。此阳明本病。宜白虎汤清热。潮
热自汗谵渴。不恶寒。反恶热。揭去衣被。扬手掷足。 黄狂闭。或手足乍冷乍温。腹满硬
痛喘急。脉沉数。此正阳明腑病。调胃承气汤下之。自汗者勿利小便。恐津液枯竭也。
足太阳膀胱经，是各条经络的开端，如同四通八达的交通枢纽，因此容易发生传变。该经脉起始于目内眦，从头向下经过后项部，连接风府穴，沿身体背部下行，终止于足小趾。其症状表现为头痛、项强、腰部及脊柱僵硬、恶心、肢体拘急疼痛、骨节疼痛、发热、恶寒。这些属于表证的标病。若脉象浮紧有力，无汗，为表实证，因寒邪损伤营血，适宜使用麻黄汤发汗解表；若脉象浮缓无力，有汗，为表虚证，因风邪损伤卫气，适宜使用桂枝汤固表祛邪。若身体疼痛、热势甚重且烦躁，脉象浮而紧，这是伤风却见到伤寒的脉象；若身体不痛、热势较轻且不烦躁，脉象浮而缓，这是伤寒却见到伤风的脉象。这两种情况均宜用大青龙汤发汗解表。若脉象平静，说明病邪未传变；若脉象躁动盛大，说明病邪欲传变。如脉象浮，伴有发热、烦躁、口渴、小便不利，这是太阳经传入本腑的病证，适宜用五苓散利水渗湿。若小便正常，则不可利水，以免引邪入里，导致热结膀胱。又不可攻下，以免表邪乘虚入里，导致痞满、结胸或协热下利。即使是应当发汗的情况，也不宜发汗太过，以免导致亡阳、肌肉跳动、筋脉抽搐。因此，有汗者禁用麻黄，无汗者禁用桂枝；已有汗出者不再发汗，若发汗过多则会导致小便不利。
足阳明胃经，乃两阳相合之明，腑位居中土，为万物所归。该经脉起始于鼻翼旁，交会于鼻根中部，联络眼部，循行于面部，沿身体前侧下行，终止于足大趾。其症状表现为目痛、鼻干、失眠、头额疼痛、身体微热、恶寒，脉象洪大悠长，这是阳明经的标病，适宜用葛根汤解肌发表。若身体发热、口渴饮水、汗出、恶热，脉象洪数，这是阳明经的本病，适宜用白虎汤清热生津。若出现潮热、自汗、谵语、口渴，不恶寒反而恶热，掀去衣被，扬手掷足，面色发黄、神志狂乱、二便闭塞，或者手足时而冷时而温，腹部胀满硬痛、气喘急促，脉象沉数，这是典型的阳明腑病，适宜用调胃承气汤攻下泄热。若有自汗者，不可利小便，以免津液枯竭。
The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian is the head of all meridians, acting as a hub with connections in all directions; thus, it is prone to transmission. The meridian originates at the inner canthus of the eye, descends from the head through the posterior neck, connects with the Fengfu (GV16) acupoint, runs along the back of the body, and terminates at the little toe. Its symptoms include headache, stiff neck, stiffness of the waist and spine, nausea, limb rigidity and pain, joint pain, fever, and aversion to cold. These are marked diseases of the exterior syndrome. If the pulse is floating, tight, and forceful, with no sweating, it indicates an exterior excess syndrome caused by cold damaging the Ying (Nutritive) Blood; Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) should be used to induce sweating and release the exterior. If the pulse is floating, slow, and weak, with sweating, it indicates an exterior deficiency syndrome caused by wind damaging the Wei (Defensive) Qi; Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) should be used to consolidate the exterior and dispel pathogens. If there is body pain, severe heat, irritability, and a floating-tight pulse, this is wind-strike presenting with cold-pulse characteristics. If there is no body pain, mild heat, no irritability, and a floating-slow pulse, this is cold-strike presenting with wind-pulse characteristics. In both cases, Da Qing Long Tang (Major Blue Green Dragon Decoction) should be used to induce sweating. A quiet pulse indicates no transmission; a restless and vigorous pulse indicates impending transmission. If the pulse is floating, accompanied by fever, irritability, thirst, and dysuria, this represents the transmission of Taiyang disease to its interior organ (Bladder); Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) should be used to promote urination. If urination is normal, diuresis must not be induced, lest it draw pathogens inward, leading to Heat Binding in the Bladder. Purging must also be avoided, lest exterior pathogens enter the interior due to deficiency, resulting in Pi Man (Glomus fullness), Jie Xiong (Chest Binding), or Xie Re Xia Li (Collateral Heat Diarrhea). Even when sweating is indicated, it should not be excessive, lest it lead to Yang Collapse, muscle twitching, and tendon tremors. Therefore, Ma Huang is contraindicated for those with sweat, and Gui Zhi is contraindicated for those without sweat. Those who already have sweat should not undergo further sweating; excessive sweating leads to dysuria.
The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian represents the convergence of two Yangs, with the Fu organ situated in the Central Earth, serving as the destination for all things. The meridian originates at the side of the nose, intersects at the root of the nose, connects with the eyes, and circulates along the face, running down the anterior aspect of the body, and terminating at the big toe. Its symptoms include eye pain, dry nose, insomnia, forehead pain, slight body heat, and aversion to cold, with a洪 (Surging) and long pulse. This is a marked disease of Yangming, suitable for Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) to resolve the muscles. If there is high fever, thirst with desire to drink, sweating, aversion to heat, and a洪-numerous pulse, this is a fundamental disease of Yangming, suitable for Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) to clear heat. If there is tidal fever, spontaneous sweating, delirium, thirst, aversion to cold is absent but aversion to heat is present, patients throw off clothes and blankets, wave hands and kick feet, exhibit yellow complexion, mania, and constipation/urinary retention, or experience alternating cold and warmth in the extremities, abdominal distension, hardness, pain, panting, and a沉-numerous pulse, this is a typical Yangming Fu organ disease. Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Bowel-Regulating Decoction) should be used to purge. For those with spontaneous sweating, diuresis must not be induced, lest fluids and essence become depleted.