黄芩（三两） 甘草（二两炙） 芍药（二两） 大枣（十二枚擘）
上四味。以水一斗。煮取三升。去滓。温服一升。日再。夜一服。若呕者。加半夏半升。生姜三两。（原论中第十卷
方。用生姜止一两半）
成注云。虚而不实者。苦以坚之。酸以收之。黄芩芍药之苦酸。以坚敛肠胃之气。弱而不足者。甘以补之。甘草
大枣之甘。以补固肠胃之弱。
琥按上黄芩汤成氏既云。和解半表半里之邪。及其注方中药味。止云。坚敛补固肠胃之气弱。而不及解表。何也。
盖太少合病。而至自利。则在表之寒邪。悉郁而为里热矣。里热不实。故与黄芩汤以清热益阴。使里热清。而阴气得复。
斯在表之阳热自解。所以此条病若太阳桂枝。在所当禁。并少阳柴胡。亦不须用也。内台方议云。上方用黄芩。为君以
解少阳之里热。此言与成注之意相合。又云用芍药为臣。以解太阳之表热。而行营气。吾恐芍药无桂枝。不能走表。若
云解太阳之热。而行营气。牵强钮合。殊悖于理。上二条证并汤俱。自原论中第四卷太阳下编移附于此。
（琥）按上少阳病脉证并治法仲景原论中止十条。列之第五卷阳明篇后。其余方论杂入太阳篇者居多。愚因采附本
篇复合下昔贤方论。共为一卷斯医人临证拣方。始为备而可据耳。
黄芩（三两） 甘草（二两，炙） 芍药（二两） 大枣（十二枚，掰开）
以上四味药。用水一斗。煎煮至三升。滤去药渣。温服一升。每日两次。夜间一次服用。如果有呕吐症状的，加半夏半升、生姜三两。（原论第十卷方中，生姜用量为一两半）
成无己注解说：虚弱而不充实的病证，用苦味药来坚固它，用酸味药来收敛它。黄芩和芍药的苦酸之性，用来坚固并收敛肠胃之气；虚弱而不足的情况，用甘味药来补益它。甘草和大枣的甘味，用来补益并巩固肠胃的虚弱。
琥按：对于上述黄芩汤，成氏既然说它是和解半表半里之邪的，但在注解方中药味时，只说坚固、收敛、补益、巩固肠胃之气弱，而没有提到解表，这是为什么呢？
大概是因为太阴与少阳合病，发展到出现自发性腹泻，那么在表的寒邪，全部郁结转化为里热了。里热虽盛但未形成实结，所以给予黄芩汤以清泄里热、滋养阴液。使里热清除，阴气得以恢复，那么在表的阳热自然也就解散了。因此，此条病症若见太阳病桂枝汤证，则应当禁用，连少阳病柴胡汤也不需要使用了。《内台方议》评论说：上方用黄芩为君药，以解除少阳的里热，这种说法与成注的意思相符合。又说用芍药为臣药，以解除太阳的表热，并运行营气。我担心芍药如果没有桂枝配合，不能走表发散。如果说它能解除太阳的热邪并运行营气，显得牵强附会，违背常理。以上两条证候及方剂，原本是从原论第四卷太阳下编移附于此处的。
（琥）按：关于上述少阳病的脉象、证候及治疗方法，张仲景原论中仅止有十条，列在第五卷阳明篇之后。其余的方论大多杂乱地插入太阳篇中。我因此采集这些内容附在本篇，并综合下昔贤的方论，共编为一卷，这样医生们在临证选方时，才开始具备完备且可依据的资料。
Huangqin (Coptidis Rhizoma, 3 liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang, honey-fried) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 2 liang) Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, 12 pieces, split open)
The above four herbs. Boil with one dou of water. Decoct to obtain three sheng. Remove the dregs. Take one sheng warm. Twice daily. Once at night. If vomiting occurs, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, half sheng) and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 liang). (In Volume 10 of the original treatise, the dosage of Shengjiang is one and a half liang.)
Cheng Wuji commented: For conditions that are deficient and not solid, bitter substances firm them, and sour substances astringe them. The bitter and sour properties of Huangqin and Shaoyao firm and astringe the Qi of the intestines and stomach. For conditions that are weak and insufficient, sweet substances tonify them. The sweet properties of Gancao and Dazao tonify and consolidate the weakness of the intestines and stomach.
Hu notes: Regarding the aforementioned Huangqin Tang (Coptis Decoction), Cheng stated it harmonizes pathogens in the half-exterior and half-interior. However, in his commentary on the herbs, he only mentioned firming, astringing, tonifying, and consolidating the Qi and weakness of the intestines and stomach, without mentioning releasing the exterior. Why is this?
Generally, when Taiyin (Taiyang) and Shaoyang syndromes combine and progress to spontaneous diarrhea, the exterior cold pathogen has all stagnated and transformed into interior heat. Although there is interior heat, it has not formed excess accumulation. Therefore, Huangqin Tang is administered to clear interior heat and nourish Yin. Once the interior heat is cleared and Yin Qi is restored, the Yang heat in the exterior naturally dissipates. Thus, if this syndrome presents with symptoms suitable for Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) for Taiyang disease, it should be strictly contraindicated; even Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) for Shaoyang disease is unnecessary. *Neitai Fangyi* comments: In the above formula, Huangqin is used as the sovereign herb to resolve the interior heat of Shaoyang, which aligns with Cheng's intent. It further states that Shaoyao is used as the minister herb to resolve the exterior heat of Taiyang and circulate Ying Qi. I fear that without Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Shaoyao cannot reach the exterior. To claim it resolves Taiyang heat and circulates Ying Qi seems forced and illogical. The above two syndromes and formulas were originally transferred from the lower section of Volume 4 (Taiyang) of the original treatise and attached here.
(Hu) Notes: Regarding the pulse, syndromes, and treatment methods for Shaoyang disease in Zhang Zhongjing's original treatise, there are only ten clauses, listed after the Yangming chapter in Volume 5. Most other formula discussions are interspersed in the Taiyang chapter. I have therefore collected these materials to attach to this chapter, combined with ancient experts' formula discussions, compiling them into one volume. This ensures that physicians selecting formulas during clinical practice have comprehensive and reliable references.