栀子冬不陨叶，五月感一阴之气，生花六出，洁白芬香，得金水之气也。其实结于枝梢，圆小赤色，味
苦性寒，乃阴中之阳，肾之心品也，故炒黑而成离中之虚，导心火以下交于肾。元如曰∶六者，阴之终也，花
多五瓣，如雪花、栀子花、玄精石，皆感阴气生成。
枇杷四季长青，叶上多毛。凡草木之生毛者，皆主治肺；多刺者，花开于秋者，皆得坚金之气，而能
制风。枇杷初秋结蕊，深秋放花，夏时果熟，又得冬令之气，能引寒水以上滋，利肺气以下降，故主治咳
嗽卒 ，并下气消痰。
款冬花气味辛温，生于关中，及雍州山谷溪水
间，冬时发条，结蕊于冰雪中，故名款冬。（西北气寒，冰雪至夏不消，款冬辛温，可为大热者矣。）土人谓之
看灯花，又曰敲冰取款冬，谓在正月前半月采之，如过元宵灯节，花即大放矣，此阴中之阳升也。如形寒饮冷，
肺气虚寒作喘者宜之，若阴火上炎，肺叶焦满，恐益消烁毁伤矣。
泽泻，水草也。凡水草，石草，皆属肾，其性主升。盖天气下降，地水之气上升，自然之理也。凡物之本乎
上者性升，本乎下者性降。泽泻形圆，无下行之性矣。春时丛生苗于水中，独茎直上，秋时白花作丛，肾之肺品
也。《易》曰∶山泽通气，能行在下之水。随泽气而上升，复使在上之水，随气通调而下泻，故名曰泽泻。元如
曰∶如何首乌形圆茎蔓，其性惟升；牛膝形细而长，其性惟下，故主治在下。诸品可类推之。
栀子冬天不落叶，五月时感应到一阴之气，开出六瓣花，花色洁白且芬芳，这是得到了金和水的精气。它的果实结在枝梢，形状圆小、颜色赤红，味道苦、性质寒凉，属于阴中的阳，是肾与心之间的媒介（肾之心品）。因此，经过炒黑处理后，它变成了“离”卦中的虚爻（象征心火），能够引导心火向下与肾相交。元代医家元如说：六代表阴的终结，花朵多为五瓣，像雪花、栀子花、玄精石一样，都是感应阴气而生成的。
枇杷四季常青，叶片上有很多绒毛。凡是草木长有绒毛的，都主治肺病；多刺且秋天开花的，都获得了坚金的精气，因而能够制约风邪。枇杷在初秋形成花蕾，深秋开花，夏季果实成熟，又获得了冬季令气的特性，能够引导寒水之气向上滋润，使肺气下行下降，所以主治突然发作的咳嗽，并能降气消痰。
款冬花气味辛温，生长在关中及雍州的山谷溪水之间，冬天发芽，在冰雪中结成花蕾，所以名叫款冬。（西北地区气候寒冷，冰雪直到夏天都不融化，款冬花性味辛温，可以算是大热之物了。）当地人叫它“看灯花”，又叫“敲冰取款冬”，意思是说在正月前半个月采摘，如果过了元宵灯节，花就会大量开放了，这体现了阴中之阳上升的特性。如果是形寒饮冷导致肺气虚寒而作喘的患者适宜使用；如果是阴火上炎、肺叶焦满的情况，恐怕会进一步消耗损伤正气。
泽泻是一种水草。凡是水草、石草，都属于肾经，其药性主要主升。这是因为天气下降，地下的水气上升，这是自然的道理。凡是根本在上的物体药性主升，根本在下的物体药性主降。泽泻形状圆润，没有下行的药性。春天时它在水中丛生幼苗，独茎直立向上生长，秋天时白花成丛，它是肾与肺之间的媒介（肾之肺品）。《易经》说：“山泽通气”，它能运行下部的水湿。随着沼泽之气上升，又使上部的水湿随气机通调而下泻，所以名字叫泽泻。元代医家元如说：如何首乌形状圆、茎蔓生，其药性只升；牛膝形状细而长，其药性只降，所以主治下部的疾病。其他药物可以依此类推。
Gardenia jasminoides (Zhizi) does not shed its leaves in winter. In the fifth month, it is influenced by the Qi of a single Yin, producing flowers with six petals that are white, pure, and fragrant; this indicates it has obtained the Qi of Metal and Water. Its fruits form at the branch tips, are small, round, and reddish, with a bitter taste and cold nature. It belongs to Yang within Yin and serves as an intermediary between the Kidney and the Heart. Therefore, when stir-fried until blackened, it transforms into the empty line of the Li trigram (Fire), guiding Heart Fire downward to interact with the Kidney. Yuan Ru stated: "Six represents the end of Yin." Flowers often have five petals; like snowflakes, gardenia flowers, and Xuanjing Stone, they are all generated by their affinity with Yin Qi.
Loquat (Pipaz) remains evergreen throughout the four seasons, with hairy leaves. Generally, plants with hairs treat Lung disorders; those with thorns and autumn blooms obtain the Qi of firm Metal and can restrain Wind. Loquat forms buds in early autumn, blooms in late autumn, and ripens in summer, yet also acquires the Qi of winter. It can guide Cold Water Qi upward to moisten and cause Lung Qi to descend. Thus, it treats sudden coughs and directs Qi downward to resolve phlegm.
Adonis Flower (Kuandonghua) has a pungent and warm flavor. It grows in the valleys and streams of Guanzhong and Yongzhou regions. It sprouts in winter and forms buds amidst ice and snow, hence the name Kuandong (Knocking for Winter). (The climate in the northwest is cold, with ice and snow persisting until summer; Kuandonghua's pungent-warm nature makes it quite hot.) Locals call it "Lantern-Viewing Flower" or "Knocking Ice for Kuandong," meaning it is harvested in the first half of the first lunar month; if picked after the Lantern Festival, the flowers will bloom profusely. This illustrates the ascent of Yang within Yin. It is suitable for patients with cold limbs and cold drinks leading to deficiency-cold of the Lung Qi causing wheezing. However, in cases where ministerial fire flares upward and lung lobes become scorched and distended, its use may further consume and damage healthy Qi.
Alisma Rhizome (Zexie) is an aquatic plant. All aquatic and lithophytic herbs belong to the Kidney channel, and their nature primarily ascends. This follows the natural principle that Heaven's Qi descends while Earth's water vapor ascends. Generally, substances rooted high ascend, while those rooted low descend. Alisma is round in shape and lacks descending properties. In spring, it grows clusters of shoots in water with a single stem rising straight up; in autumn, it produces clusters of white flowers. It serves as an intermediary between the Kidney and the Lung. The *I Ching* states: "Mountain and Marsh communicate Qi." It can move water accumulating below. By ascending with the moisture Qi, it facilitates the downward drainage of excess water above through Qi regulation, hence the name Zexie (Marsh Descender). Yuan Ru stated: He Shou Wu is round with creeping stems, so its nature only ascends; Achyranthes Bidentata (Niuxi) is thin and long, so its nature only descends, thus treating diseases in the lower body. Other herbs can be inferred by analogy.