伤寒死脉定难痊。阳病见阴端可怜。（仲景云。阳病见阴脉者死。）上气脉散为形损。耳聋浮涩命难全。（仲景云。伤
寒。咳逆上气。其脉散者死。谓其形损。故也。扁鹊云。病若耳聋。脉反浮大而涩者。死也。）谵言身热宜洪大。沉细而
微寿不延。腹大泄利当微细。紧大而滑归下泉。吐衄若得沉细吉。浮大而牢叹逝川。（扁鹊云。病若谵言妄语。身当有热。
脉当洪大。而反手足厥逆。脉沉细而微者而死。病若大腹泄。脉当微细而涩。反得紧大而滑者死。病若吐血复鼽衄血者。
脉当沉细。而反浮大而牢者。死也。）阴阳俱虚热不止。乍疏乍数命归天。（仲景云。阴阳俱虚。热不止者死。脉至乍数
乍疏者死。）如屋漏。如雀啄。来如弹石去解索。（经云。脉如屋漏。如雀啄者死。脉来如弹石。去如解索者死。弹石者。
辟辟急也。解索者。动数而随散乱。无复以绪者也。）虾游鱼翔脉证乖。转豆偃刀形候恶。（经云。病患脉如虾之游。如
鱼之翔者死。脉如转豆者死。如偃刀者死。）下不至关阳气绝。上不至关阴气铄。（经云。寸脉下不至关为阳绝。尺脉上
不至关为阴绝。皆死不治。）代脉来时不用医。必定倾危难救药。（仲景云。代。阴也。得此脉者必难治也。）
伤寒死候要须知。泄而腹满大难医。舌本烂伤热不已。（千金云。伤寒死候有九证。二曰泄而腹满甚者死。六曰舌本
烂伤。热不已者死。）汗后脉躁亦倾危。（太素云。热病已得汗。而脉尚躁。此阴极之脉也。死。千金云。伤寒已得汗。
脉静者。生躁者死。）汗出虽多不至足。（千金云。汗出不至足者死。）手循衣缝更何为。（华佗云。病患手循衣缝者不可
活。）卵缩舌卷证候恶。（华陀云。卵缩舌卷者必死。）口张目陷不多时。（华佗云。口如鱼。口不闭。目眶陷者皆死。）赤
斑五死一生在。黑斑十死更何疑（凡发斑者。热乘虚入胃。胃烂故也。赤斑出五死一生。黑斑出十死一生。）两感伤寒最
大忌。死期六日命难追。（仲景云。热虽甚不死。若两感于寒而病者。必死。）
伤寒病出现死脉，注定难以痊愈。阳证见到阴脉，结局十分可悲。（张仲景说：阳证见到阴脉的，会死亡。）气逆上冲且脉象散乱，是形体受损的表现；耳聋且脉象浮涩，生命难以保全。（张仲景说：患伤寒，咳嗽气逆上冲，脉象散乱的，会死亡，这是因为形体已受损的缘故。扁鹊说：如果病人耳聋，脉象反而浮大且涩的，会死亡。）说胡话且身体发热，脉象应当洪大；若脉象沉细而微弱，寿命不能延续。腹部胀大且腹泻，脉象应当微细；若脉象紧大而滑，则归于黄泉（死亡）。吐血或鼻出血，脉象应当沉细才吉利；若脉象浮大而牢实，则叹息生命如逝水般消逝。（扁鹊说：如果病人说胡话、妄语，身体应当有热，脉象应当洪大，反而手足厥冷，脉象沉细而微弱的，会死亡。如果病人腹部胀大且腹泻，脉象应当微细而涩，反而得到紧大而滑的脉象，会死亡。如果病人吐血又流鼻血，脉象应当沉细，反而浮大而牢实的，会死亡。）阴阳都虚弱且发热不止，脉象忽快忽慢，命归上天。（张仲景说：阴阳都虚弱，发热不止的会死亡。脉象忽快忽慢的会死亡。）脉象像屋漏滴水，像雀鸟啄食，来时像弹石坚硬，去时像解开的绳索散乱。（医经说：脉象像屋漏、像雀啄的会死亡。脉来像弹石，去像解开的绳索的会死亡。弹石脉，是指脉搏急促有力。解索脉，是指脉搏数动随后散乱，没有头绪。）虾游脉和鱼翔脉与症状相违背，转豆脉和偃刀脉形态凶险。（医经说：病人脉象像虾游动、像鱼翔动的会死亡。脉象像转动豆粒的会死亡，像倒放的刀刃的会死亡。）寸脉下不到关部，是阳气断绝；尺脉上不到关部，是阴气枯竭。（医经说：寸脉下不到关部为阳绝，尺脉上不到关部为阴绝，都是死亡且无法治疗的病症。）代脉出现时，不需要医生诊治，必定病情危重，难以用药物挽救。（张仲景说：代脉属阴，得到这种脉象的必定难治。）
伤寒的死候征兆必须知晓。腹泻且腹部胀满巨大的，难以医治。舌根腐烂损伤且发热不退。（《千金方》说：伤寒的死候有九种证候，第二种是腹泻且腹部胀满严重的会死亡，第六种是舌根腐烂损伤，发热不退的会死亡。）发汗后脉象躁动不安，也面临危险。（《太素》说：热病已经出汗，但脉象仍然躁动，这是阴极的脉象，会死亡。《千金方》说：伤寒已经出汗，脉象安静的，能生还；脉象躁动的，会死亡。）出汗虽多但不到足部。（《千金方》说：出汗不到足部的会死亡。）手不自觉地抚摸衣缝，还有什么办法呢？（华佗说：病人手摸衣缝的，不可救活。）睾丸收缩、舌头卷曲，证候凶险。（华佗说：睾丸收缩、舌头卷曲的必定死亡。）口张目陷，不久于人世。（华佗说：口像鱼嘴一样张开合不拢，眼眶凹陷的都会死亡。）发出赤斑的，十死一生；发出黑斑的，十死无疑。（凡是发斑，是热邪乘虚侵入胃中，导致胃烂所致。赤斑发出的，十死一生；黑斑发出的，十死无疑。）两感伤寒是最大的禁忌，死期在六天，性命难追。（张仲景说：热势虽然严重不一定死，如果是两感于寒而发病的，必定死亡。）
In typhoid fever (Shanghan), the appearance of death pulses indicates that recovery is destined to be difficult. When a Yang syndrome presents with Yin pulses, the outcome is pitiable. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Death occurs when a Yang syndrome presents with Yin pulses.) Upper qi rebellion accompanied by a scattered pulse indicates damage to the physical form; deafness accompanied by a floating and choppy pulse makes life difficult to preserve. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: In typhoid fever, coughing and upper qi rebellion with a scattered pulse indicate death, due to the damage of the physical form. Bian Que stated: If a patient suffers from deafness and the pulse is conversely floating, large, and choppy, it indicates death.) Delirious speech accompanied by body heat should present with a洪大 (Hongda, large and surging) pulse; if the pulse is deep, fine, and minute, life will not extend. Abdominal distension with diarrhea should present with a micro-fine pulse; if the pulse is tight, large, and slippery, it signifies death (returning to the underworld). Hematemesis or epistaxis should present with a deep and fine pulse for a favorable prognosis; if the pulse is floating, large, and firm, it sighs like passing water (indicating death). (Bian Que stated: If a patient speaks deliriously and falsely, with body heat, the pulse should be Hongda; conversely, if the limbs are cold and the pulse is deep, fine, and minute, it indicates death. If a patient has abdominal distension and diarrhea, the pulse should be micro-fine and choppy; conversely, if the pulse is tight, large, and slippery, it indicates death. If a patient has hematemesis and epistaxis, the pulse should be deep and fine; conversely, if the pulse is floating, large, and firm, it indicates death.) When both Yin and Yang are deficient and heat persists, and the pulse is intermittently rapid and slow, death arrives. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Death occurs when both Yin and Yang are deficient and heat persists. Death also occurs when the pulse is intermittently rapid and slow.) The pulse resembles leaking roof water or a sparrow pecking; coming like a striking stone and going like an untying rope. (Medical classics state: Death occurs when the pulse resembles leaking roof water or a sparrow pecking. Death occurs when the pulse comes like a striking stone and goes like an untying rope. "Striking stone" refers to a pulse that is abrupt and urgent. "Untying rope" refers to a pulse that is frequent and then scatters chaotically without order.) Shrimp swimming (Xiayou) and fish gliding (Yuxiang) pulses contradict the symptoms; turning bean (Zhuan Dou) and inverted knife (Yan Dao) pulses present ominous forms. (Medical classics state: Death occurs when the patient's pulse resembles shrimp swimming or fish gliding. Death occurs when the pulse resembles a turning bean or an inverted knife.) If the Cun pulse does not reach down to the Guan position, it is the extinction of Yang Qi; if the Chi pulse does not reach up to the Guan position, it is the depletion of Yin Qi. (Medical classics state: The Cun pulse not reaching down to the Guan position is Yang extinction; the Chi pulse not reaching up to the Guan position is Yin exhaustion. Both indicate death and are untreatable.) When the Dai pulse (Intermittent Pulse) appears, medical intervention is unnecessary, as the condition is definitely critical and difficult to save with medicine. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: The Dai pulse is Yin in nature; obtaining this pulse indicates a condition that is difficult to treat.)
The signs of death in typhoid fever must be known. Diarrhea accompanied by severe abdominal distension and enlargement is difficult to treat. Rotting of the tongue root with persistent heat is fatal. (Qianjin Fang states: There are nine signs of death in typhoid fever. The second is death from severe diarrhea and abdominal distension. The sixth is death from rotting of the tongue root with persistent heat.) After sweating, if the pulse remains restless, the patient faces danger. (Tai Su states: In heat diseases, if sweating has occurred but the pulse remains restless, this is the pulse of extreme Yin, indicating death. Qianjin Fang states: In typhoid fever, if sweating has occurred and the pulse is quiet, the patient lives; if the pulse is restless, the patient dies.) Sweating profusely but not reaching the feet indicates death. (Qianjin Fang states: Death occurs if sweating does not reach the feet.) Hand unconsciously grasping at clothing seams indicates incurability. (Hua Tuo stated: A patient grasping at clothing seams cannot be saved.) Retraction of the testes and curling of the tongue are ominous signs. (Hua Tuo stated: Retraction of the testes and curling of the tongue indicate certain death.) Mouth gaping and sunken eyes indicate imminent death. (Hua Tuo stated: A mouth open like a fish's and unable to close, along with sunken eye sockets, all indicate death.) Eruption of red macules carries a five-to-one mortality rate; eruption of black macules carries a ten-to-zero mortality rate without doubt. (Macule eruptions occur when heat enters the Stomach vacuously, causing the Stomach to rot. Red macules indicate a five-to-one survival rate; black macules indicate no survival.) Lianggan Shanghan (Simultaneous involvement of Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians) is the greatest contraindication; death occurs within six days, making life irretrievable. (Zhang Zhongjing stated: Severe heat alone may not cause death, but if Lianggan Shanghan occurs, death is certain.)