猪苓（去皮） 茯苓 泽泻 滑石（碎） 阿胶（各一两）
上五味，以水四升，先煮四味，取二升，去渣，内阿胶烊消，温服七合，日三服。
阳明病，若脉浮发热，渴欲饮水，小便不利者，猪苓汤主之。此阳明之渴，故与五苓相近，而独去
桂枝，恐助阳也。论中又云∶阳明汗多而渴，不可与猪苓汤，以胃中燥，不可更利其小便也。
少阴病，下利六七日，咳而呕渴，心烦不得眠者，猪苓汤主之。此亦热邪传少阴之症。盖少阴口
燥口干，有大承气急下之法，今止呕渴，则热邪尚轻，故用此方，使热邪从小便出，其路尤近也。
文蛤（五两） 上一味，为散，以沸汤和一方寸匕服，汤用五合。
病在阳，应以汗解之，反以冷水 之，若灌之，其热被劫，不得去，弥更益烦，肉上粟起，寒在肉中。
意欲饮水，反不渴者，服文蛤散。此热结在皮肤肌肉之中，不在胃口，故欲饮而不渴，文蛤取其软坚逐水。
若不瘥者，与五苓散。不应则表里同治。
茯苓（二两） 桂枝（二两，去皮） 甘草（一两，炙） 生姜（三两，切） 上四味，以水四升，煮取二升，去
渣，分温三服。
伤寒汗出而渴者，五苓散主之。桂枝止汗，余四味止渴。不渴者，茯苓甘草汤主之。此方之义，从未
有能诠释者，盖汗出之后，而渴不止，与五苓，人所易知也。乃汗出之后，并无渴症，又未指明别有何症。
忽无端而与茯苓甘草汤，此意何居？要知此处“汗出”二字，乃发汗后，汗出不止也。汗出不止，则亡阳在
即，当与以真武汤；其稍轻者，当与以茯苓桂枝白术
甘草汤；更轻者，则与以此汤。何以知之？以三方同用茯苓知之，盖汗大泄，必引肾水上泛，非茯苓不能
钲之，故真武则佐以附子回阳；此二方，则以桂枝甘草敛汗，而茯苓则皆以为主药。此方之义，不了然乎？
观下条心悸，治法益明。
伤寒厥而心下悸者，宜先治水，水犯心则悸。当服茯苓甘草汤。《本草》∶茯苓治心下结痛，恐、悸。却
治其厥，不尔，水渍入胃，必作利也。
猪苓（去皮） 茯苓 泽泻 滑石（打碎） 阿胶（各一两）
以上五味药，用水四升，先煎煮前四味药，取汁二升，滤去药渣，加入阿胶使其溶化，每次温服七合，每日服用三次。
阳明病（阳明经受邪所致的病证），如果脉象浮、发热，口渴想喝水，小便不通利的，用猪苓汤主治。这是阳明病的口渴，所以与五苓散相近，但唯独去掉桂枝，是担心桂枝助长阳热之邪。《伤寒论》中又说：阳明病汗多而口渴的，不可使用猪苓汤，因为胃中已经干燥，不能再利其小便了。
少阴病（少阴经受邪所致的病证），下利六七天，咳嗽且呕吐、口渴，心烦不能入睡的，用猪苓汤主治。这也是热邪传入少阴的症状。大概少阴病出现口燥口干，有大承气汤急下的治法，现在只是呕吐口渴，说明热邪尚轻，所以用此方，使热邪从小便排出，这条路更为就近。
文蛤（五两） 以上一味药，研为散剂，用沸水调和一方寸匕的量服用，用水五合。
病在阳分（表证），本应以发汗的方法解表，反而用冷水浇洗或灌淋，导致热气被遏制，无法散去，更加烦闷，皮肤上起像粟米一样的疙瘩，寒气郁结在肌肉之中。想要喝水，反而不觉得渴的，服用文蛤散。这是因为热邪结聚在皮肤肌肉之中，不在胃口，所以想喝但不渴，文蛤取其软坚散结、逐水消肿的功效。
如果病不愈的，给予五苓散。如果无效，则表里同治。
茯苓（二两） 桂枝（二两，去皮） 甘草（一两，炙烤） 生姜（三两，切片） 以上四味药，用水四升，煎煮取汁二升，滤去药渣，分三次温服。
伤寒病汗出且口渴的，用五苓散主治。桂枝止汗，其余四味药止渴。如果不渴的，用茯苓甘草汤主治。这个方子的含义，从来没有人能解释清楚。大概汗出之后，如果口渴不止，用五苓散，这是人们容易知道的。然而汗出之后，并没有口渴的症状，又没有明确指出其他有什么症状。突然无缘无故地给予茯苓甘草汤，这是什么用意？要知道此处“汗出”二字，是指发汗后，汗出不止。汗出不止，则亡阳（阳气极度衰竭）在即，应当给予真武汤；病情稍轻的，应当给予茯苓桂枝白术甘草汤；更轻的，则给予此方（茯苓甘草汤）。怎么知道的呢？从这三方都共同使用茯苓可知，大概大汗淋漓，必然引动肾水上泛，非茯苓不能镇摄它，所以真武汤中佐以附子回阳救逆；这两个方子，则以桂枝和甘草收敛止汗，而茯苓都是作为主药。这个方子的含义，不是很清楚了吗？看下一条关于心悸的治疗，方法更加明确。
伤寒病出现四肢厥冷且心下悸动的，适宜先治疗水饮，水气侵犯心脏就会悸动。应当服用茯苓甘草汤。《本草》记载：茯苓治疗心下结痛、恐惧、心悸。先治疗其水饮以消除厥逆，否则，水气浸渍入胃，必定导致下利。
Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction)
Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Fu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Alisma), Hua Shi (Talcum), E Jiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) (each one liang).
Take the above five herbs, add four sheng of water, first decoct the first four herbs to obtain two sheng of liquid, remove the dregs, add E Jiao and melt it, take seven ge as a dose warm, three times a day.
In Yangming disease (disease of the Yangming channel), if there is floating pulse, fever, thirst with desire to drink water, and dysuria, Zhu Ling Tang is the primary treatment. This is thirst due to Yangming disease, so it is similar to Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), but Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) is uniquely omitted to avoid assisting yang heat. The Treatise also states: In Yangming disease with excessive sweating and thirst, Zhu Ling Tang should not be used, because the stomach interior is dry and diuresis should not be further promoted.
In Shaoyin disease (disease of the Shaoyin channel), after six or seven days of diarrhea, accompanied by cough, vomiting, thirst, irritability, and insomnia, Zhu Ling Tang is the primary treatment. This is also a symptom of heat pathogen transmitting to Shaoyin. Generally, for Shaoyin disease with dry mouth and throat, Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Yellow Decoction) is used for urgent purgation. Now, since there is only vomiting and thirst, the heat pathogen is still mild; thus, this formula is used to allow the heat pathogen to exit via urination, which is a more direct route.
Wen Ge San (Clam Shell Powder)
Wen Ge (Concha Meretricis) (five liang).
Take the single herb above, grind into powder, mix with boiling water to form a dose of one cun bi (square inch spoonful), taken with five he of water.
When the disease is in the yang level (exterior syndrome), it should be resolved through sweating. If instead cold water is splashed or poured on the body, the heat is constrained and cannot disperse, leading to increased irritability and skin eruptions resembling millet grains, with cold trapped in the muscles. If the patient desires to drink water but does not feel thirsty, Wen Ge San should be administered. This indicates that heat is bound in the skin and muscles, not in the stomach; hence the desire to drink without actual thirst. Wen Ge is used for its ability to soften hardness and drain water.
If the condition does not improve, administer Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). If ineffective, treat both exterior and interior simultaneously.
Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang (Poria and Licorice Decoction)
Fu Ling (Poria) (two liang), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) (two liang, peeled), Gancao (Licoriza Root) (one liang, honey-fried), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (three liang, sliced).
Take the above four herbs, add four sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng of liquid, remove the dregs, divide into three warm doses.
In Shanghan (Cold Damage disease) with sweating and thirst, Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is the primary treatment. Guizhi stops sweating, while the other four herbs stop thirst. If there is no thirst, Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang (Poria and Licorice Decoction) is the primary treatment. The rationale of this formula has never been clearly interpreted. It is well known that after sweating, if thirst persists, Wu Ling San is used. However, here after sweating, there is no thirst, nor are other specific symptoms indicated. Why suddenly prescribe Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang? One must understand that "sweating" here refers to continuous sweating after induced diaphoresis. Continuous sweating implies imminent loss of yang (yang collapse); Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) should be given. For milder cases, Fu Ling Gui Zhi Bai Zhu Gan Cao Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes Macrocephala, and Licorice Decoction) should be given. For even milder cases, this formula (Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang) is given. How do we know this? From the fact that all three formulas share Fu Ling (Poria). Profuse sweating necessarily draws kidney water upward, which only Fu Ling can subdue. Thus, Zhen Wu Tang uses Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root) to restore yang; these two formulas use Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Gancao (Licoriza Root) to consolidate and stop sweating, with Fu Ling as the chief herb. Is the rationale of this formula not clear now? The treatment method becomes even clearer when observing the next case regarding palpitations.
In Shanghan (Cold Damage disease) with cold extremities and epigastric palpitations, water retention should be treated first, as water invading the heart causes palpitations. Fu Ling Gan Cao Tang (Poria and Licorice Decoction) should be administered. Bencao (Materia Medica) states: Fu Ling treats epigastric pain, fear, and palpitations. By treating the water retention first, the cold extremities will resolve; otherwise, water soaking into the stomach will inevitably cause diarrhea.