羌活（一两半治太阳肢骨痛君主之药也然非无为之主乃搅乱反正之君也故大无不通小无不入关节痛者非此不除）
防风（一两半治一身尽痛乃卒伍卑贱之下职听君命将令而行随所使所引而至） 苍术（一两半雄壮上行之药能除湿下安
太阴使邪气不内传之于足太阴脾） 细辛（半两治足少阴肾苦头痛） 川芎（一两治厥阴头痛在脑） 白芷（一两治阳
明头痛在额） 生地黄（一两治少阴心热在内） 黄芩（一两治太阴肺热在胸） 甘草（一两能缓里急调和诸药故有国
老之称）
以上九味虽为一方然亦不可执当视其经络前后左右之不同从其多少大小轻重之不一增损用之其效如神 咀水煎服
若急欲汗者须热服以热汤助之若缓欲汗者温服不用汤助也 脉浮而不解者先急后缓脉沉而不解者先缓后急 此汤不独
解利治杂病亦神中风行经者加附子中风秘涩者加大黄中风并三气合而成痹等证各随十二经上下内外寒热温凉四时六气
加减补泻用之炼蜜作丸亦可 加生地黄各半治两感伤寒如神用豆淋酒煎治破伤风
解表杂方
和解散（和剂） 治四时伤寒头痛烦躁自汗咳嗽吐利（平胃加 桔）
陈皮（洗） 浓朴（去粗皮姜汁炙各四两） 本 桔梗 甘草（各半斤） 苍术（去皮一斤）上为粗末每服三钱
水一盏半姜三片枣二个煎七分不拘时热服
十味芎苏散（澹寮 亦名芎芷香苏散）
治四时伤寒发热头痛
川芎（七钱） 紫苏叶 干葛 柴胡 茯苓（各半两） 半夏（六钱） 陈皮（三钱半） 枳壳（炒三钱） 桔梗
（二钱半） 甘草（二钱）上 咀每服三钱水一盏姜三片枣一枚煎七分温服无时
养胃汤（和剂） 治外感风寒内伤生冷憎寒壮热头目昏疼不问风寒二证夹食停痰俱能治之但感风邪者当以微汗为好
半夏（汤洗七次） 浓朴（去粗皮姜汁炒） 苍术（米泔浸一宿洗切炒各一两） 橘红（七钱半） 藿香叶（洗去
土） 草果（去皮膜） 茯苓（去黑皮） 人参（去芦各半两） 炙甘草（二钱半）上 咀每服四钱水一盏半姜七片乌
梅一个煎六分热服兼治饮食伤脾发为 疟寒多者加附子为十味名不换金散
五积散（和剂） 治阴经伤寒脾胃不和及感寒邪
白芷 川芎 炙甘草 茯苓（去皮） 当归（去芦） 肉桂（去粗皮） 芍药 半夏（汤洗七次各三两） 陈皮（去
白） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 麻黄（去根节各六两） 干姜（ ） 浓朴（去粗皮姜制各四两） 苍术（米泔浸去皮二十
四两） 桔梗（去芦十二两）上除肉桂枳壳二味别为粗末将一十三味慢火炒令色转摊冷次入枳桂令匀每服三钱水一盏半
姜三片葱白三段煎一钟不拘时热服胃寒用煨姜挟气加茱萸调经催生入艾醋服若脾胃不和内伤冷物浑身疼痛头昏无力胸
膈不利饮食不下气脉不和四肢觉冷或睡里虚惊至晚心躁困倦即入盐少许同煎若阴经伤寒手足逆冷及虚汗不止脉细疾面
青而呕更宜加附子同煎加减多少并在临时消息之
海 麻桂芍药甘草即麻黄桂枝各半汤也苍术甘草陈皮浓朴即平胃也枳桔陈茯半即枳梗半夏等汤也加芎归治血又加
干姜为浓朴散此数药相合为解表温中之剂消痞调经之方虽为内寒外感表里之分所制实非仲景表里麻黄桂枝姜附之的方
也惟在活法者变而通之
人参败毒散（和剂） 治伤寒头痛壮热恶寒及风痰咳嗽鼻塞声重风湿身肿体痛恶风疫疠四时通用伤风有汗夏至后用
羌活 独活 前胡 柴胡 芎 枳壳 白茯苓 桔梗 人参（以上各一两） 甘草（半两）上为末每服三钱水一
盏生姜三片薄荷少许同煎至七分去滓温服
参苏饮（元戌） 治内外感一切发热主药又云前胡葛根自能解肌枳壳陈皮自能宽膈大治中焦满痞凡有热不得拘其所见小儿室女尤宜
服之
木香（半两） 紫苏叶 干葛 半夏（汤洗七次姜汁炒） 前胡（去苗） 人参（去芦） 茯苓（去皮各七钱半）
枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 桔梗（去芦） 甘草（炙） 陈皮（去白各半两）上 咀每服四钱水一盏半生姜七片枣一枚煎不拘
时稍热服若素有痰者候热退以二陈六君子汤间服此方治痰饮停积中脘闭塞眩晕嘈烦忪悸呕逆及痰饮中人停留关节手脚
HT曳口眼 斜半身不遂食已则呕头疼发热状如伤寒者悉治之 一法用此药三两加四物汤二两和合名茯苓补心汤大治
男子妇人虚劳发热或五心烦热并衄血吐血便血及妇人下血过多致虚热者并宜服之或因用心太过发虚热者及往来寒热者
用之神效
加味香苏散（拔粹）
香附子（三两） 紫苏梗（二两） 陈皮（一两） 甘草（半两）上为锉散每服四钱水一盏半煎一盏生姜三片连根
葱白二茎同煎热服 头痛加川芎白芷 头痛如斧劈加石膏连须葱头 偏正头风加细辛石膏薄荷 太阳穴痛加荆芥穗石
膏伤风自汗加桂枝 伤寒无汗加麻黄（去节）干姜伤风恶寒加苍术 伤风咳嗽不止加半夏杏仁（去皮尖）伤风胸膈痞
塞加制枳壳 伤风发热不退加漳柴胡黄芩 伤风鼻塞声重咽膈不和加苦梗旋复花伤风痰涎壅盛加白附子天南星伤风鼻
内出血加茅花伤风气促不安加大腹皮桑白皮伤风鼻塞不通头昏加羌活荆芥 伤风不散吐血不时加生地黄 伤风不解耳
内出脓疼痛加羌活荆芥 伤风不解咽喉肿痛加苦梗 伤风中脘寒不思饮食加去白青皮枳壳 伤风呕吐恶心不止加丁香
半夏 伤风头晕眼花颠倒支持不住加熟附子 伤风时作寒栗加桂枝 伤风痰壅呕恶不止加白附子旋复花半夏 伤风后
时时作虚热不退加人参 伤风饮食不能消化加缩砂仁青皮 伤风一向不解作潮热白日至日中不退日日如是加地骨皮漳
柴胡人参庵 初感风头痛作热鼻塞声重加羌活川芎 感风腰疼不能伸屈加官桂桃仁 感风浑身痛不止加赤芍药紫金皮
感风颈项强急不能转头加羌活官桂 腹肚疼痛加木香 腹肚疼刺不可忍加姜黄茱萸七粒 小腹疼痛无时不可忍加木香
姜枣 妇人忽然大便痛肿不能下地加木香木瓜茱萸 妇人被气所苦胸膈痞疼胁肋刺痛小便急疼加木香枳壳 妇人被气
疼所苦加木香缩砂仁 脾胃不和中脘不快加谷芽神曲 伤风吐呕泄泻腹痛加干姜木香 心卒痛者加延胡索酒一盏 饮
酒太过忽遍身发疽或两目昏黄加山茵陈山栀子 中酒吐恶加乌梅丁香 妇人经水将行先作寒热加苏木红花 妇人产后
作虚热不退烦渴加人参地黄 产后发热不退加人参黄 产后腰疼不已加当归官桂冷嗽不已加干姜五味子杏仁脾寒加
良姜青皮草果 香港脚加木香木瓜牛膝紫金皮茱萸川楝子 感风寒发热头疼加不换金正气散 感寒头痛壮热恶寒身痛不
能转动加生料五积散 饮食不下欲吐不吐加丁香罗卜子 感寒头痛发热身疼分阴阳加败毒石膏 妇人产后风脚手疼痛
生料五积散人参败毒散加木瓜不换金正气散加生地黄川芎同煎
十神汤（和剂） 治时令不正瘟疫妄行感冒发热或欲出疹此药不问阴阳两感风寒并宜服之
川芎 甘草 麻黄（去根节） 干葛 紫苏 升麻 赤芍 白芷 陈皮 香附子（各等分）上 咀每服五钱姜葱煎
如头痛甚更加葱白三茎中满气实加枳壳煎并热服
吴 此汤用升麻葛根能解利阳明经瘟疫时气发散之药也非正伤寒之药若太阳经伤寒发热用之则引入阳明经传变发
矣慎之
藿香正气散（和剂） 治伤寒头痛憎寒壮热或感湿气霍乱吐泻常服除山岚瘴气伏暑吐泻脚转筋加香薷扁豆黄连名藿薷汤
大腹皮 白芷 茯苓（去皮） 紫苏茎叶 藿香（各三两） 浓朴（去粗皮姜制） 白术 陈皮（去白） 苦梗 半
夏曲（各二两） 甘草（炙一两）上 咀每服三钱姜三片枣一枚煎热服
吴 此方宋人所制治内伤饮食外感寒邪憎寒拘急头痛呕逆胸膈满闷与夫伤食伤冷伤湿中暑霍乱山岚瘴气不伏水土
寒热作疟并宜增损用之非正伤寒之药若病在太阳经头疼发热骨节痛者此方全无相干如妄用之先虚正气逆其经络虽出汗
亦不解变成坏证者多矣凡伤寒发热脉沉与元气虚人并夹阴伤寒发热者皆不可用切宜戒之
大白术汤（保命） 和解四时伤寒混解六经不犯禁忌
白术 石膏（各二两） 防风 羌活 川芎（各一两） 甘草（五钱或一两） 黄芩 枳实（去瓤各五钱） 知母
（七钱） 白芷（一两半） 细辛（三钱）上为粗末每服半两水一盏半煎至一盏大温服未解更一服两服药渣又作一服
春倍防风羌活夏倍黄芩知母季夏雨淫倍术白芷秋加桂枝五钱冬加桂八钱或一两 上以上诸方皆为元气不虚者设也
如芎苏香苏散则内伤少而外感多者宜之和解散养胃汤则外感少而内伤多者宜之五积散则寒多者宜之冬亦宜之大白术汤
则热多者宜之春夏亦宜之败毒散则宜于挟湿者参苏饮则宜于挟痰者十神正气则吴氏之议当矣大抵证兼表里邪由错杂似
伤寒而非正伤寒者乃可于诸方中斟酌选用若脉证与麻黄桂枝吻合自当遵仲景法治即元气素虚或平素有热不宜麻桂者亦
必如洁古海藏法缓缓消减庶几无误尔人命至重死不复生临病之工宜详审焉
戴院使（元礼）治伤风伤寒法初得病时并宜和解散芎芷香苏散或养胃汤加草芎各半钱热服温覆若的是伤风有前自汗
恶风等证可用桂枝汤令其热服温覆喘加杏仁一钱咳加五味子一钱渴加人参半钱外热未止者败毒散热而有汗者败毒散加
桂枝半钱或阳旦汤呕者不宜用桂枝汤合于本方加半夏一钱添姜煎此非合病之呕系伤寒杂病即非正寒故可用也风寒二证
理当发汗而其人虚不可汗者宜桂枝汤加黄 半钱若的是伤寒有前恶寒无汗等证可用五积散浓被覆之取汗喘嗽者杏子汤
加麻黄半钱欲汗而不得汗者再进已汗而身热不退者参苏散或败毒散加桂枝半钱呕者养胃汤此非治合病之呕若风寒俱伤
或恶风而无汗或恶寒而无汗疑似之间只宜五积散半帖加败毒散半帖名交加散喘嗽者小青龙汤有初得病太阳证具但寒而
未即为热至一二日后方热此伤于寒若伤风即有热矣但寒未热者五积散发汗有已服解表药不恶风不恶寒诸表证已罢于里
又未躁未渴小便亦未赤大便如常独身热未除者宜香苏散败毒散小柴胡汤加桂枝半钱有已服解表药证已罢又无里证其人
体痛不减者恐是发汗多荣卫不和所致宜小建中汤用半浓半薄之桂
河间刘氏治法伤寒表实无汗头项痛腰脊强身热恶寒肩背拘急手足指末微厥脉浮紧而涩当以清解散加天水散汗之伤
风表虚自汗头项强痛肢节烦疼鼻鸣干呕恶风手足温脉浮缓当以通解散或天水散解之或表虚或表实但口干烦渴者悉宜双
解散汗之汗后余热不解以凉膈散退之或日深或日浅但有表证而脉沉数者先以天水连翘饮之清之待脉浮而里热减然后以
双解散汗之伤寒表汗解脉浮小便不利微热口干五苓散分之表热多里热少益元一凉膈半和解之里热多表热少凉膈一益元
半调之若表里俱热头痛口干自汗不止白虎汤治之或半在表半在里往来寒热口苦舌干耳聋干呕胸胁痞痛小柴胡汤和解之
或膈热呕吐不止者半夏橘皮汤治之或饮水不止以成湿热大便泄泻小便赤涩腹满急痛头痛口干者桂苓甘露饮主之或湿热
内余而成下痢频并少腹而痛者黄连解毒汤治之伤寒日深表里热势极甚心下急郁微烦或发热汗出不解心下痞硬呕吐下利
或阳明病多汗或太阴腹满实痛或少阴下利清水心下痛而口干或无表里证但发热七八日脉虽浮数宜双除表里之热大柴胡
汤微下之或加小承气汤尤妙伤寒日深里热极甚日晡潮热谵言妄语发狂腹满实痛法当大承气汤下之或用三一承气汤尤良
上戴氏用药偏热刘氏用药偏寒于世运风土禀质感受各有所宜临病者详审而酌施之方许亲见长沙耳刘氏所用诸方前条无
之今列于后
通圣散（轻剂） 治风热郁结憎寒发热筋脉挛痹肢体焦痿头目昏眩耳鸣鼻塞口苦舌干咽喉不利涕唾稠粘咳嗽上气肠胃燥涩便血瘀血
疮疡肿痛 疟不痊妇人产后血滞腹痛小儿惊风积热并坠马跌仆疼痛或伤寒伤风等并皆治之
防风 芒硝 连翘 川芎 麻黄 薄荷 白芍药 当归 大黄（各五钱） 黄芩 桔梗 石膏（各一两） 甘草（二
两） 荆芥 山栀 白术（各一钱） 滑石（三两） 上 咀每服一两或二两水一盏生姜三片同煎七分去滓温服不拘时
如发散风寒加葱白三茎如治痰嗽每服加半夏少许
凉膈散（清剂） 治心火上盛膈热有余目赤头眩口疮唇裂鼻衄吐血咳嗽痰涎淋闭不利大小便不通或伤寒半表半里及胃热发 及阴耗阳竭用以养阴退阳或汗下后余热不解并小儿疮痘黑陷并皆治之
连翘（一两） 甘草 山栀 黄芩 大黄 薄荷（各五钱） 朴硝（二钱半）上 咀每服一两水一钟竹叶三十片同
煎七分去滓入生蜜少许食后温服加黄连五钱名清心汤
天水散（淡剂） 治伤寒表里俱热烦渴口干小便不通及霍乱吐泻下利肠 偏主石淋及妇人产难催生下乳神仙之妙药也
桂府滑石（腻白者六两） 粉草（一两半）上为极细末每服三钱白汤调下新汲水亦得 加薄荷末少许名鸡苏散加青
黛末少许名碧玉散治疗并同但以避世俗之轻侮尔
三一承气汤 治伤寒大承气汤证腹满实痛调胃承气证谵语下利小承气汤证内热不便三乙承气汤合而为一也及
羌活（一两半，是治疗太阳经肢骨疼痛的君主药物。它并非无为而治的主药，而是搅乱邪气、恢复正气的君主。因此，它大能通治一切，小能无孔不入，关节疼痛非此药不能消除。）
防风（一两半，治疗全身疼痛，地位如同卒伍中的卑贱下属，听从君主的命令将令而行，随使唤所引导之处到达病所。）
苍术（一两半，雄壮上行的药物，能够祛除湿邪，下安太阴，使邪气不向内传入足太阴脾经。）
细辛（半两，治疗足少阴肾经引起的头痛。）
川芎（一两，治疗厥阴经头痛，痛位在脑。）
白芷（一两，治疗阳明经头痛，痛位在额部。）
生地黄（一两，治疗少阴心经内热。）
黄芩（一两，治疗太阴肺经胸中热。）
甘草（一两，能缓解里急，调和诸药，因此有“国老”的称号。）
以上九味药虽然组成一方，但也不可固执不变，应当视其经络前后左右的不同，根据病情多少、大小、轻重的不一进行增减使用，效果如神。切碎后用水煎服。如果急于发汗，必须热服，并用热汤送服以助药力；如果缓欲发汗，则温服，不用热汤辅助。脉浮而不解的，先急后缓；脉沉而不解的，先缓后急。此汤不仅解表利湿，治疗杂病也极灵验。中风行经者加附子；中风便秘涩滞者加大黄；中风兼三气合而成痹等证，各随十二经上下内外寒热温凉及四时六气加减补泻使用。炼蜜作丸也可以。加生地黄各半两，治疗两感伤寒，效果如神；用豆淋酒煎服，治疗破伤风。
解表杂方
和解散（出自《和剂局方》）：治疗四时伤寒引起的头痛、烦躁、自汗、咳嗽、吐利。（由平胃散加桔梗、陈皮组成）
陈皮（洗净）、浓朴（去除粗皮，姜汁炙，各四两）、本（此处疑为藁本或独活之误，原文如此）、桔梗、甘草（各半斤）、苍术（去皮一斤）。以上研为粗末，每服三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，大枣二个，煎至七分，不拘时候热服。
十味芎苏散（出自《澹寮方》，又名芎芷香苏散）：治疗四时伤寒发热、头痛。
川芎（七钱）、紫苏叶、干葛、柴胡、茯苓（各半两）、半夏（六钱）、陈皮（三钱半）、枳壳（炒，三钱）、桔梗（二钱半）、甘草（二钱）。以上切碎，每服三钱，水一盏，生姜三片，大枣一枚，煎至七分，随时温服。
养胃汤（出自《和剂局方》）：治疗外感风寒、内伤生冷引起的憎寒壮热、头目昏疼。不论风寒二证夹食停痰，俱能治疗。但感受风邪者，以微汗为好。
半夏（汤洗七次）、浓朴（去粗皮，姜汁炒）、苍术（米泔水浸一夜，洗切炒，各一两）、橘红（七钱半）、藿香叶（洗去土）、草果（去皮膜）、茯苓（去黑皮）、人参（去芦，各半两）、炙甘草（二钱半）。以上切碎，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七片，乌梅一个，煎至六分，热服。兼治饮食伤脾引发的疟疾，寒多者加附子，名为十味名不换金散。
五积散（出自《和剂局方》）：治疗阴经伤寒、脾胃不和以及感受寒邪。
白芷、川芎、炙甘草、茯苓（去皮）、当归（去芦）、肉桂（去粗皮）、芍药、半夏（汤洗七次，各三两）、陈皮（去白）、枳壳（去瓤，麸炒）、麻黄（去根节，各六两）、干姜（未注明剂量，原文空缺）、浓朴（去粗皮，姜制，各四两）、苍术（米泔浸去皮，二十四两）、桔梗（去芦，十二两）。以上除肉桂、枳壳两味另研为粗末外，将十三味药慢火炒至颜色转变，摊冷，然后加入枳壳、肉桂拌匀。每服三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，葱白三段，煎一钟，不拘时候热服。胃寒用煨姜；挟气加吴茱萸；调经催生入艾醋服。若脾胃不和，内伤冷物，浑身疼痛，头昏无力，胸膈不利，饮食不下，气脉不和，四肢觉冷，或睡里虚惊，至晚心躁困倦，即入盐少许同煎。若阴经伤寒，手足逆冷及虚汗不止，脉细疾，面青而呕，更宜加附子同煎。加减多少并在临时斟酌。
海藏（张元素）曰：麻黄、桂枝、芍药、甘草即麻黄桂枝各半汤也；苍术、甘草、陈皮、浓朴即平胃散也；枳壳、桔梗、陈皮、茯苓、半夏即枳梗半夏等汤也；加川芎、当归治血，又加干姜为浓朴散。此数药相合，为解表温中之剂，消痞调经之方。虽为内寒外感、表里之分所制，实非仲景治疗表里证的麻黄、桂枝、姜、附的确切方剂。惟在灵活变通者变而通之。
人参败毒散（出自《和剂局方》）：治疗伤寒头痛、壮热、恶寒及风痰咳嗽、鼻塞声重、风湿身肿体痛、恶风、疫疠，四时通用。伤风有汗，夏至后用。
羌活、独活、前胡、柴胡、川芎、枳壳、白茯苓、桔梗、人参（以上各一两）、甘草（半两）。以上为末，每服三钱，水一盏，生姜三片，薄荷少许，同煎至七分，去滓温服。
参苏饮（出自《元戎方》）：治疗内外感一切发热的主药。又说前胡、葛根自能解肌，枳壳、陈皮自能宽膈。大治中焦满痞。凡有热不得拘泥所见。小儿、室女尤宜服之。
木香（半两）、紫苏叶、干葛、半夏（汤洗七次，姜汁炒）、前胡（去苗）、人参（去芦）、茯苓（去皮，各七钱半）、枳壳（去瓤，麸炒）、桔梗（去芦）、甘草（炙）、陈皮（去白，各半两）。以上切碎，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七片，大枣一枚，煎，不拘时候稍热服。若素有痰者，候热退以二陈汤、六君子汤间服。此方治痰饮停积中脘闭塞眩晕、嘈杂烦闷、怔忡悸动、呕逆及痰饮中人停留关节、手脚牵引、口眼歪斜、半身不遂、食已则呕、头疼发热状如伤寒者，悉治之。一法用此药三两加四物汤二两和合，名茯苓补心汤。大治男子妇人虚劳发热，或五心烦热，并衄血、吐血、便血，及妇人下血过多致虚热者，并宜服之。或因用心太过发虚热者，及往来寒热者，用之神效。
加味香苏散（出自《拔粹方》）
香附子（三两）、紫苏梗（二两）、陈皮（一两）、甘草（半两）。以上为锉散，每服四钱，水一盏半，煎一盏，生姜三片，连根葱白二茎，同煎热服。头痛加川芎、白芷；头痛如斧劈加石膏、连须葱头；偏正头风加细辛、石膏、薄荷；太阳穴痛加荆芥穗、石膏；伤风自汗加桂枝；伤寒无汗加麻黄（去节）、干姜；伤风恶寒加苍术；伤风咳嗽不止加半夏、杏仁（去皮尖）；伤风胸膈痞塞加制枳壳；伤风发热不退加漳柴胡、黄芩；伤风鼻塞声重、咽膈不和加苦梗、旋复花；伤风痰涎壅盛加白附子、天南星；伤风鼻内出血加茅花；伤风气促不安加大腹皮、桑白皮；伤风鼻塞不通、头昏加羌活、荆芥；伤风不散、吐血不时加生地黄；伤风不解、耳内出脓疼痛加羌活、荆芥；伤风不解、咽喉肿痛加苦梗；伤风中脘寒不思饮食加去白青皮、枳壳；伤风呕吐恶心不止加丁香、半夏；伤风头晕眼花颠倒支持不住加熟附子；伤风时作寒栗加桂枝；伤风痰壅呕恶不止加白附子、旋复花、半夏；伤风后时时作虚热不退加人参；伤风饮食不能消化加缩砂仁、青皮；伤风一向不解作潮热，白日至日中不退，日日如是加地骨皮、漳柴胡、人参庵（此处疑为人名或衍文，暂译为人参）；初感风头痛作热、鼻塞声重加羌活、川芎；感风腰疼不能伸屈加官桂、桃仁；感风浑身痛不止加赤芍药、紫金皮；感风颈项强急不能转头加羌活、官桂；腹肚疼痛加木香；腹肚疼刺不可忍加姜黄、茱萸七粒；小腹疼痛无时不可忍加木香、姜枣；妇人忽然大便痛肿不能下地加木香、木瓜、茱萸；妇人被气所苦，胸膈痞疼、胁肋刺痛、小便急疼加木香、枳壳；妇人被气疼所苦加木香、缩砂仁；脾胃不和中脘不快加谷芽、神曲；伤风吐呕泄泻腹痛加干姜、木香；心卒痛者加延胡索、酒一盏；饮酒太过忽遍身发疽或两目昏黄加山茵陈、山栀子；中酒吐恶加乌梅、丁香；妇人经水将行先作寒热加苏木、红花；妇人产后作虚热不退、烦渴加人参、地黄；产后发热不退加人参、黄芪；产后腰疼不已加当归、官桂；冷嗽不已加干姜、五味子、杏仁；脾寒加良姜、青皮、草果；香港脚加木香、木瓜、牛膝、紫金皮、茱萸、川楝子；感风寒发热头疼加不换金正气散；感寒头痛壮热恶寒身痛不能转动加生料五积散；饮食不下欲吐不吐加丁香、萝卜子；感寒头痛发热身疼分阴阳加败毒石膏；妇人产后风脚手疼痛，生料五积散、人参败毒散加木瓜，不换金正气散加生地黄、川芎同煎。
十神汤（出自《和剂局方》）：治疗时令不正瘟疫妄行感冒发热，或欲出疹。此药不问阴阳两感、风寒，并宜服之。
川芎、甘草、麻黄（去根节）、干葛、紫苏、升麻、赤芍、白芷、陈皮、香附子（各等分）。以上切碎，每服五钱，姜葱煎，如头痛甚更加葱白三茎，中满气实加枳壳煎，并热服。
吴崑评：此汤用升麻、葛根能解利阳明经瘟疫时气发散之药也，非正伤寒之药。若太阳经伤寒发热用之，则引入阳明经传变发斑矣，慎之。
藿香正气散（出自《和剂局方》）：治疗伤寒头痛、憎寒壮热，或感湿气霍乱吐泻。常服除山岚瘴气。伏暑吐泻、脚转筋加香薷、扁豆、黄连，名藿薷汤。
大腹皮、白芷、茯苓（去皮）、紫苏茎叶、藿香（各三两）、浓朴（去粗皮，姜制）、白术、陈皮（去白）、苦梗、半夏曲（各二两）、甘草（炙一两）。以上切碎，每服三钱，姜三片，枣一枚，煎热服。
吴崑评：此方宋人所制，治内伤饮食、外感寒邪、憎寒拘急、头痛呕逆、胸膈满闷，与夫伤食、伤冷、伤湿、中暑、霍乱、山岚瘴气、不伏水土、寒热作疟，并宜增损用之。非正伤寒之药。若病在太阳经头疼发热骨节痛者，此方全无相干。如妄用之，先虚正气，逆其经络，虽出汗亦不解，变成坏证者多矣。凡伤寒发热脉沉与元气虚人并夹阴伤寒发热者，皆不可用，切宜戒之。
大白术汤（出自《保命集》）：和解四时伤寒，混解六经，不犯禁忌。
白术、石膏（各二两）、防风、羌活、川芎（各一两）、甘草（五钱或一两）、黄芩、枳实（去瓤，各五钱）、知母（七钱）、白芷（一两半）、细辛（三钱）。以上为粗末，每服半两，水一盏半，煎至一盏，大温服。未解更一服，两服药渣又作一服。春倍防风、羌活；夏倍黄芩、知母；季夏雨淫倍术、白芷；秋加桂枝五钱；冬加桂八钱或一两。以上诸方皆为元气不虚者设也。如芎苏香苏散则内伤少而外感多者宜之；和解散、养胃汤则外感少而内伤多者宜之；五积散则寒多者宜之，冬亦宜之；大白术汤则热多者宜之，春夏亦宜之；败毒散则宜于挟湿者；参苏饮则宜于挟痰者；十神正气则吴氏之议当矣。大抵证兼表里，邪由错杂，似伤寒而非正伤寒者，乃可于诸方中斟酌选用。若脉证与麻黄、桂枝吻合，自当遵仲景法治。即元气素虚或平素有热不宜麻桂者，亦必如洁古、海藏法缓缓消减，庶几无误尔。人命至重，死不复生，临病之工宜详审焉。
戴院使（元礼）治伤风伤寒法：初得病时并宜和解散、芎芷香苏散或养胃汤加草、芎各半钱，热服温覆。若的是伤风，有前自汗、恶风等证，可用桂枝汤令其热服温覆。喘加杏仁一钱，咳加五味子一钱，渴加人参半钱。外热未止者败毒散，热而有汗者败毒散加桂枝半钱或阳旦汤。呕者不宜用桂枝汤，合于本方加半夏一钱添姜煎。此非合病之呕，系伤寒杂病，即非正寒，故可用也。风寒二证理当发汗，而其人虚不可汗者，宜桂枝汤加黄芪半钱。若的是伤寒，有前恶寒无汗等证，可用五积散，浓被覆之取汗。喘嗽者杏子汤加麻黄半钱。欲汗而不得汗者再进。已汗而身热不退者，参苏散或败毒散加桂枝半钱。呕者养胃汤。此非治合病之呕。若风寒俱伤，或恶风而无汗，或恶寒而无汗，疑似之间，只宜五积散半帖加败毒散半帖，名交加散。喘嗽者小青龙汤。有初得病太阳证具，但寒而未即为热，至一二日后方热，此伤于寒。若伤风即有热矣。但寒未热者，五积散发汗。有已服解表药，不恶风不恶寒，诸表证已罢，于里又未躁未渴，小便亦未赤，大便如常，独身热未除者，宜香苏散、败毒散、小柴胡汤加桂枝半钱。有已服解表药，证已罢，又无里证，其人体痛不减者，恐是发汗多，荣卫不和所致，宜小建中汤，用半浓半薄之桂。
河间刘氏治法：伤寒表实无汗，头项痛，腰脊强，身热恶寒，肩背拘急，手足指末微厥，脉浮紧而涩，当以清解散加天水散汗之。伤风表虚自汗，头项强痛，肢节烦疼，鼻鸣干呕，恶风，手足温，脉浮缓，当以通解散或天水散解之。或表虚或表实，但口干烦渴者，悉宜双解散汗之。汗后余热不解，以凉膈散退之。或日深或日浅，但有表证而脉沉数者，先以天水连翘饮之清之。待脉浮而里热减，然后以双解散汗之。伤寒表汗解，脉浮，小便不利，微热，口干，五苓散分之。表热多里热少，益元一、凉膈半，和解之。里热多表热少，凉膈一、益元半，调之。若表里俱热，头痛口干，自汗不止，白虎汤治之。或半在表半在里，往来寒热，口苦舌干，耳聋，干呕，胸胁痞痛，小柴胡汤和解之。或膈热呕吐不止者，半夏橘皮汤治之。或饮水不止以成湿热，大便泄泻，小便赤涩，腹满急痛，头痛口干者，桂苓甘露饮主之。或湿热内余而成下痢频并，少腹而痛者，黄连解毒汤治之。伤寒日深，表里热势极甚，心下急郁微烦，或发热汗出不解，心下痞硬，呕吐下利，或阳明病多汗，或太阴腹满实痛，或少阴下利清水，心下痛而口干，或无表里证，但发热七八日，脉虽浮数，宜双除表里之热，大柴胡汤微下之，或加小承气汤尤妙。伤寒日深，里热极甚，日晡潮热，谵言妄语，发狂，腹满实痛，法当大承气汤下之，或用三一承气汤尤良。
上戴氏用药偏热，刘氏用药偏寒，于世运风土禀质，感受各有所宜。临病者详审而酌施之，方许亲见长沙耳。刘氏所用诸方前条无之，今列于后。
通圣散（出自《轻剂》）：治疗风热郁结，憎寒发热，筋脉挛痹，肢体焦痿，头目昏眩，耳鸣鼻塞，口苦舌干，咽喉不利，涕唾稠粘，咳嗽上气，肠胃燥涩，便血瘀血，疮疡肿痛，疟不痊，妇人产后血滞腹痛，小儿惊风积热，并坠马跌仆疼痛，或伤寒伤风等，并皆治之。
防风、芒硝、连翘、川芎、麻黄、薄荷、白芍药、当归、大黄（各五钱）、黄芩、桔梗、石膏（各一两）、甘草（二两）、荆芥、山栀、白术（各一钱）、滑石（三两）。以上切碎，每服一两或二两，水一盏，生姜三片，同煎七分，去滓温服，不拘时。如发散风寒加葱白三茎；如治痰嗽每服加半夏少许。
凉膈散（出自《清剂》）：治疗心火上盛，膈热有余，目赤头眩，口疮唇裂，鼻衄吐血，咳嗽痰涎，淋闭不利，大小便不通。或伤寒半表半里及胃热发斑，及阴耗阳竭，用以养阴退阳。或汗下后余热不解，并小儿疮痘黑陷，并皆治之。
连翘（一两）、甘草、山栀、黄芩、大黄、薄荷（各五钱）、朴硝（二钱半）。以上切碎，每服一两，水一钟，竹叶三十片，同煎七分，去滓入生蜜少许，食后温服。加黄连五钱，名清心汤。
天水散（出自《淡剂》）：治疗伤寒表里俱热，烦渴口干，小便不通，及霍乱吐泻下利肠。偏主石淋及妇人产难催生下乳，神仙之妙药也。
桂府滑石（腻白者六两）、粉草（一两半）。以上为极细末，每服三钱，白汤调下，新汲水亦得。加薄荷末少许，名鸡苏散；加青黛末少许，名碧玉散。治疗并同，但以避世俗之轻侮尔。
Notopterygium (Qianghuo) (1.5 liang): It is the sovereign drug for treating pain in the limbs and bones of the Taiyang channel. Although it is not a sovereign drug that acts through non-action, it is a sovereign that disrupts chaos to restore order. Therefore, it penetrates deeply without obstruction and enters everywhere without exception; joint pain cannot be eliminated without this herb.
Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng) (1.5 liang): Treats pain throughout the body. Its status is like that of low-ranking soldiers who obey the orders of generals and commanders, going wherever they are directed and guided.
Atractylodes (Cangzhu) (1.5 liang): A robust, ascending herb that can dispel dampness and calm the Taiyin below, preventing pathogenic factors from transmitting internally to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen.
Asarum (Xixin) (0.5 liang): Treats headache caused by the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney.
Ligusticum (Chuanxiong) (1 liang): Treats Jueyin headache located in the brain.
Angelica dahurica (Baizhi) (1 liang): Treats Yangming headache located in the forehead.
Rehmannia (Shengdihuang) (1 liang): Treats internal heat of the Shaoyin Heart.
Scutellaria (Huangqin) (1 liang): Treats heat in the chest of the Taiyin Lung.
Licorice (Gancao) (1 liang): Can relieve internal urgency and harmonize various herbs, hence its title "Guolao" (Old Statesman).
Although the above nine herbs form one prescription, one must not adhere rigidly to it. One should observe the differences in the meridians (Jingluo), front and back, left and right, and adjust the dosage according to the severity, magnitude, lightness, and heaviness of the condition. The efficacy will be miraculous. Chopped and decocted in water. If sweating is desired urgently, take it hot, assisted by hot soup/water. If sweating is desired slowly, take it warm without assistance. If the pulse is floating and unresolved, start with urgency and follow with slowness; if the pulse is sunken and unresolved, start with slowness and follow with urgency. This decoction is not only effective for releasing the exterior but also miraculous for treating miscellaneous diseases. For wind-stroke affecting the channels, add Aconite (Fuzi); for wind-stroke with constipation and dryness, add Rhubarb (Dahuang); for wind-stroke combined with three pathogens causing bi-syndrome, etc., add or subtract according to the twelve meridians, interior/exterior, cold/heat, warmth/cold, four seasons, and six qi, using tonification or draining methods. Pill form made with refined honey is also acceptable. Add Rehmannia (Shengdihuang) half a liang each to treat Lianggan Cold Damage (simultaneous involvement of two meridians) with miraculous effect; decoct with Doulin Wine (soybean淋 wine) to treat tetanus.
Miscellaneous Formulas for Releasing the Exterior
Hejie San (Harmonizing Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats headache, irritability, spontaneous sweating, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea caused by Cold Damage in the four seasons. (Composed of Pingwei San plus Jiegeng and Chenpi).
Chenpi (washed), Houpo (coarse bark removed, stir-fried with ginger juice, 4 liang each), Ben (likely Gaoben or Duhuo, original text unclear), Jiegeng, Gancao (each 8 liang), Cangzhu (peeled, 1 jin). Grind into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 2 jujubes until reduced to 70%. Take hot at any time.
Shiwei Xiongsu San (Ten-Ingredient Ligusticum and Perilla Decoction) [from *Danliao Fang*, also known as Xiongzhi Xiangsu San]: Treats fever and headache caused by Cold Damage in the four seasons.
Chuanxiong (7 qian), Zisuye (Perilla Leaf), Gegen (Kudzu Root), Chaihu (Bupleurum), Fuling (Poria) (each 0.5 liang), Banxia (Pinellia) (6 qian), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) (3.5 qian), Zhike (Immature Bitter Orange, stir-fried, 3 qian), Jiegeng (Platycodon) (2.5 qian), Gancao (Licorice) (2 qian). Chop and decoct. Take 3 qian per dose with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 1 jujube, reduced to 70%. Take warm at any time.
Yangwei Tang (Stomach-Nourishing Decoction) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats aversion to cold with high fever, dizziness, and headache caused by external contraction of wind-cold and internal injury from raw/cold food. It treats both wind-cold syndromes complicated by food stagnation and phlegm-fluid retention. For those contracting wind pathogen, mild sweating is preferable.
Banxia (washed seven times in boiling water), Houpo (coarse bark removed, stir-fried with ginger juice), Cangzhu (soaked in rice wash overnight, washed, sliced, stir-fried, 1 liang each), Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum) (7.5 qian), Huoxiangye (Agastache Leaf, washed to remove dirt), Caoguo (Black Cardamom, husk and membrane removed), Fuling (black skin removed), Renshen (Ginseng, radix removed, 0.5 liang each), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice) (2.5 qian). Chop and decoct. Take 4 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of ginger, and 1 dark plum, reduced to 60%. Take hot. It also treats malaria arising from spleen injury due to dietary irregularities; if chills predominate, add Fuzi (Aconite), named Shiwei Mingbuhuan Jin San (Ten-Ingredient Name-Unchanging Gold Powder).
Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats Yin-meridian Cold Damage, spleen-stomach disharmony, and contraction of cold pathogen.
Baizhi, Chuanxiong, Zhigancao, Fuling (peeled), Danggui (radix removed), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark, coarse bark removed), Shaoyao (Peony), Banxia (washed seven times in boiling water) (each 3 liang), Chenpi (white part removed), Zhike (pulp removed, bran-fried), Mahuang (Ephedra, roots and nodes removed) (each 6 liang), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) (dose unspecified in original), Houpo (coarse bark removed, prepared with ginger juice) (each 4 liang), Cangzhu (soaked in rice wash, peeled, 24 liang), Jiegeng (radix removed, 12 liang). Except for Rougui and Zhike which are ground separately into coarse powder, stir-fry the other thirteen herbs slowly over low heat until the color changes, spread out to cool, then mix in Zhike and Rougui evenly. Take 3 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 3 segments of scallion white, decocted to one cup. Take hot at any time. For stomach cold, use baked ginger; for Qi stagnation, add Wuzhuyu; for regulating menstruation and inducing labor, add Mugwort and vinegar. If spleen-stomach disharmony occurs due to internal injury from cold foods, manifesting as whole-body pain, dizziness, weakness, chest oppression, inability to eat, discordant Qi and pulse, cold limbs, nocturnal fright, evening restlessness, add a pinch of salt during decoction. For Yin-meridian Cold Damage with cold extremities, continuous spontaneous sweating, fine and rapid pulse, blue complexion, and vomiting, add Fuzi (Aconite) to the decoction. Adjust dosages based on clinical judgment.
Haicang (Zhang Yuansu) stated: Mahuang, Guizhi, Shaoyao, Gancao constitute Mahuang Guizhi Geban Tang (Half-and-Half Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig). Cangzhu, Gancao, Chenpi, Houpo constitute Pingwei San (Calm the Stomach Powder). Zhike, Jiegeng, Chenpi, Fuling, Banxia constitute Zhiji Banxia Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Platycodon, and Pinellia Decoction). Adding Chuanxiong and Danggui treats blood disorders; adding Ganjiang makes Houpo San (Houpo Powder). These combinations serve as formulas for releasing the exterior and warming the middle, eliminating distension, and regulating menstruation. Although they address internal cold and external contraction, separating interior and exterior, they are not the precise formulas of Zhang Zhongjing for treating interior-exterior conditions involving Mahuang, Guizhi, Jiang, and Fu. Only flexible practitioners can adapt them appropriately.
Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng Disaster-Expelling Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats Cold Damage with headache, high fever, aversion to cold, wind-phlegm cough, nasal congestion with heavy voice, rheumatic body swelling and pain, aversion to wind, epidemics, and is suitable for all four seasons. For wind-cold with sweating, use after Summer Solstice.
Qianghuo, Duhuo, Qianhu, Chaihu, Chuanxiong, Zhike, Baifuling (Poria), Jiegeng, Renshen (each 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang). Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, and a little Bohe (Mint), decoct to 70%, strain, and take warm.
Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink) [from *Yuanrong Fang*]: The main formula for treating all fevers from internal and external contractions. It is said that Qianhu and Gegen naturally release the muscle layer, while Zhike and Chenpi naturally widen the diaphragm. It greatly treats fullness and stuffiness in the middle jiao. Do not be constrained by superficial appearances when heat is present. Especially suitable for children and unmarried women.
Muxiang (Costus Root) (0.5 liang), Zisuye, Gegen, Banxia (washed seven times in boiling water, stir-fried with ginger juice), Qianhu (radicle removed), Renshen (radix removed), Fuling (peeled, each 7.5 qian), Zhike (pulp removed, bran-fried), Jiegeng (radix removed), Zhigancao, Chenpi (white part removed, each 0.5 liang). Chop and decoct. Take 4 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of ginger, and 1 jujube, decocted, take slightly warm at any time. For those with chronic phlegm, alternate with Erchen Tang (Two-Chemical Decoction) or Liujunzi Tang (Six-Gentleman Decoction) after fever subsides. This formula treats phlegm-fluid retention obstructing the middle jiao causing dizziness, epigastric discomfort, palpitations, vomiting, phlegm blocking joints causing limb traction, facial paralysis, hemiplegia, postprandial vomiting, headache, fever resembling Cold Damage, etc. Another method: combine 3 liang of this formula with 2 liang of Siwu Tang (Four-Substance Decoction), named Fuling Buxin Tang (Poria Nourishing Heart Decoction). It greatly treats deficiency-fever in men and women, five-palm heat, epistaxis, hematemesis, hematochezia, and deficiency-fever due to excessive uterine bleeding in women. It is also suitable for deficiency-fever caused by excessive mental exertion and alternating chills and fever, with miraculous effects.
Jiawei Xiangsu San (Modified Fragrant Perilla Powder) [from *Bacui Fang*]
Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome) (3 liang), Zisugeng (Perilla Stem) (2 liang), Chenpi (1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang). Grind into coarse pieces. Take 4 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 1 cup, add 3 slices of ginger and 2 stalks of scallion white with roots, decoct together, and take hot.
Modifications:
For headache, add Chuanxiong and Baizhi.
For severe headache like an axe blow, add Shigao (Gypsum) and Lianxu Congtou (Scallion White with Roots).
For lateral or frontal headwind, add Xixin, Shigao, and Bohe.
For Taiyang acupoint pain, add Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike) and Shigao.
For wind-cold with spontaneous sweating, add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig).
For Cold Damage without sweating, add Mahuang (Ephedra, nodes removed) and Ganjiang.
For wind-cold with aversion to cold, add Cangzhu.
For persistent wind-cold cough, add Banxia and Xingren (Apricot Seed, skin and tip removed).
For wind-cold with chest/diaphragm stuffiness, add Zhi Zhike (Processed Immature Bitter Orange).
For persistent wind-cold fever, add Zhang Chaihu (Zhangzhou Bupleurum) and Huangqin.
For wind-cold with nasal congestion, heavy voice, and throat/diaphragm disharmony, add Kugeng (Platycodon) and Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower).
For copious wind-cold phlegm, add Baifuizi (Levisticum Root) and Tiannanxing (Arisaema).
For wind-cold with epistaxis, add Maohua (Cattail Pollen).
For wind-cold with rapid breathing and anxiety, add Dafupi (Areca Peel) and Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark).
For wind-cold with nasal blockage and dizziness, add Qianghuo and Jingjie.
For persistent wind-cold with intermittent hematemesis, add Shengdihuang (Rehmannia).
For persistent wind-cold with purulent otorrhea and pain, add Qianghuo and Jingjie.
For persistent wind-cold with sore throat, add Kugeng.
For wind-cold with middle jiao cold and loss of appetite, add Qu Bai Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel without white pith) and Zhike.
For persistent wind-cold vomiting and nausea, add Dingxiang (Clove) and Banxia.
For wind-cold with severe dizziness and vertigo, add Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconite).
For wind-cold with intermittent chills, add Guizhi.
For wind-cold with phlegm obstruction and persistent vomiting, add Baifuizi, Xuanfuhua, and Banxia.
For lingering deficiency-fever after wind-cold, add Renshen.
For indigestion after wind-cold, add Suosharen (Amomum Fruit) and Qingpi.
For persistent wind-cold turning into tidal fever (unresolved from noon to midday daily), add Digupi (Lycium Root Bark), Zhang Chaihu, and Renshen An (Note: 'An' may be a typo or specific preparation).
For initial wind-cold with headache, fever, nasal congestion, and heavy voice, add Qianghuo and Chuanxiong.
For wind-cold with lower back pain and stiffness, add Guanzi Gui (Cassia Bark) and Taoren (Peach Kernel).
For persistent wind-cold with whole-body pain, add Chi Shaoyao (Red Peony) and Zijin Pi.
For wind-cold with neck stiffness and inability to turn head, add Qianghuo and Guanzi Gui.
For abdominal pain, add Muxiang.
For unbearable stabbing abdominal pain, add Jianghuang (Turmeric) and 7 Zhuyu (Cornus Fruit).
For unbearable constant lower abdominal pain, add Muxiang, Ginger, and Jujube.
For sudden large intestine pain and swelling in women making walking impossible, add Muxiang, Mugua (Chaenomeles), and Zhuyu.
For women suffering from Qi stagnation with chest/diaphragm stuffiness, hypochondriac stabbing pain, and urgent painful urination, add Muxiang and Zhike.
For women suffering from Qi pain, add Muxiang and Suosharen.
For spleen-stomach disharmony and epigastric discomfort, add Guya (Sprouted Grain) and Shenqu (Medicated Leaven).
For wind-cold with vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, add Ganjiang and Muxiang.
For sudden heart pain, add Yanhusuo (Corydalis) and 1 cup of wine.
For carbuncles appearing all over the body or yellow eyes due to excessive alcohol consumption, add Shanyinch'en (Artemisia Capillaris) and Shan Zhizi (Gardenia).
For alcohol-induced nausea/vomiting, add Wumei (Mume Fruit) and Dingxiang.
For chills and fever preceding menstruation in women, add Sumu (Sappan Wood) and Honghua (Safflower).
For persistent deficiency-fever and thirst after childbirth, add Renshen and Dihuang (Rehmannia).
For persistent fever after childbirth, add Renshen and Huangqi (Astragalus).
For persistent lower back pain after childbirth, add Danggui, Guanzi Gui.
For persistent cold cough, add Ganjiang, Wuweizi (Schisandra), and Xingren.
For spleen cold, add Liangjiang (Galangal), Qingpi, and Caoguo.
For beriberi, add Muxiang, Mugua, Niuxi (Achyranthes), Zijin Pi, Zhuyu, and Chuanlianzi (Evodia Fruit).
For wind-cold-fever with headache, add Buhuanjin Zhengqi San (Name-Unchanging Upright Qi Powder).
For Cold Damage with headache, high fever, aversion to cold, body pain, and immobility, add Shengliao Wuji San (Raw Material Five Accumulations Powder).
For inability to eat, urge to vomit but unable, add Dingxiang and Luobozi (Radish Seed).
For Cold Damage with headache, fever, body pain, distinguishing Yin/Yang, add Baidu Shigao (Disaster-Expelling Gypsum).
For postpartum wind causing hand/foot pain, use Shengliao Wuji San + Renshen Baidu San + Mugua; Buhuanjin Zhengqi San + Shengdihuang + Chuanxiong decocted together.
Shishen Tang (Ten-God Decoction) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats fever from seasonal irregularities, epidemic wandering, cold damage, or impending rash. Suitable for both Yin and Lianggan Cold Damage and wind-cold.
Chuanxiong, Gancao, Mahuang (roots/nodes removed), Gegen, Zisu, Shengma (Cimicifuga), Chishao (Red Peony), Baizhi, Chenpi, Xiangfu (equal parts). Chop and decoct. Take 5 qian per dose with ginger and scallion. For severe headache, add 3 scallion whites. For fullness and excess Qi, add Zhike. Take hot.
Wu Kun's Commentary: This decoction uses Shengma and Gegen to release and disperse Yangming meridian epidemic Qi. It is not a primary formula for standard Cold Damage. Using it for Taiyang Cold Damage with fever may transmit the pathogen to Yangming, causing macules/rash. Use with caution.
Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Upright Qi Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats Cold Damage headache, aversion to cold with high fever, or dampness-induced cholera with vomiting/diarrhea. Regular use removes mountain miasma. For summerheat vomiting/diarrhea and leg cramps, add Xiangru (Agastache rugosa), Bian Dou (Lablab Bean), and Huanglian (Coptis), named Huoxu Tang (Agastache and Perilla Decoction).
Dafupi, Baizhi, Fuling (peeled), Zisu Jingye (Perilla Stem and Leaf), Huoxiang (each 3 liang), Houpo (coarse bark removed, ginger-prepared), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala), Chenpi (white part removed), Kugeng (Platycodon), Banxiaqu (Pinellia Fermented with Bran) (each 2 liang), Zhigancao (1 liang). Chop and decoct. Take 3 qian per dose with 3 slices of ginger and 1 jujube, take hot.
Wu Kun's Commentary: This formula was created in the Song Dynasty to treat internal dietary injury and external cold contraction, causing aversion to cold, stiffness, headache, vomiting, chest fullness, and conditions like food stagnation, cold injury, dampness, summerheat, cholera, mountain miasma, maladaptation to local environment, alternating chills/malaria. It is not a primary formula for standard Cold Damage. If the disease is in the Taiyang meridian with headache, fever, and bone/joint pain, this formula is irrelevant. Misuse first depletes healthy Qi, reverses Qi flow in meridians, and although sweating may occur, it does not resolve the condition, often leading to complex complications. Contraindicated in Cold Damage with sinking pulse, deficient Yuan Qi, and Yin-clasping Cold Damage with fever. Strictly avoid.
Dabai Zhu Tang (Great Atractylodes Decoction) [from *Baoming Ji*]: Harmonizes Cold Damage in four seasons, resolves all six meridians without violating taboos.
Baizhu, Shigao (Gypsum) (each 2 liang), Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Chuanxiong (each 1 liang), Gancao (5 qian or 1 liang), Huangqin, Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, pulp removed, each 5 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhena) (7 qian), Baizhi (1.5 liang), Xixin (3 qian). Grind into coarse powder. Take 0.5 liang per dose with 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 1 cup, take very warm. If unresolved, take another dose; boil the residue of two doses again for one more dose.
Seasonal adjustments: Spring double Fangfeng and Qianghuo; Summer double Huangqin and Zhimu; Late Summer with excessive rain double Baizhu and Baizhi; Autumn add Guizhi 5 qian; Winter add Guizhi 8 qian or 1 liang.
The above formulas are designed for those with sufficient Yuan Qi. Xiongsu/Xiangsu San suits external excess/internal deficit; Hejie San/Yangwei Tang suits external deficit/internal excess; Wuji San suits cold excess (also suitable for winter); Dabai Zhu Tang suits heat excess (also suitable for spring/summer); Baidu San suits dampness complication; Shensu Yin suits phlegm complication; Shishen Zhengqi aligns with Wu's advice. Generally, these are for complex exterior-interior syndromes resembling but not being standard Cold Damage. If pulse/symptoms match Mahuang/Guizhi, follow Zhang Zhongjing's methods. For those with inherent deficiency or chronic heat unsuitable for Mahuang/Guizhi, follow Jiegu and Haicang's methods of gradual reduction to avoid error. Human life is precious and irreversible; physicians must examine carefully.
Imperial Physician Dai (Yuanli) Method for Wind-Cold/Cold Damage: At onset, use Hejie San, Xiongzhi Xiangsu San, or Yangwei Tang + Cao/Gexuan 0.5 qian each, take hot with warm covering. If confirmed wind-cold with spontaneous sweating/aversion to wind, use Guizhi Tang hot with warm covering. For wheezing add Xingren 1 qian; for cough add Wuweizi 1 qian; for thirst add Renshen 0.5 qian. For unrelieved external heat, use Baidu San; for heat with sweating, use Baidu San + Guizhi 0.5 qian or Yangdan Tang. For vomiting, do not use Guizhi Tang; combine with base formula + Banxia 1 qian + ginger decoction. This is not combined syndrome vomiting but miscellaneous disease vomiting, so it is usable. Wind-cold requires sweating, but for deficient patients unsuitable for harsh sweating, use Guizhi Tang + Huangqi 0.5 qian. If confirmed Cold Damage with aversion to cold/no sweating, use Wuji San with thick blankets to induce sweating. For wheezing/cough, use Xingzi Tang + Mahuang 0.5 qian. If sweating is desired but fails, repeat dose. If fever persists after sweating, use Shensu San or Baidu San + Guizhi 0.5 qian. For vomiting, use Yangwei Tang (not for combined syndrome vomiting). If wind-cold both injure, or aversion to wind/cold without sweating is ambiguous, use half Wuji San + half Baidu San, named Jiaojia San (Intersecting Powder). For wheezing/cough, use Xiao Qinglong Tang.
If initial Taiyang symptoms present with only cold not yet turning to heat, becoming hot after 1-2 days, this is Cold Injury. Wind-Injury presents with heat immediately. For cold not yet hot, use Wuji San to sweat.
If exterior-releasing drugs were taken, aversion to wind/cold resolved, no interior agitation/thirst/red urine/normal stool, but body heat remains, use Xiangsu San, Baidu San, or Xiaochaihu Tang + Guizhi 0.5 qian.
If exterior symptoms resolved after releasing drugs, no interior symptoms, but body pain persists, suspect excessive sweating causing Ying-Wei disharmony; use Xiaojianzhong Tang with medium-concentration Guizhi.
Hejian Liu's Method:
Cold Damage Excess Exterior (no sweating, headache, stiff neck/back, fever, aversion to cold, shoulder/back stiffness, cold fingertips, floating-tight-rough pulse): Use Qingjie San + Tianshui San to sweat.
Wind-Injury Deficient Exterior (spontaneous sweating, stiff neck/head, limb pain, nasal roaring, dry retching, aversion to wind, warm hands/feet, floating-slow pulse): Use Tongjie San or Tianshui San to resolve.
If deficient or excess exterior but with dry mouth/thirst/irritability: Use Shuangjie San to sweat.
After sweating, if residual heat remains: Use Liange San to clear.
If disease deepens/shallows but exterior signs persist with sunken-numerous pulse: First use Tianshui Lianqiao Yin to clear. Wait for floating pulse and reduced interior heat, then use Shuangjie San to sweat.
After Cold Damage exterior resolution, if floating pulse, difficult urination, slight fever, dry mouth: Use Wuling San to separate fluids.
More exterior than interior heat: Yi Yuan San (1 part) + Liange San (0.5 part) to harmonize.
More interior than exterior heat: Liange San (1 part) + Yi Yuan San (0.5 part) to regulate.
Both exterior and interior heat, headache, dry mouth, continuous sweating: Baihu Tang to treat.
Half exterior/half interior, alternating chills/fever, bitter taste, dry tongue, deafness, dry retching, chest/hypochondriac fullness/pain: Xiaochaihu Tang to harmonize.
Diaphragm heat with persistent vomiting: Banxia Jupi Tang to treat.
Unquenchable thirst leading to damp-heat, diarrhea, red/scanty urine, abdominal fullness/pain, headache, dry mouth: Guiling Ganlu Yin as principal.
Damp-heat remaining internally causing frequent dysentery with lower abdominal pain: Huanglian Jiedu Tang to treat.
Deepening Cold Damage with extreme interior/exterior heat, epigastric urgency/restlessness, or fever/unresolved sweating, epigastric hardness, vomiting/diarrhea, or Yangming hyperhidrosis, or Taiyin abdominal fullness/pain, or Shaoyin clear-water diarrhea with epigastric pain/dry mouth, or no exterior/interior signs but fever for 7-8 days with floating-numerous pulse: Use Da Chaihu Tang to mildly purge to clear both exterior and interior heat; adding Xiao Chengqi Tang is even better.
Deepening Cold Damage with extreme interior heat, afternoon tidal fever, delirium, mania, abdominal fullness/pain: Da Chengqi Tang is indicated; San Yi Chengqi Tang is even better.
Dai's formulas tend to be hot; Liu's tend to be cold. Suitability depends on era, geography, constitution, and pathogen. Physicians must examine carefully. Liu's formulas were not listed previously; now included.
Tongsheng San (Universal Salvation Powder) [from *Qingji*]: Treats wind-heat stagnation, aversion to cold/fever, tendon spasms, limb wasting, dizziness, tinnitus, nasal congestion, bitter taste, dry tongue, throat obstruction, sticky sputum, cough with upward Qi, dry intestines/bowels, bloody stool/stasis, sores/swelling, persistent malaria, postpartum blood stasis abdominal pain, pediatric convulsion/accumulated heat, fall injuries, or Cold/Wind Damage.
Fangfeng, Mangxiao (Mirabilite), Lianqiao, Chuanxiong, Mahuang, Bohe, Baishaoyao, Danggui, Dahuang (each 5 qian), Huangqin, Jiegeng, Shigao (each 1 liang), Gancao (2 liang), Jingjie, Shanzhi (Gardenia), Baizhu (each 1 qian), Huashi (Talcum) (3 liang). Chop and decoct. Take 1-2 liang per dose with 1 cup water and 3 ginger slices, reduce to 70%, strain, take warm at any time. For dispersing wind-cold, add 3 scallion whites. For phlegm-cough, add a little Banxia per dose.
Liange San (Cooling Diaphragm Powder) [from *Qingji*]: Treats heart fire excess, diaphragm heat, red eyes, dizziness, mouth ulcers, cracked lips, epistaxis, hematemesis, cough with sputum, stranguria, urinary/fecal obstruction. Or Cold Damage half-exterior/half-interior, stomach heat causing macules, Yin depletion/Yang exhaustion (to nourish Yin/restrain Yang). Or residual heat after sweating/purging, pediatric pustule inversion.
Lianqiao (1 liang), Gancao, Shanzhi, Huangqin, Dahuang, Bohe (each 5 qian), Puxiao (Mirabilite) (2.5 qian). Chop and decoct. Take 1 liang per dose with 1 cup water and 30 bamboo leaves, reduce to 70%, strain, add a little raw honey, take warm after meals. Add Huanglian 5 qian, named Qingxin Tang (Clear Heart Decoction).
Tianshui San (Heaven-Water Powder) [from *Danji*]: Treats Cold Damage with both exterior/interior heat, irritability, dry mouth, urinary obstruction, and cholera vomiting/diarrhea/dysentery. Primarily treats kidney stones and facilitates labor/lactation in women, a miraculous divine medicine.
Guifu Huashi (Smooth Talcum, fine white, 6 liang), Fengancao (Licorice) (1.5 liang). Grind to ultra-fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose mixed with boiled water or fresh well water. Add a little Bohe powder, named Jisu San (Chicken-Su Powder); add a little Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) powder, named Biyu San (Jade-Blue Powder). Treatments are the same, merely avoiding vulgar disdain.
San Yi Chengqi Tang (Three-One Bowel-Purging Decoction): Combines indications for Da Chengqi Tang (abdominal fullness/pain), Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (delirium/diarrhea), and Xiao Chengqi Tang (internal heat/constipation), along with San Yi Chengqi indications. And