猪苓（十八铢） 泽泻（一两六铢） 茯苓（十八铢） 桂（半两） 白术（十八铢）
上五味子末。以白饮和服方寸匕。日三服也。
此两解表里之药。故云覆取微汗。茯苓猪苓味淡所以渗水涤饮。用泽泻味咸。所以泄肾止渴也。白术味甘。所以燥
脾逐湿也。桂枝味辛所以散邪和营也。欲兼汗表。故用桂枝。专用利水。则宜肉桂。妙用全在乎此。则庶其辛热而去之。
则何能疏肝伐肾通津利水乎。○此逐内外水饮之首剂。金匮治心下支饮眩冒。用泽泻汤治呕吐思水。用猪苓散随意取用
二三味。成方总不出是汤也。祖剂云。五苓散治伤寒温热病。表里未解。头痛发热。口燥咽干烦渴饮水。或水入即吐。
或小便不利。及汗出表解。烦渴不止者。宜服之又治霍乱吐利。燥渴引饮。并治瘦人脐下有动悸吐涎沫而呕伺翻胃也。
诸如此者。咸属水饮停蓄。津液固结。大小便结。但须增损合宜耳。
猪苓（去皮） 茯苓 泽泻 滑石（碎） 阿胶（各一两）
上五味以水四升。先煮四味取二升。去滓。纳下阿胶烊消温服七合。日三服。
瓜蒂（一分熬黄） 赤小豆（五分）
上二味各别捣筛为细末。合治送下三钱匕。以香豉一合。用热汤七合。煮作稀糜粥饮。取汁和散温顿服之。不吐者。
少少加得快吐。
猪苓（十八铢） 泽泻（一两六铢） 茯苓（十八铢） 桂枝（半两） 白术（十八铢）
以上五味药研成粉末。用米汤调和，每次服用一方寸匕的药末。每日服用三次。
这是表里双解的药物。所以说覆盖衣被以取得微汗。茯苓、猪苓味淡，所以能渗利水湿、涤除痰饮。使用泽泻味咸，所以能泄肾火、止口渴。白术味甘，所以能燥脾湿、驱除湿邪。桂枝味辛，所以能散外邪、调和营卫。想要兼以发汗解表，所以用桂枝。如果专门用于利水，则宜用肉桂。其妙用全在于此。如果用辛热之品去治疗，那么怎么能疏肝、伐肾、通津液、利小便呢？○这是驱逐内外水饮的首选方剂。《金匮要略》治疗心下有支饮导致的眩晕冒昧，使用泽泻汤；治疗呕吐且想喝水的情况，使用猪苓散，可根据情况随意选取二三味药。成方的总纲不出这个汤剂的范围。祖剂记载：五苓散治疗伤寒或温热病，表证和里证都未解除，出现头痛、发热、口燥咽干、烦躁口渴想喝水，或者水喝进去就吐出来，或者小便不利，以及出汗后表证已解但烦躁口渴不止的情况，适宜服用。又用于治疗霍乱引起的呕吐腹泻，燥渴引饮，并治疗形体瘦削之人脐下有跳动感、吐涎沫而呕吐，甚至反胃的情况。诸如此类的症状，都属于水饮停聚蓄积，津液固结不化，大小便不通畅，只需要根据情况适当增减药物即可。
猪苓（去皮） 茯苓 泽泻 滑石（捣碎） 阿胶（各一两）
以上五味药，用水四升，先煮前四味药，取药液二升，去掉药渣，加入阿胶使其烊化溶解，每次温服七合。每日服用三次。
瓜蒂（一分，炒至黄色） 赤小豆（五分）
以上两味药分别捣碎筛成细末，混合均匀。送服时每次三钱匕的药末。用香豉一合，加热水七合，煮成稀糜粥状的汁液，取汁液调和药粉，温顿服下。如果不呕吐，逐渐少量增加剂量，直到产生剧烈呕吐为止。
Zhu Ling (Polyporus, *Polyporus umbellatus*) (18 zhu) Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome, *Alismatis Orientalis*) (1 liang 6 zhu) Fu Ling (Poria, *Poria cocos*) (18 zhu) Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomi Ramulus*) (0.5 liang) Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, *Atractylodes macrocephala*) (18 zhu)
Crush the above five herbs into powder. Mix with rice water and take one fangcun bi (a square-inch measure of powder) per dose. Take three times a day.
This is a formula that simultaneously releases the exterior and resolves the interior. Therefore, it is said to cover the patient to induce a slight sweat. Fu Ling and Zhu Ling have a bland taste, so they can leach out dampness and wash away retained fluids. Ze Xie has a salty taste, so it can drain kidney fire and relieve thirst. Bai Zhu has a sweet taste, so it can dry spleen dampness and dispel damp pathogens. Gui Zhi has a pungent taste, so it can dissipate pathogens and harmonize the Ying (Nutritive) level. To combine sweating to release the exterior, Gui Zhi is used. If the purpose is solely to promote urination, Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark) should be used. The subtlety lies entirely in this distinction. If pungent-heat herbs were used to treat it, how could they soothe the Liver, subdue the Kidney, unblock fluid metabolism, and promote diuresis? ○ This is the primary formula for expelling internal and external retained fluids. In *Jin Gui Yao Lue*, for vertigo caused by Zhī Yǐn (branching fluid retention) under the heart, Ze Xie Tang is used; for vomiting with a desire for water, Zhu Ling San is used, selecting two or three herbs as needed according to circumstances. All established formulas are derived from this base decoction. Ancestral Formulas record: Wu Ling San treats Tai Yang disease or warm diseases where both exterior and interior patterns remain unresolved, presenting with headache, fever, dry mouth and throat, irritability, thirst, drinking water, or immediate vomiting after drinking, or difficulty in urination. It is also indicated when sweating has resolved the exterior pattern but irritability and thirst persist. It is suitable for such cases. It also treats Huo Luan (cholera-like syndrome) with vomiting and diarrhea, extreme thirst, and drinking large amounts of water. Furthermore, it treats thin individuals who experience palpitations below the navel, salivation, vomiting, and even Fan Wei (reverse regurgitation). Such conditions all belong to the category of retained fluid accumulation and congealed body fluids, resulting in constipation of stool and urine. One only needs to appropriately modify the formula based on the specific presentation.
Zhu Ling (Polyporus, *Polyporus umbellatus*) (peeled) Fu Ling (Poria, *Poria cocos*) Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome, *Alismatis Orientalis*) Hua Shi (Talcum, *Talcum*) E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin, *Colla Corii Asini*) (each 1 liang)
Take the above five herbs. Add four sheng of water. First, decoct the first four herbs until two sheng of liquid remains. Strain out the dregs. Add E Jiao and melt it into the hot liquid. Take seven he of the warm decoction per dose. Take three times a day.
Gua Di (Melon Seed, *Cucumeris Fructus Semen*) (1 fen, stir-fried until yellow) Chi Xiao Dou (Adzuki Bean, *Vigna angularis*) (5 fen)
Each of the above two herbs should be separately pounded and sifted into fine powder. Mix them together. Administer three qian bi of the mixed powder with a vehicle. Use Xiang Chi (Prepared Soybean, *Glycines Soja Preparata*) one he, add seven he of hot water, and boil into a thin porridge-like consistency. Extract the juice and mix it with the powder. Take the mixture warm in one dose. If vomiting does not occur, gradually increase the dose slightly until vigorous vomiting is achieved.