余昔访灵台间太史，见铜壶之漏水焉。太史召司水者曰∶此水已三环周，水滑
则漏迅，漏迅则刻差，当易新水。余划然而悟曰∶天下之水，用之灭火则同，濡槁则同
。至于性从地变，质与物迁，未尝罔焉。故蜀江濯锦则鲜，济源烹楮则HT 。南阳之潭渐
于菊，其人多寿；辽东之涧通于参，其人多发。晋之山产矾石，泉可愈痘；戎之麓伏硫磺，
汤可浴疠。扬子宜 ，淮菜宜醪。沧卤能盐，阿井能胶。澡垢以污，茂田以苦。瘿消于
藻带之波，痰破于半夏之洳。冰水咽而霍乱息，流水饮而癃闭通。雪水洗目而赤退，咸水濯肌而
疮干。菜之以为齑，铁之以为浆，曲之以为酒，柏之以为醋。千派万种，言不容尽。
至于井之水，一也，尚数名焉，况其他者乎？及酌而倾曰“倒流”，出 未放曰“
无根”；无时初出曰“新汲”，将旦首汲曰“井华”。夫一井之水，而功用不同，岂烹煮之
间，将行药势，独不择夫水哉？昔有患小溲闭者，众工不能瘥，予易之长川之急流，取前药
而沸之，一饮立溲
。元畴闻之曰∶精乎哉，论也！近读《灵枢经》，有半夏汤治不瞑，以流水千里外者八升，
扬之万遍，取其清五升，炊以苇薪火，正与此论合。乃知子和之与医，触一事一物，皆成治法。如
张长史草书妙天下，得之公孙剑器，用心亦劳矣。后之用水者，当以子和之言为制。余于是乎作水解。
我过去拜访灵台间的太史，看见铜壶中的漏水。太史召来管水的人说：“这水已经循环了三轮，水流滑利则漏得快，漏得快则时刻有误差，应当换上新水。”我突然领悟道：天下的水，用来灭火是一样的，滋润枯槁也是一样的。至于水的性质随地域而变化，质地随所接触的事物而迁移，没有不这样的。所以蜀地的江水洗涤锦缎则鲜艳，济源的泉水煮楮皮则（颜色/质地）改变。南阳的潭水浸润菊花，那里的人多长寿；辽东的山涧连通人参，那里的人头发好。晋地的山出产矾石，泉水可以治愈痘疮；戎地的山脚潜伏硫磺，热水可以洗浴麻风病。扬子江适宜酿酒，淮地蔬菜适宜做醪糟。沧州的卤水能制盐，阿井的水能熬胶。用污垢洗澡以去除污垢，用苦涩的水灌溉田地使庄稼茂盛。瘿瘤消散于海带藻类的波浪中，痰饮破除于半夏的汁液中。冰水咽下则霍乱停止，流动的水饮用则小便不通畅得以通畅。雪水洗眼则红赤消退，咸水沐浴肌肤则疮口干燥。菜做成碎末，铁制成浆液，酒曲酿成酒，柏树制成醋。千派万种，言语无法穷尽。至于井里的水，虽然来源相同，尚且有好几个名称，何况其他的水呢？等到舀起再倒回称为“倒流水”，流出未放出称为“无根水”；随时刚取出的称为“新汲水”，天将亮时第一次取出的称为“井华水”。同一口井的水，功用却不同，难道在烹煮之间，想要发挥药势，唯独不选择水吗？从前有个患小便闭塞的病人，众多医生不能治愈，我改用长川急流之水，取前面的药煮沸，喝一次立刻小便通利。元畴听说后说：“精妙啊，这个论述！”最近读《灵枢经》，其中有半夏汤治疗失眠，用千里之外的流水八升，扬动一万遍，取其清液五升，用芦苇作燃料烧火，正与这个论述相合。于是知道张子和对于医术，触及一事一物，都能成为治疗方法。就像张长史的草书妙绝天下，是从公孙大娘的剑舞中得到的，用心也很劳苦了。后来用水的人，应当以张子和的话作为准则。我因此作了《水解》这一章。
I once visited the Grand Historian in Lingtai and observed the water dripping from a bronze clepsydra (water clock). The Historian summoned the water keeper, saying, "This water has circulated three times; as the water becomes slippery, the leakage accelerates, causing timekeeping errors. It should be replaced with fresh water." I suddenly realized: Water from all over the world is the same when used to extinguish fire or to moisten withered things. However, its nature changes according to the land, and its quality shifts according to what it contacts. For instance, washing brocade in the rivers of Shu makes them bright; cooking paper mulberry bark in the waters of Jiyuan alters their properties. The pools in Nanyang are infused with chrysanthemum, and the people there enjoy longevity; the streams in Liaodong connect with ginseng roots, and the people there have good hair. Mountains in Jin produce alum stone, and the spring water can cure smallpox; at the foot of mountains in Rong, sulfur lies hidden, and the hot springs can treat leprosy. The Yangtze River is suitable for brewing wine, and vegetables from Huai are suitable for making fermented rice wine. Brine from Cangzhou can produce salt, and water from A Well can make gelatin. Washing dirt with dirt removes impurities; irrigating fields with bitter water promotes crop growth. Goiters dissipate in the waves of kelp and seaweed; phlegm is broken down by the juice of Pinellia ternata (Banxia). Swallowing ice water stops cholera; drinking flowing water unblocks urinary retention. Washing eyes with snow water reduces redness; bathing skin with saline water dries up sores. Vegetables are made into minced relishes; iron is forged into plowshares; yeast turns grain into wine; cypress trees are processed into vinegar. There are thousands of sources and varieties, too numerous to describe fully. Even well water, though from the same source, has many names. How much more so for other waters? When poured back, it is called "Reverse Flowing Water"; when emerging but not yet released, it is called "Rootless Water"; freshly drawn at any time is "New Drawn Water"; drawn first at dawn is "Well Flower Water". Water from a single well has different functions. Is it not essential to select water carefully when decocting medicines to enhance their therapeutic effects? Once, a patient suffered from urinary obstruction, which many physicians failed to cure. I substituted long-river rapid-flowing water, boiled the prescribed medicine in it, and after one drink, urination was immediately restored. Yuanchou remarked, "What a profound theory!" Recently, reading the *Ling Shu Jing* (Spiritual Pivot), I found that Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction) for insomnia uses eight liters of flowing water from a thousand li away, tossed ten thousand times, taking five liters of the clear liquid, and cooked with reed fire. This perfectly aligns with my discussion. Thus, I know that Hezi (Zhang Congzheng), in his medical practice, finds therapeutic methods in every matter and object. Just as Zhang Chaoshi's cursive script is unparalleled, derived from Gongsun Dama Niang's sword dance, requiring great mental effort. Those who use water in medicine thereafter should take Hezi's words as their standard. Therefore, I composed this chapter on Water Analysis.