栀子(十五枚擘) 柏皮(二两) 甘草(一两)
以上三味。以水四升。煮取一升半。去滓。分温再服。太阳原有寒湿。因伤寒发汗。气蒸而变热。故得发于外。原
非表邪发热之谓。故以栀子清肌表之热黄柏去膀胱之湿热。甘草和其中外也。
枳实(三枚) 栀子(十四枚熬黑) 豉(一升绵裹)
以上三味。以清浆水七升。空煮取四升纳枳实栀子煮二沸。下豉更煮五六沸。去滓。分温再服覆令出汗。
黄芩(三两) 甘草(二两炙) 芍药(二两酒洗) 大枣(十二枚擘)
上四味以水一斗。煮取三升。去滓温服一升。日再一服。
黄芩(三两) 甘草(二两炙) 芍药(二两酒洗) 半夏(半升洗) 生姜(三两半切) 大枣(十二枚擘)
上六味以水一斗。煮至三升。去滓。温服一升。日再夜一服。
白芍药(四两酒洗) 甘草(四两炙)
上二味 咀。以水三升。煮取一升半。去滓。分温再服之。
此即桂枝汤去桂枝姜枣也。甘酸合用。专治营中虚热。以其阴虚阳实。至夜发热血虚。筋挛头面赤。色或汗之甚发
热不止。或误用辛热扰其营血。不受补益者。并宜用之。真血虚挟热之神方也。设见脉浮自汗。营卫不和。纵非外感。
仍属桂枝汤证矣。
石膏(一斤碎) 知母(六两) 甘草(三两) 粳米(六合)
上四味。以水一斗。煮米熟汤成。去滓。温服一升。日三服。
谚云春不服白虎为泻肺也。盖春主阳气上升。石膏知母苦寒坠下。恶其泻肺之阳而不得生发也。此特指春不可用者。
恐人误以治温病之自汗烦渴也。至于秋冬感冒伤寒反可浑用以伤金水二脏之真气乎。此汤专主热病中 。在气虚不能蒸
发者。则加人参。故张隐 以为阳明宣剂。其于湿温。则加苍术。温疟则加桂枝。一皆夏日所见之证。故昔人又有秋分
后不可妄用白虎之戒。
栀子(十五枚,掰开) 黄柏(二两) 甘草(一两)
以上三味药。用水四升。煮取药液一升半。滤去药渣。分两次温服。太阳病原本有寒湿,因伤寒发汗后,气机蒸腾而化热,所以热邪发散于体表。这并非指表邪发热而言。因此用栀子清解肌表之热,黄柏去除膀胱的湿热,甘草调和内外。
枳实(三枚) 栀子(十四枚,炒黑) 豆豉(一升,用绵布包裹)
以上三味药。用酸浆水七升。先空煮至四升,加入枳实、栀子再煮两沸。放入豆豉再煮五六沸。滤去药渣。分两次温服,服药后覆盖衣被令其出汗。
黄芩(三两) 甘草(二两,炙) 芍药(二两,酒洗) 大枣(十二枚,掰开)
以上四味药,用水一斗。煮取药液三升。滤去药渣。温服一升。每日服用两次。
黄芩(三两) 甘草(二两,炙) 芍药(二两,酒洗) 半夏(半升,洗) 生姜(三两半,切片) 大枣(十二枚,掰开)
以上六味药,用水一斗。煮至三升。滤去药渣。温服一升。每日白天服两次,夜间服一次。
白芍药(四两,酒洗) 甘草(四两,炙)
以上两味药。切碎。用水三升。煮取药液一升半。滤去药渣。分两次温服。
这就是桂枝汤去掉桂枝、生姜、大枣。甘味与酸味药物合用,专门治疗营分中的虚热。因为阴虚阳亢,到了夜晚发作时血虚,导致筋脉拘挛、头面发红,或者出汗过多导致发热不止,或者误用辛热药物扰乱了营血,不能耐受补益的人,都适宜使用此方。这是治疗真性血虚兼夹热证的绝佳方剂。如果见到脉浮、自汗,属于营卫不和,即使不是外感病,仍然属于桂枝汤证的范围。
石膏(一斤,打碎) 知母(六两) 甘草(三两) 粳米(六合)
以上四味药。用水一斗。煮到米熟汤成。滤去药渣。温服一升。每日服用三次。
谚语说春天不服用白虎汤,是因为会泻肺。盖因春季主阳气上升,石膏、知母苦寒沉降,厌恶它们泻除肺中阳气而导致阳气不得生发。这特指春季不可用的情况。是担心人们误用它来治疗温病的自汗、烦渴。至于秋冬季节感冒伤寒,难道反而可以胡乱使用以损伤肺肾二脏的真气吗?此汤专门主治热病中,气虚不能蒸腾发散的证候。如果出现这种情况,则加入人参。所以张隐庵认为它是阳明经的宣散剂。对于湿温证,则加入苍术;对于温疟,则加入桂枝。这些都是夏季常见的证候。所以古人又有秋分后不可妄用白虎汤的告诫。
Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus, fifteen seeds, broken) Bo Pi (Phellodendri Cortex, two liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Root, one liang)
The above three herbs. Use four sheng of water. Decoct to obtain one and a half sheng of liquid. Remove the dregs. Divide into two doses and take warm. Taiyang disease originally involves cold-dampness. Due to sweating for Shanghan, the qi steams and transforms into heat, thus manifesting externally. This does not refer to fever caused by exterior pathogens. Therefore, Zhi Zi clears heat from the muscle and surface; Huang Bai removes damp-heat from the Bladder; Gan Cao harmonizes the interior and exterior.
Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange Fruit, three pieces) Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus, fourteen seeds, charred) Chi Xiao Dou (Prepared Soybean, one sheng, wrapped in silk)
The above three herbs. Use seven sheng of sour grain water. First boil empty until four sheng remain, then add Zhi Shi and Zhi Zi, boil for two boils. Add Chi Xiao Dou and boil for five or six boils. Remove the dregs. Divide into two doses and take warm. Cover with blankets to induce sweating.
Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, three liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Root, two liang, honey-fried) Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, two liang, wine-washed) Da Zao (Jujube Fruit, twelve pieces, broken)
The above four herbs. Use one dou of water. Decoct to obtain three sheng of liquid. Remove the dregs. Take one sheng warm. Administer twice daily.
Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, three liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Root, two liang, honey-fried) Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, two liang, wine-washed) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, half sheng, washed) Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, three and a half liang, sliced) Da Zao (Jujube Fruit, twelve pieces, broken)
The above six herbs. Use one dou of water. Decoct to three sheng. Remove the dregs. Take one sheng warm. Administer twice during the day and once at night.
Bai Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, four liang, wine-washed) Gan Cao (Licorice Root, four liang, honey-fried)
The above two herbs. Crush. Use three sheng of water. Decoct to obtain one and a half sheng of liquid. Remove the dregs. Divide into two doses and take warm.
This is Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) without Guizhi, Sheng Jiang, and Da Zao. The combination of sweet and sour flavors specifically treats deficiency-heat within the Ying (Nutritive) level. Because yin is deficient and yang is hyperactive, symptoms such as blood deficiency, tendon spasms, and redness of the head and face occur at night. It is also suitable for cases where excessive sweating leads to persistent fever, or when pungent-hot herbs mistakenly disturb the Ying and Blood, making the patient unable to tolerate tonification. This is an excellent formula for true blood deficiency with accompanying heat. If pulse floating and spontaneous sweating are observed, indicating disharmony between Ying and Wei, even if it is not an exterior contraction, it still belongs to the syndrome pattern of Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, one jin, crushed) Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, six liang) Gan Cao (Licorice Root, three liang) Geng Mi (Oryza Sativa Germen, six he)
The above four herbs. Use one dou of water. Decoct until the rice is cooked and the soup is ready. Remove the dregs. Take one sheng warm. Administer three times daily.
The proverb states that one should not use Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) in spring because it purges the Lungs. This is because spring governs the rising of Yang Qi, while Shi Gao and Zhi Mu are bitter and cold with descending properties, which would purge Lung Yang and hinder its growth and development. This specifically refers to the contraindication in spring. It warns against misusing this formula to treat spontaneous sweating and thirst due to febrile diseases. As for winter and autumn, when contracting Shanghan, could one recklessly use it to damage the true Qi of the Lung and Kidney? This decoction primarily treats heat diseases where Qi deficiency prevents steaming and evaporation. In such cases, Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) is added. Thus, Zhang Yin'an considered it a dispersing agent for the Yangming channel. For damp-warmth, Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is added; for warm malaria, Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) is added. These are syndromes seen in summer. Hence, ancients also warned against recklessly using Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) after the Autumnal Equinox.