太阳病。发热恶寒。热多寒少。脉微弱者。此无阳也。不可发汗。宜桂枝二越婢一汤。
无阳与亡阳不同。亡阳者。阳外亡而不守也。其根在肾。无阳者阳内竭而不用也。其源在胃。
发热恶寒。热多寒少。病须得汗而解。而脉微弱。则阳无气矣。阳者。津液之根。犹水之气也。无
气则水不至。无阳则津不化。而汗之源绝矣。虽发之。其可得乎。故用桂枝二分。生化阴阳。越婢
一分。发散邪气。设得小汗。其邪必解。乃伤寒发汗之变法也。
桂枝二越婢一汤方（论见后）
桂枝（去皮） 芍药 甘草（炙） 麻黄（去节各十八铢） 生姜（一两三钱切） 大枣（四枚擘） 石膏（二十
四铢碎绵裹）
上七味。 咀。以水五升。煮麻黄一二沸。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取二升。去滓。温服一升。
太阳病。得之八九日。如疟状。发热恶寒。热多寒少。其人不呕清便欲自可。一日二三度发。
脉微缓者。为欲愈也。脉微而恶寒者。此阴阳俱虚。不可更发汗更下更吐也。面色反有热色者。
未欲解也。以其不能得小汗出。身必痒。宜桂枝麻黄各半汤。
病在太阳。至八九日之久。而不传他经。其表邪本微可知。不呕清便欲自可。则里未受邪可
知。病如疟状。非真是疟。亦非传少阳也。乃正气内胜。数与邪争故也。至热多寒少。一日二三度
发。则邪气不胜而将退舍矣。更审其脉而参验之。若得微缓。则欲愈之象也。若脉微而恶寒者。此
阴阳俱虚。当与温养。如新加汤之例。而发汗吐下。均在所禁矣。若面色反有热色者。邪气欲从表
出。而不得小汗。则邪无从出。如面色缘缘正赤。阳气怫郁在表。当解之熏之之类也。身痒者。邪
盛而攻走经筋则痛。邪微而游行皮肤则痒也。夫既不得汗出。则非桂枝所能解。而邪气又微。亦非
麻黄所可发。故合两方为一方。变大制为小制。桂枝所以为汗液之地。麻黄所以为发散之用。且不使
药过病。以伤其正也。
桂枝麻黄各半汤方
桂枝（去皮） 麻黄（去节） 甘草（炙） 芍药 生姜（各一两）
大枣（四枚） 杏仁（二十四个汤浸去皮）
上七味。以水五升。先煮麻黄一二沸。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取一升八合。去滓。温服六合。
合论桂枝麻黄各半汤桂枝二麻黄一汤桂枝二越婢一汤三方
按桂枝麻黄各半汤桂枝二麻黄一汤桂枝二越婢一汤三方并两方合用。乃古之所谓复方也。细审
其制。桂枝麻黄各半汤。助正之力。侔于散邪。桂枝二麻黄一汤。则助正之力多。而散邪之力少
。于法为较和矣。其桂枝二越婢一汤。本无热证而加石膏者。以其人无阳。津液不足。不胜桂枝之任
。故加甘寒于内。少变辛温之性。且滋津液之用。而其方制之小。示微发于不发之中。则三方如一方
也。故桂枝汤不特发散邪气。亦能补助正气。以其方甘酸辛合用。具生阳化阴之妙。与麻黄合剂。
则能尽麻黄之力。而并去其悍。与石膏同用。则能资石膏之益。而不挠乎权。是虽麻、石并行。而
实以桂枝为主。盖非滋养营卫。则无以为发汗散邪之地耳。凡正气不足。邪气亦微。而仍须得汗而
解者。宜于此三方取则焉。后人不能尽桂枝之用。而求之人参、归、地之属。立意则同。而用药悬
殊矣。
太阳病。发热恶寒。热多寒少。脉微弱者。此无阳也。不可发汗。宜桂枝二越婢一汤。
太阳病（太阳经受邪所致的病证），出现发热、恶寒的症状，且发热的时间多于恶寒的时间。如果脉搏微弱，这属于“无阳”（阳气内竭而不能发挥作用）的状态，不可以使用发汗法治疗。适宜选用桂枝二越婢一汤。
无阳与亡阳不同。亡阳者。阳外亡而不守也。其根在肾。无阳者阳内竭而不用也。其源在胃。
“无阳”与“亡阳”（阳气极度衰竭并外脱）是不同的概念。“亡阳”是指阳气向外耗散而不能固守，其根本在于肾；“无阳”是指阳气在内枯竭而不能发挥作用，其源头在于胃。
发热恶寒。热多寒少。病须得汗而解。而脉微弱。则阳无气矣。阳者。津液之根。犹水之气也。无
气则水不至。无阳则津不化。而汗之源绝矣。虽发之。其可得乎。故用桂枝二分。生化阴阳。越婢
一分。发散邪气。设得小汗。其邪必解。乃伤寒发汗之变法也。
发热恶寒，热多寒少，疾病需要通过出汗来解除。但是脉搏微弱，说明阳气没有动力了。阳气是津液生成的根本，就像水的蒸汽一样。如果没有气，水就无法到达；如果没有阳气，津液就无法气化，那么汗液的来源就断绝了。即使强行发汗，怎么可能有效呢？所以方中用两份桂枝（Cinnamon Twig），以生化阴阳；一份越婢汤（Yebipi Decoction），以发散邪气。假如能出一点微汗，邪气必然解除，这是治疗伤寒发汗的一种变通方法。
桂枝二越婢一汤方（论见后）
桂枝（去皮） 芍药 甘草（炙） 麻黄（去节各十八铢） 生姜（一两三钱切） 大枣（四枚擘） 石膏（二十
四铢碎绵裹）
桂枝二越婢一汤处方（论述见后）：
桂枝（去皮）、芍药、甘草（蜜炙）、麻黄（去节，各十八铢）、生姜（一两三钱，切片）、大枣（四枚，掰开）、石膏（二十四铢，捣碎，用细布包裹）。
上七味。 咀。以水五升。煮麻黄一二沸。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取二升。去滓。温服一升。
以上七味药，切碎。用水五升，先煮麻黄一至两沸，去掉上面的浮沫，然后加入其他药物，煮取二升药液，滤去药渣，温服一升。
太阳病。得之八九日。如疟状。发热恶寒。热多寒少。其人不呕清便欲自可。一日二三度发。
脉微缓者。为欲愈也。脉微而恶寒者。此阴阳俱虚。不可更发汗更下更吐也。面色反有热色者。
未欲解也。以其不能得小汗出。身必痒。宜桂枝麻黄各半汤。
太阳病，患病已经八九天，症状像疟疾一样，发热恶寒，发热多而恶寒少。病人没有呕吐，大小便基本正常，一天发作两三次。如果脉搏微带缓和，这是快要痊愈的迹象。如果脉搏微弱且恶寒，这是阴阳都虚弱，不可以再使用发汗、攻下或催吐的方法。如果面色反而发红，说明病还没有解除，因为不能出微汗，身体一定会发痒。适宜选用桂枝麻黄各半汤。
病在太阳。至八九日之久。而不传他经。其表邪本微可知。不呕清便欲自可。则里未受邪可
知。病如疟状。非真是疟。亦非传少阳也。乃正气内胜。数与邪争故也。至热多寒少。一日二三度
发。则邪气不胜而将退舍矣。更审其脉而参验之。若得微缓。则欲愈之象也。若脉微而恶寒者。此
阴阳俱虚。当与温养。如新加汤之例。而发汗吐下。均在所禁矣。若面色反有热色者。邪气欲从表
出。而不得小汗。则邪无从出。如面色缘缘正赤。阳气怫郁在表。当解之熏之之类也。身痒者。邪
盛而攻走经筋则痛。邪微而游行皮肤则痒也。夫既不得汗出。则非桂枝所能解。而邪气又微。亦非
麻黄所可发。故合两方为一方。变大制为小制。桂枝所以为汗液之地。麻黄所以为发散之用。且不使
药过病。以伤其正也。
病邪在太阳经，经过八九天，而没有传到其他经络，说明表邪本来就很轻微。没有呕吐，大小便基本正常，说明里部没有受到邪气侵袭。病情像疟疾，并不是真正的疟疾，也不是传入少阳经（Shaoyang Channel），而是正气内部占优势，多次与邪气抗争所致。到了热多寒少，一天发作两三次，说明邪气不胜任而将要退却。再仔细诊察脉搏来验证，如果脉搏微缓，就是欲愈的征象。如果脉搏微弱且恶寒，这是阴阳俱虚，应当给予温补滋养，参考新加汤（Xinji Decoction）的用法，而发汗、催吐、攻下都在禁忌之列。如果面色反而发红，是邪气想要从体表排出，但不能出微汗，邪气就没有出路。这就好比面色持续通红，阳气怫郁在体表，应当用解表熏蒸等方法。身体发痒，是因为邪气盛时攻击经筋就会疼痛，邪气微弱时在皮肤间游走就会发痒。既然不能出汗，单用桂枝汤不能解决，而邪气又很轻微，也不适合用麻黄汤强力发汗。所以将两个方子合并为一个方子，将大剂量改为小剂量。桂枝汤的作用是为汗液生成提供基础，麻黄的作用是发散邪气。并且不让药力超过病情，以免损伤正气。
桂枝麻黄各半汤方
桂枝（去皮） 麻黄（去节） 甘草（炙） 芍药 生姜（各一两）
大枣（四枚） 杏仁（二十四个汤浸去皮）
桂枝麻黄各半汤处方：
桂枝（去皮）、麻黄（去节）、甘草（蜜炙）、芍药、生姜（各一两）、大枣（四枚）、杏仁（二十四个，热水浸泡后去皮）。
上七味。以水五升。先煮麻黄一二沸。去上沫。纳诸药。煮取一升八合。去滓。温服六合。
以上七味药，用水五升，先煮麻黄一至两沸，去掉上面的浮沫，加入其他药物，煮取一升八合药液，滤去药渣，温服六合。
合论桂枝麻黄各半汤桂枝二麻黄一汤桂枝二越婢一汤三方
按桂枝麻黄各半汤桂枝二麻黄一汤桂枝二越婢一汤三方并两方合用。乃古之所谓复方也。细审
其制。桂枝麻黄各半汤。助正之力。侔于散邪。桂枝二麻黄一汤。则助正之力多。而散邪之力少
。于法为较和矣。其桂枝二越婢一汤。本无热证而加石膏者。以其人无阳。津液不足。不胜桂枝之任
。故加甘寒于内。少变辛温之性。且滋津液之用。而其方制之小。示微发于不发之中。则三方如一方
也。故桂枝汤不特发散邪气。亦能补助正气。以其方甘酸辛合用。具生阳化阴之妙。与麻黄合剂。
则能尽麻黄之力。而并去其悍。与石膏同用。则能资石膏之益。而不挠乎权。是虽麻、石并行。而
实以桂枝为主。盖非滋养营卫。则无以为发汗散邪之地耳。凡正气不足。邪气亦微。而仍须得汗而
解者。宜于此三方取则焉。后人不能尽桂枝之用。而求之人参、归、地之属。立意则同。而用药悬
殊矣。
综合论述桂枝麻黄各半汤、桂枝二麻黄一汤、桂枝二越婢一汤三个方子：
考察桂枝麻黄各半汤、桂枝二麻黄一汤、桂枝二越婢一汤这三个方子，都是将两个方子合并使用，这就是古人所说的“复方”（Compound Formula）。仔细审视它们的配伍，桂枝麻黄各半汤，扶助正气的力量与驱散邪气的力量相当；桂枝二麻黄一汤，则扶助正气的力量较多，而驱散邪气的力量较少，在治法上更为平和。至于桂枝二越婢一汤，原本没有明显的热证却加入石膏，是因为病人“无阳”，津液不足，承受不了桂枝汤的药力。所以在方中加入甘寒的石膏，稍微改变辛温的性质，起到滋润津液的作用。而且这个方子的剂量很小，显示出在不出汗与发汗之间的微妙平衡，这样看来，这三个方子其实是一个整体。所以桂枝汤不仅发散邪气，也能补助正气，因为它的方剂由甘、酸、辛味药组合而成，具有生化阴阳的奇妙作用。与麻黄合用，就能发挥麻黄的效力，同时去除其猛烈之性；与石膏同用，就能借助石膏的功效，而不违背权衡之道。虽然麻黄、石膏并用，但实际上以桂枝为主。大概如果不是滋养营卫（Nutritive and Defensive Qi），就没有发汗散邪的基础。凡是正气不足，邪气也轻微，但仍然需要出汗才能解除的病证，适宜参照这三个方子来制定治疗方案。后世医家不能完全发挥桂枝汤的作用，而去寻求人参（Ginseng Radix）、当归（Angelicae Sinensis Radix）、地黄（Rehmanniae Radix）等药材，立意虽然相同，但用药却截然不同。
Taiyang disease (disease caused by pathogenic factors invading the Taiyang channel) presents with fever and aversion to cold, where the heat is more pronounced than the cold. If the pulse is faint and weak, this indicates "Wu Yang" (internal exhaustion of Yang Qi leading to its inability to function), and sweating therapy should not be employed. Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang (Two Parts Cinnamon Twig and One Part Yebipi Decoction) is appropriate.
"Wu Yang" differs from "Wang Yang" (extreme depletion and collapse of Yang Qi). Wang Yang refers to Yang Qi escaping outward and failing to consolidate, with its root in the Kidney. Wu Yang refers to Yang Qi being exhausted internally and unable to function, originating from the Stomach.
Fever and aversion to cold, with heat predominating over cold, require resolution through sweating. However, a faint pulse indicates that Yang Qi lacks motive force. Yang Qi is the root of Body Fluids, analogous to the vapor of water. Without Qi, water cannot reach; without Yang Qi, Body Fluids cannot transform, thus cutting off the source of sweat. Even if one attempts to induce sweating, how could it succeed? Therefore, two parts of Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) are used to generate and transform Yin and Yang, and one part of Yuebi Tang (Yebipi Decoction) is used to disperse pathogenic factors. If slight sweating occurs, the pathogens will surely resolve. This represents a modified approach to inducing sweating in Shanghan (Cold Damage).
Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang Prescription (Discussion follows):
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, peeled), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed, each 18 zhu), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 1 liang 3 qian, sliced), Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces, split), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 24 zhu, crushed, wrapped in fine cloth).
The above seven ingredients are coarsely crushed. Add five sheng of water, boil Mahuang for one or two boils, remove the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until two sheng remain, strain, and take one sheng warm.
Taiyang disease persisting for eight or nine days, resembling malaria, with fever and aversion to cold, heat predominating over cold. The patient does not vomit, and bowel movements and urination are relatively normal. The symptoms occur two or three times a day. If the pulse is slightly slow and moderate, recovery is imminent. If the pulse is faint accompanied by aversion to cold, this indicates deficiency of both Yin and Yang; further sweating, purging, or vomiting therapies are contraindicated. If the face appears flushed with heat, the disease has not yet resolved because slight sweating cannot be achieved, likely resulting in pruritus. Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang (Equal Parts Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra Decoction) is appropriate.
When the pathogen remains in the Taiyang channel for eight or nine days without transmitting to other channels, the exterior pathogen is known to be mild. The absence of vomiting and normal excretion indicate that the interior is unaffected. The malaria-like presentation is not true malaria nor transmission to the Shaoyang channel, but rather the result of healthy Qi gaining internal superiority and frequently contesting the pathogen. As heat predominates over cold and episodes occur twice or thrice daily, the pathogen is weakening and retreating. Further examination of the pulse confirms this: a slightly moderate pulse indicates impending recovery. A faint pulse with aversion to cold indicates dual deficiency of Yin and Yang, requiring warming and nourishment, similar to Xinjia Tang (Newly Added Decoction), while sweating, vomiting, and purging are strictly prohibited. A flushed face suggests the pathogen desires to exit via the exterior but cannot achieve slight sweating, leaving no outlet for the pathogen. This resembles cases where the face is continuously red due to Yang Qi stagnation at the exterior, requiring resolving and fumigation methods. Pruritus occurs because strong pathogens attacking meridians cause pain, while weak pathogens wandering in the skin cause itching. Since sweating cannot be achieved, Guizhi Tang alone is insufficient; since the pathogen is mild, Mahuang Tang is too harsh. Thus, these two formulas are combined into one, reducing the dosage. Guizhi provides the basis for sweat generation, while Mahuang facilitates dispersion. This prevents excessive medication from damaging healthy Qi.
Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang Prescription:
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, peeled), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, each 1 liang), Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, 4 pieces), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 24 pieces, soaked in hot water, peeled).
The above seven ingredients are added to five sheng of water. First, boil Mahuang for one or two boils, remove the foam, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until one sheng and eight he remain, strain, and take six he warm.
Comprehensive Discussion on Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang, Guizhi Er Mahuang Yi Tang, and Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang:
These three formulas—Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang, Guizhi Er Mahuang Yi Tang, and Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang—are all compound formulas (Compound Formulas) combining two existing prescriptions. Examining their composition: Guizhi Mahuang Ge Ban Tang balances the power of supporting healthy Qi with dispersing pathogens. Guizhi Er Mahuang Yi Tang places greater emphasis on supporting healthy Qi and less on dispersing pathogens, making it milder. Guizhi Er Yuebi Yi Tang adds Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) despite the lack of obvious heat signs, because the patient's "Wu Yang" condition implies insufficient Body Fluids that cannot tolerate the potency of Guizhi Tang. The addition of sweet-cold Shigao moderates the acrid-warm nature and nourishes Body Fluids. The small dosage demonstrates a subtle balance between inducing and not inducing sweating. Thus, these three formulas function as a unified system. Guizhi Tang not only disperses pathogens but also supports healthy Qi due to its combination of sweet, sour, and acrid flavors, which facilitate the generation of Yang and transformation of Yin. Combined with Mahuang, it utilizes Mahuang's efficacy while mitigating its harshness; combined with Shigao, it enhances Shigao's benefits without compromising therapeutic balance. Although Mahuang and Shigao are used together, Guizhi remains the primary agent. Without nourishing Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi), there would be no foundation for inducing sweating to expel pathogens. For conditions where healthy Qi is deficient, pathogens are mild, yet resolution requires sweating, these three formulas serve as the standard reference. Later practitioners failed to fully utilize Guizhi Tang, instead seeking alternatives like Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix). While the intent was similar, the pharmacological approach differed significantly.