伤寒。病因也。非病证也。以因为名。求本也。伤寒见证。变化无端。非仲景六经主证。所能赅括。后人拘执。
凡不在仲景文内者。概不敢求之伤寒。间有窥见一隙。又不敢显违众论。但曲为之说曰。是伤寒杂证也。夫伤寒之
证自杂安得复有伤寒杂证者也。晋唐诸贤。以温病热病。本于伤寒之转变而别。以温毒与寒毒相对待。至哉言乎。
温病热病。且以为本于伤寒。况其本寒证者乎。学人能知伤寒见证。不止仲景原文。仲景文外。尚有伤寒证治。庶
乎其可与读伤寒之论。治伤寒之病矣乎。王叔和作伤寒例。以明即病为伤寒伏气变为温热之事。用意甚盛。惜其语
焉不详。揆之事例。仍多未备。学海读内经后。读仲景书。参以临诊。觉于伤寒偏死下虚人一语。稍有领会。于是
有见辄录。积久成帙。虽无深义。要是拾遗发覆之一端。名曰伤寒补例。不敢补仲景也。补叔和云尔。
乙巳孟冬健之记
医惟实事。弗尚空谈。仲景书。所以传世不朽者。以其言皆实事。百家莫及也。然缺略难读。尤在叙证太简。
常与方药不相对。近贤多以方释证。惟成氏能先证后药。亦未能大畅厥旨。非成氏拙于注释。实仲景之文。有难释
者也。前人谓初学。必先读伤寒论。以立根本。予独谓不然。当先读内经难经。接读金匮。参以外台千金。而后及
伤寒论。以考其变。即如每节首署太阳病云云。有直指发热恶寒项背强痛者。有谓先见太阳病。今又接见下文诸证
者。有谓本是太阳病。今忽转见下文诸证者。果有日久及发汗吐下后等语。犹有转接之迹可寻。无之。便苦上下不
贯矣。况夫邪气之何以发为太阳病少阳阳明三阴病也。三阳三阴病之何以各见某证也。发汗吐下后之何以变见某证
也。某证之何以应用某方、加减某药也。一概不曾道破。间有一二。亦断碎而不续。此虽智者。不能得其脉络之所
在。而责之初学。不亦难乎。王叔和作伤寒例。仅提其纲。陶节庵作六书与全生集。未竟其绪。深望世有高贤。取
仲景书。合之内经。参之诸家。补发其所未备。三阳三阴病上补发邪气来路。病下补发转证机括。某方主之。上下
补发。对治气宜切定实事。勿谈空理。国中末候。条理分明。使读者对书如对病患焉。确有可循。不致眩惑。斯生
灵之幸也。小子愚陋。愧不及此。仅发其端。以待来者。
伤寒，是致病原因，并非具体的病证。以“病因”来命名，是为了探究疾病的根本。伤寒所表现出的症状，变化无常，并非仅靠张仲景提出的六经主证所能完全概括。后世医家拘泥固执，凡是不在张仲景原文范围内的内容，一概不敢将其归入伤寒范畴；偶尔有人窥见其中的一丝门道，又不敢公然违背众人的观点，只是曲意解释说是“伤寒杂证”。然而，既然已经是杂证了，怎么还能称为“伤寒杂证”呢？晋代和唐代的各位贤者，认为温病、热病是由伤寒转变而来，因此将其区分开来，将温毒与寒毒相对立。这话说得多么好啊！即使是温病、热病，尚且被认为本源于伤寒，何况那些原本就是寒证的疾病呢？如果学者能够认识到伤寒的症状表现不仅仅局限于张仲景的原文，在张仲景的文字之外，还有关于伤寒证治的内容，那么大概就可以阅读《伤寒论》、治疗伤寒疾病了吧？
王叔和撰写《伤寒例》，旨在阐明即发性的伤寒以及伏气转变为温热病的道理，用意非常深远。可惜他叙述得不够详细，推究其体例，仍然有很多不完善之处。我（周学海）读完《内经》后，再读张仲景的书，并结合临床诊疗经验，觉得对于“伤寒偏死下虚人”这一句话，稍有领会。于是将有见的地方就记录下来，久而久之汇编成册。虽然没有什么深奥的道理，但这算是拾遗补缺的一个方面。命名为《伤寒补例》，并不是要补充张仲景的内容，而是补充王叔和的内容罢了。
乙巳年孟冬（农历十月），健之记。
医学只崇尚实事，不推崇空谈。张仲景的书之所以能传世不朽，是因为书中的言论都是基于事实，这是其他各家都无法比拟的。然而，书中存在缺漏且难以读懂，尤其在叙述症状时过于简略，常常与方药不对应。近世的贤者大多用方剂来解释症状，只有成无己能做到先列症状后出方药，但也未能充分阐发其中的主旨。这并不是成无己注释能力拙劣，实在是因为张仲景的原文有难以解释的地方。前人认为初学者必须先读《伤寒论》，以此确立根基。我却独自认为不是这样。应当先读《内经》和《难经》，接着读《金匮要略》，参考《外台秘要》和《千金方》，然后再研读《伤寒论》，以考察其变化。
就像每节开头都标注“太阳病云云”，有的直接指出发热、恶寒、项背强痛等症状；有的说先前出现太阳病，现在又接续出现下文的各种症状；有的说原本是太阳病，现在忽然转变为下文的各种症状。如果有“日久”及“发汗、吐、下后”等语句，还可以找到病情转变衔接的痕迹；如果没有这些语句，就会苦于上下文不连贯了。况且，邪气为什么会导致太阳病、少阳病、阳明病及三阴病？三阳三阴病为什么会各自表现出某些特定症状？经过发汗、催吐、泻下之后，为什么会变见到某些症状？针对某些症状为什么要应用某些方剂、加减某些药物？这些都没有一一揭示清楚。偶尔有一两处提及，也是断断续续而不连贯。即使是聪明的人，也无法找到其中的脉络所在，却要求初学者掌握，难道不难吗？
王叔和撰写《伤寒例》，仅仅提出了纲领；陶节庵编写《六书》与《全生集》，未能完成其绪论。深切希望世间有高贤，取张仲景的书，结合《内经》，参考诸家学说，补充发挥其中未完善的部分。在三阳三阴病之上，补充阐述邪气的来路；在病症之下，补充阐述病情转变的关键机制。对于“某方主之”，要在上下文中补充阐述，对治之气机适宜性要切中实事，不要谈论空洞的理论。国家末期的气候特点，条理分明，使读者面对书本就像面对病患一样，确有可循的路径，不至于感到困惑眩乱。这是百姓的幸事啊。我愚笨浅陋，惭愧不及于此，仅提出这个开端，留给后来者去完善。
Shanghan (Cold Damage), as a pathogenic cause, is not a specific disease syndrome. Naming it by its etiology aims to seek the root of the disease. The manifestations of Shanghan are unpredictable and cannot be fully encompassed by the main syndromes of the Six Channels (Liu Jing) proposed by Zhang Zhongjing. Later physicians were rigid and dogmatic; for anything not contained within Zhang Zhongjing's original text, they generally dared not attribute it to Shanghan. Occasionally, some glimpsed a fragment of truth but dared not openly contradict the prevailing views, instead offering forced explanations that these were "mixed syndromes of Shanghan." However, if they are already mixed syndromes, how can they still be called "mixed syndromes of Shanghan"?
The sages of the Jin and Tang dynasties distinguished Warm Diseases (Wen Bing) and Heat Diseases (Re Bing) from Shanghan, considering them as transformations originating from Shanghan, and set up a contrast between Warm Toxins (Wen Du) and Cold Toxins (Han Du). This was indeed a profound insight! If even Warm Diseases and Heat Diseases are considered to originate from Shanghan, how much more so for those conditions that are fundamentally cold in nature? If scholars could recognize that the manifestations of Shanghan are not limited solely to Zhang Zhongjing's original text, and that there are treatments and syndromes related to Shanghan beyond his writings, then perhaps they would be qualified to study the *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*) and treat Shanghan diseases.
Wang Shuhe authored the *Example of Shanghan* (*Shanghan Li*), intending to clarify immediate-onset Shanghan and the transformation of latent pathogens into warm-heat conditions. His intention was noble. Alas, his descriptions were vague, and upon examining the structure, many aspects remained incomplete. After reading the *Inner Canon* (*Neijing*), I studied Zhang Zhongjing's works and combined this with clinical practice. I felt I had gained some understanding of the phrase "Shanghan tends to kill those with deficiency in the lower jiao" (*pian si xia xu ren*). Thus, I recorded my insights whenever they arose, which over time accumulated into a volume. Although it lacks profound meaning, it serves as one aspect of gathering omissions and revealing hidden truths. It is named *Supplementary Examples of Shanghan* (*Shanghan Bu Li*), not to supplement Zhang Zhongjing, but to supplement Wang Shuhe.
Recorded in the first month of winter in the Yisi year, Jian Zhi.
Medicine values practical facts and does not advocate empty talk. The reason Zhang Zhongjing's book has been immortalized is that its statements are based on facts, unmatched by other schools. However, it contains omissions and is difficult to read, especially because the description of symptoms is too brief and often does not correspond directly to prescriptions. Recent virtuous scholars have mostly used prescriptions to explain symptoms. Only Cheng Wuji managed to list symptoms before prescriptions, yet he still failed to fully elucidate the core principles. This was not due to Cheng Wuji's incompetence in annotation, but rather because Zhang Zhongjing's text itself is difficult to interpret.
Predecessors believed that beginners must first read the *Treatise on Cold Damage* to establish a foundation. I personally disagree. One should first read the *Inner Canon* (*Neijing*) and the *Classic of Difficult Issues* (*Nan Jing*), then proceed to the *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* (*Jingui Yaolue*), referencing the *External Cabinet Secret Formulas* (*Waitai Miyao*) and *Thousand Golden Prescriptions* (*Qianjin Fang*), and only then study the *Treatise on Cold Damage* to examine its variations. For instance, each section begins with "Taiyang Disease..." Some directly point out symptoms such as fever, aversion to cold, and stiffness/pain in the neck and back. Others state that Taiyang disease appeared previously, and now various subsequent symptoms are appearing. Still others say it was originally Taiyang disease, but suddenly transformed into the subsequent symptoms. If there are phrases like "after many days" or "after sweating, vomiting, or purging," traces of transition can still be found. Without such phrases, it becomes difficult to connect the preceding and following texts.
Moreover, why do pathogens manifest as Taiyang, Shaoyang, Yangming, and the Three Yin diseases? Why do the Three Yang and Three Yin diseases present specific symptoms respectively? Why do certain symptoms appear after sweating, vomiting, or purging? Why should specific formulas and herb modifications be applied to specific symptoms? These points are not explicitly explained. Occasional mentions are fragmented and discontinuous. Even a wise person cannot discern the underlying logic, so demanding this of beginners is indeed difficult.
Wang Shuhe's *Example of Shanghan* only outlined the general principles. Tao Jie'an's *Six Books* (*Liu Shu*) and *Complete Life Collection* (*Quansheng Ji*) did not complete the thread. I deeply hope that future virtuous scholars will take Zhang Zhongjing's work, integrate it with the *Neijing*, reference various schools, and supplement what is lacking. Above the sections on the Three Yang and Three Yin diseases, supplement the explanation of the origin of pathogens. Below the disease descriptions, supplement the mechanisms of symptom transformation. For "governed by [Formula Name]," provide supplementary explanations above and below, ensuring that the treatment aligns with the appropriate qi dynamics and concrete facts, avoiding empty theories. Clarify the climatic characteristics of the current era with distinct logic, so that readers facing the book feel as if they are facing a patient, with clear paths to follow, avoiding confusion. This would be a blessing for the people. I am foolish and shallow, ashamed to fall short of this goal, so I merely raise this topic for later generations to develop.