伤寒温病发于春。夏月伤寒热病临。羌活冲和汤可治。防风通圣散能平。
伤寒即病者。谓之伤寒。不即病者。谓之温暑。及冬时伤寒。至春变为温病。至夏
变为
热病也。其原不殊。故一称为伤寒。其类则殊。施治不得相混。今人或疑麻黄桂枝汤不可
用。不知伤寒冬寒之时。寒邪在表。开其腠理。非辛温不能散之。此麻黄桂枝等剂。所以必
用也。温病热病。发于暄热之时。郁热自内达外。无寒在表。故非辛凉寒苦酸之剂。不能解
。此麻黄桂枝所以不可用。而后人所处九味羌活汤、防风通圣散之类。兼治内外者之所以
可用也。
九味羌活汤防风。黄芩白芷与川芎。苍术生地细辛甘。煎法还用姜枣葱。防风通圣将军
芍。薄荷归芎草朴硝。栀翘芩桔并白术。麻黄荆芥滑石膏。
阳毒狂言面赤红。身斑烦躁数弦洪。黄连承气专能治。犀角升麻汤可攻。
阳毒者。谓邪气深重。或失汗。或失下。或误服热药。遂变成阳毒。其脉弦洪促数。其症
面目
俱赤。发斑如锦纹。心下结闷烦躁咽痛。甚则狂言奔走。逾垣上屋。宜以升麻葛根汤、犀角
地黄汤、大承气汤、黄连解毒汤详症治之。五日者可治。过六七日不可治矣。
阴毒唇青厥冷频。腹痛阴燥疾而沉。回阳四逆专能治。真武和阴悉可平。
阴毒者。谓肾本虚寒。或伤冷物。或感寒邪。或汗下失宜。遂变成毒。其脉沉细而疾。
其症
爪唇青黑。四肢厥冷。身如被杖。腹中绞痛。甚则阴极发燥。精神恍惚。宜以四逆真武汤详
症治之。五日可治。过六七日不可治矣。
伤寒与温病多发生于春季。夏季则多见伤寒热病。羌活冲和汤可以治疗，防风通圣散能够平复病情。
伤寒即发病的，称为伤寒；不立即发病的，称为温病或暑病。到了冬季感受寒邪，至春季变为温病，至夏季变为热病。其病因本源并无不同，所以统称为伤寒。但其证候类别不同，施治时不可混淆。如今有人怀疑麻黄汤、桂枝汤不可使用，殊不知在伤寒冬寒之时，寒邪在体表，需开启腠理（皮肤毛孔），非辛温药物不能发散它。这就是必须使用麻黄汤、桂枝汤等方剂的原因。温病和热病，发生在温暖炎热之时，郁热从体内达于体表，体表无寒邪，所以非辛凉、寒苦、酸味药物不能解除。这就是麻黄汤、桂枝汤不可使用，而后人所开的九味羌活汤、防风通圣散等兼治内外的方剂之所以可用的原因。
九味羌活汤由羌活、防风、黄芩、白芷、川芎、苍术、生地、细辛、甘草组成，煎服法还需加入生姜、大枣、葱白。防风通圣散由将军（大黄）、芍药、薄荷、当归、川芎、甘草、朴硝、栀子、连翘、黄芩、桔梗、白术、麻黄、荆芥、滑石、石膏组成。
阳毒患者胡言乱语，面色红赤，身体出现斑疹，烦躁不安，脉象弦、洪、数。黄连承气汤专门能治疗，犀角升麻汤可以攻逐邪气。
所谓阳毒，是指邪气深重，或因失于发汗，或因失于泻下，或因误服热性药物，从而变成阳毒。其脉象弦、洪、促、数。症状表现为面目俱红，皮肤发斑如锦纹，心下痞结闷痛，烦躁咽痛，甚至胡言乱语、奔跑奔走、翻墙登屋。适宜以升麻葛根汤、犀角地黄汤、大承气汤、黄连解毒汤根据具体症状进行治疗。发病五日内可治，超过六七日则不可治。
阴毒患者嘴唇青紫，四肢厥冷频繁发作，腹痛，阴部燥热，脉象疾而沉。回阳救逆的四逆汤专门能治疗，真武汤调和阴阳均可平复病情。
所谓阴毒，是指肾本虚寒，或因损伤生冷食物，或因感受寒邪，或因发汗泻下不当，从而变成阴毒。其脉象沉细而疾。症状表现为指甲和嘴唇青黑，四肢厥冷，身体感觉像被棍棒打过一样疼痛，腹中绞痛，甚至因阴极而发燥，精神恍惚。适宜以四逆汤、真武汤根据具体症状进行治疗。发病五日内可治，超过六七日则不可治。
Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wenbing (Warm Diseases) often occur in spring. In summer, Shanghan and Rebing (Heat Diseases) are prevalent. Qianghuo Chonghe Tang (Notopterygium Harmonizing Decoction) can treat them, and Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia Universal Rescue Powder) can pacify the condition.
When Shanghan manifests immediately after exposure, it is called Shanghan; when it does not manifest immediately, it is called Wenbing or Shubing (Summerheat Disease). Cold pathogenic factors contracted in winter transform into Wenbing in spring and into Rebing in summer. The origin of these diseases is not different, hence they are collectively referred to as Shanghan. However, their categories differ, and treatments must not be confused. Some people today doubt the use of Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) and Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). They do not realize that during the cold winter, when cold pathogens are on the exterior, the couli (skin pores) need to be opened; only acrid-warm herbs can disperse them. This is why Mahuang Tang and Guizhi Tang are essential. Wenbing and Rebing occur during warm and hot weather, with stagnant heat reaching from the interior to the exterior, without cold on the exterior. Therefore, only acrid-cool, bitter-cold, or sour herbs can resolve the condition. This explains why Mahuang Tang and Guizhi Tang cannot be used, while later prescriptions like Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang (Nine-Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction) and Fangfeng Tongsheng San, which treat both interior and exterior, are applicable.
Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang contains Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The decoction method requires adding Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), and Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). Fangfeng Tongsheng San contains Jiangjun (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, i.e., Dahuang), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong, Gancao, Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Qiaomiao (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), Huangqin, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Huashi (Talcum), and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).
Yangdu (Yang Toxin) patients speak deliriously, have a red face, develop macules on the body, feel irritable, and present with a wiry, surging, rapid pulse. Huanglian Chengqi Tang (Coptis Bowel-Unblocking Decoction) is specifically effective, and Xijiao Shengma Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Ligusticum Decoction) can attack the pathogen.
Yangdu refers to severe pathogenic factors resulting from failure to sweat, failure to purge, or mistaken administration of hot-natured drugs. The pulse is wiry, surging, hurried, and rapid. Symptoms include redness of the face and eyes, skin macules resembling brocade patterns, epigastric fullness and oppression, irritability, sore throat, and in severe cases, delirious speech, running about, climbing walls, and roofs. Treatment should be tailored based on symptoms using Shengma Gegen Tang (Kudzu and Ligusticum Decoction), Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction), Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction), or Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction). If treated within five days, it is curable; if more than six or seven days pass, it becomes incurable.
Yindu (Yin Toxin) patients have blue lips, frequent cold limbs, abdominal pain, dryness in the yin region, and a deep, rapid pulse. SiNi Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) for restoring yang is specifically effective, and Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) for harmonizing yin can also pacify the condition.
Yindu refers to a constitutional deficiency and cold of the Kidney, resulting from consuming cold foods, contracting cold pathogens, or improper sweating and purging. The pulse is deep, fine, and rapid. Symptoms include cyanosis of the nails and lips, cold extremities, a sensation as if beaten by a club, colicky abdominal pain, and in severe cases, restlessness due to extreme yin, and mental confusion. Treatment should be tailored using SiNi Tang and Zhenwu Tang. If treated within five days, it is curable; if more than six or seven days pass, it becomes incurable.