一、孩童之护持
通常小儿一岁以后，渐能行动，并学言语，是为入于孩童之时期。此时小儿知识渐开，导之习于善则善，
导之习于恶则恶，浸假日久，习性养成，往往终其身有不能改者，譬如白布一匹，染黑即黑，染红即红，正
圣凡之起点，贤不肖之所自判也。故孩童之时期，务使耳沾目染，尽为家庭所可矜式者，切勿予以不良
之环境，而误其毕生之光荣。再如身体方面，亦须养成其健全之体格，弗使弯腰曲背，欹形偏颇，此皆父母
扶养应担之义务，亦国家保护儿童之责任，卫生当局与医生，同宜注重者也。兹将孩童之护持择要述之如后。
小儿行动言语过迟者，常由先天不足及营养缺乏所恐，宜及早调补，毋令迁延。
小儿腹部过凸过坚，皆为不健之象，宜调节其饮食，并预防虫患、食积、肠胃疾病之潜伏。
小儿宜使其有运动之兴趣，视其体部何者发达不足，即以运
动补救之（运动时间过长，及携过重之物，赛过急之跑剧烈运动，跳高跳远，均所不宜）。
小儿宜使其有早起早眠之习惯，若未满二岁以上者，则日间宜使睡眠一次，俾其精神有充分之休养。
小儿宜背暖腹暖，头凉手足凉，然脑后风府足下涌泉，亦忌睡卧当风，任意招寒。
小儿不可使其久视，久视必伤眼，小儿不可使其久立，久立必伤骨，小儿头部不可使其久曝阳光，久
曝必伤脑。举凡一切起居，宜订以合乎卫生之规则，使其遵循以成习惯。
小儿当盛暑之时，最宜与大人分睡，睡熟之时，切忌对之挥扇，免致侵袭风寒。
小儿当严寒之时，最宜为自然之暖，切忌熏火，免致燥火之疾。
小儿之立法、行法、坐法、睡法，均宜随时指导，随时矫
正，夜间蒙被而卧，尤为卫生之障碍，宜早防微而杜渐。
小儿言语之习练，务使其不高不低，不徐不疾，层次井然，有条不素，否则嗄音、口吃、嗫嚅、抗
声，俱由此而起，不可忽视也。
小儿之规矩礼貌，最宜时令习练，使养成良好之习惯，俾终身由之而不自觉。
二、孩童之饮食
若要小儿安，常带三分饥与寒，此虽古昔之俗谚，实合卫生之至理者也。略能耐寒，可使儿气血强盛，腠
理坚固，已见前述。至于略能耐饥，则使腹中空虚，无停积之患，增抵抗之力，
无形中可免不少疾病，其益亦匪浅鲜也。况饮食合宜，不但能防
疾病于未然，更可臻身体于强壮，孩童时期之健康，既常为一生福祉之起点，则于饮食方面岂可忽略以成孱
躯乎哉！
小儿二岁以上，每日四餐，禁绝零食，十岁以上，只可三餐，略佐点心，夜间更宜严格禁食，则疳积等
症，可以永绝。
小儿二岁以上，每餐毕后，可略进水果，以苹果、橘子、雅
梨等为宜，惟多食则易损脾致泻，浸假成臌胀、黄胆等疾。
小儿对于食物，常有偏嗜之习惯，最宜矫正。盖其所嗜者，未必为有益之物，而其所恶者，未必为无
益之物，偏嗜之习惯养成，则小儿恣食一物，营养反致不良，而疾病常由之以起。
小儿宜食之物，为牛肉汁、牛乳、鸡蛋、菜蔬等，鱼肉、兽肉亦可，惟通常菜蔬，常为小儿所厌弃，
不知隔绝菜蔬不食者，最易使血分不洁，身体衰弱，呈苍白之面色，及疮肿败血齿衄等证。
小儿过于肥胖白嫩，外貌虽令人可爱，而实则非健全之体格也。宜少与牛乳、油类等食品，而易以菜蔬
素食，则痰火不盛，可以防免惊风等患。
小儿对于糖果、花生、豆类，通常皆属嗜好，不知糖果易使胃中特别发酵，渐致消化发生障碍，花生
不能细嚼，亦易停积，豆类最壅气滞气，多食易成大腹膨 之患，均宜戒之。
小儿不可任其多饮茶水，因其能妨碍消化，停饮蓄痰，且助湿也。
一、孩童的护理
通常小儿在一岁以后，逐渐能够行走，并开始学习说话，这标志着进入了孩童时期。此时小儿的知识逐渐开启，引导他们习惯善良则变得善良，引导他们习惯邪恶则变得邪恶，日积月累，习性养成，往往终身难以改变，就像一匹白布，染黑即黑，染红即红，这是圣人与凡人的起点，贤者与不肖者的区别所在。因此，在孩童时期，务必使孩子耳濡目染的都是家庭中值得效仿的良好行为，切勿给予不良的环境，从而耽误其一生的前程。再从身体方面来说，也必须培养其健全的体格，防止弯腰曲背、身形歪斜偏颇，这些都是父母抚养应尽的义务，也是国家保护儿童的责任，卫生部门和医生都应当重视。现将孩童护理的要略叙述如下：
小儿行动和说话过迟的，常常是由于先天不足及营养缺乏所致，应当及早进行调补，不要拖延。
小儿腹部过分凸出或过硬，都是不健康的征象，应当调节饮食，并预防虫患、食积（食物停滞不化）、肠胃疾病潜伏。
应当培养小儿对运动的兴趣，观察其身体哪部分发育不足，就用运动来补救（运动时间过长，以及携带过重物品、过于激烈的跑跳剧烈运动、跳高跳远等，都不适宜）。
应当培养小儿早起早睡的习惯，如果未满两岁的，白天应让其睡眠一次，以便精神得到充分休养。
小儿背部和腹部要保暖，头部和手足要凉爽，但是后脑勺的风府穴和足底的涌泉穴，也忌讳睡卧时对着风，随意招致寒气。
不可让小儿长时间用眼，久视必伤眼睛；不可让小儿长时间站立，久立必伤骨骼；不可让小儿头部长时间暴晒在阳光下，久曝必损伤脑部。举凡一切起居生活，应当制定合乎卫生的规则，使其遵循并形成习惯。
小儿在盛夏酷暑之时，最宜与大人分开睡觉，熟睡时，切忌对着小儿扇扇子，以免侵袭风寒。
小儿在严寒之时，最宜采用自然保暖的方式，切忌用火烘烤，以免导致燥火之疾。
小儿的立、行、坐、睡姿势，都应当随时指导，随时纠正，夜间蒙头睡觉，更是卫生的大忌，应当防微杜渐，尽早预防。
小儿言语练习，务必要做到不高不低，不快不慢，层次井然，有条有理，否则嘶哑、口吃、结巴、大声喊叫等毛病，都会由此产生，不可忽视。
小儿的规矩礼貌，最宜经常练习，使其养成良好的习惯，以至于终身遵循而不自知。
二、孩童的饮食
俗话说“若要小儿安，常带三分饥与寒”，这虽然是古时的俗语，实则符合卫生的最高道理。稍微能耐寒，可以使小儿气血强盛，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）坚固，这在前面已经提到。至于稍微能耐饥，则能使腹部空虚，没有停积食物的隐患，增强抵抗能力，无形中可避免不少疾病，其益处也不小。况且饮食适宜，不但能在疾病发生前预防，更可使身体强壮，孩童时期的健康，既然是这一生福祉的起点，那么在饮食方面怎么可以忽略而导致孱弱的身体呢！
小儿两岁以上，每日四餐，禁止零食；十岁以上，只可三餐，稍微加点点心，夜间更应严格禁食，这样疳积（小儿因脾胃虚弱、喂养不当引起的慢性消耗性疾病）等症状，就可以永远杜绝。
小儿两岁以上，每餐吃完后，可以吃一点水果，以苹果、橘子、鸭梨等为宜，但是多吃容易损伤脾脏导致腹泻，久而久之形成臌胀（腹部胀大如鼓）、黄疸等疾病。
小儿对于食物，常有偏食的坏习惯，最宜矫正。因为其所喜欢的，未必是有益的东西，而其所厌恶的，未必是无益的东西，养成偏食习惯后，小儿恣意食用某一种食物，营养反而不良，疾病常由此而起。
小儿适宜吃的食物，有牛肉汁、牛乳、鸡蛋、蔬菜等，鱼肉、兽肉也可以，但是通常蔬菜常被小儿厌弃，不知道不吃蔬菜的人，最容易使血分不洁，身体衰弱，呈现苍白面色，以及疮肿、败血症、鼻出血等症状。
小儿过于肥胖白嫩，外貌虽然令人喜爱，但实际上并不是健全的体格。应当少给牛乳、油脂类食品，而改为蔬菜素食，这样痰火就不会旺盛，可以预防惊风（小儿抽搐痉挛）等祸患。
小儿对于糖果、花生、豆类，通常都属于嗜好，不知道糖果容易使胃中特别发酵，逐渐导致消化发生障碍；花生不能细嚼，也容易停积；豆类最易壅滞气机，多吃容易导致大腹膨隆的祸患，这些都应当戒除。
不可任由小儿多喝茶水，因为茶会妨碍消化，停饮蓄积痰湿，而且助长湿气。
I. Care of Children
Usually, after the age of one, children gradually gain the ability to walk and begin to learn speech, marking their entry into the childhood period. At this stage, a child's knowledge begins to open up; if guided towards goodness, they become good, and if guided towards evil, they become evil. Over time, habits are formed, often becoming unchangeable for life. It is like a piece of white cloth: dyed black, it becomes black; dyed red, it becomes red. This is the starting point between the sage and the ordinary person, and the distinction between the virtuous and the unworthy. Therefore, during childhood, one must ensure that what the child sees and hears consists entirely of behaviors worthy of emulation within the family. One must never expose them to a bad environment, which would ruin their lifelong prospects. Furthermore, regarding physical aspects, a sound physique must be cultivated to prevent stooping, crooked backs, or distorted postures. These are obligations parents must fulfill in raising their children and responsibilities of the state in protecting children; both health authorities and physicians should pay attention to this. The essentials of caring for children are described below.
If a child's motor skills or speech development are delayed, it is often due to congenital deficiency and lack of nutrition. Early regulation and tonification should be applied without delay.
An excessively protruding or hard abdomen in a children indicates poor health. Diet should be regulated, and prevention measures taken against parasitic infections, food stagnation (accumulation of undigested food), and latent gastrointestinal diseases.
Children should be encouraged to develop an interest in exercise. If certain body parts show insufficient development, exercise should be used to remedy this (excessively long exercise duration, carrying heavy objects, overly intense running or vigorous sports, high jump, and long jump are all unsuitable).
Children should be habituated to rising early and sleeping early. For those under two years old, daytime naps should be provided to allow sufficient rest for their spirit.
The child's back and abdomen should be kept warm, while the head and extremities should remain cool. However, sleeping with drafts blowing directly onto the Fengfu (GV16) acupoint at the back of the neck or the Yongquan (KI1) acupoint on the soles of the feet should be avoided to prevent inviting cold pathogens.
Children should not be allowed to stare at things for long periods, as prolonged visual strain damages the eyes. They should not stand for too long, as this damages the bones. Their heads should not be exposed to direct sunlight for extended periods, as this damages the brain. All daily routines should follow hygienic rules to form good habits.
During the height of summer heat, children should sleep separately from adults. When they are asleep, one must strictly avoid fanning them directly to prevent invasion by wind-cold pathogens.
During severe cold, natural warmth is best for children. One must strictly avoid heating with fire sources to prevent disorders caused by dryness-fire.
A child's standing, walking, sitting, and sleeping postures should be guided and corrected at any time. Sleeping with the head covered by blankets is particularly detrimental to hygiene and should be prevented early to nip problems in the bud.
Speech training for children should aim for moderate volume and pace, neither too fast nor too slow, with clear articulation. Otherwise, hoarseness, stuttering, hesitancy, or shouting may arise, which cannot be ignored.
Rules and etiquette for children should be practiced regularly to instill good habits that they will follow unconsciously throughout their lives.
II. Diet of Children
The old proverb states, "To keep a child safe, let them endure a bit of hunger and cold." Although this is an ancient folk saying, it actually aligns with the highest principles of hygiene. Slight tolerance for cold strengthens Qi and Blood and consolidates the Couli (skin texture and pores), as mentioned previously. Slight tolerance for hunger keeps the abdomen empty, preventing food accumulation, enhancing resistance, and invisibly avoiding many diseases, offering significant benefits. Moreover, appropriate diet not only prevents disease before it arises but also promotes physical strength. Since childhood health is the starting point for lifelong well-being, how can we neglect diet and result in a frail body?
For children over two years old, four meals a day are recommended, with snacks prohibited. For those over ten years old, three meals are sufficient, with light snacks allowed. Strict fasting at night can permanently eliminate conditions such as Ganji (infantile malnutrition syndrome).
For children over two years old, fruit can be consumed slightly after each meal. Apples, oranges, and pears are suitable. However, excessive consumption can damage the Spleen and cause diarrhea, potentially leading to abdominal distension (Guzhang) or jaundice over time.
Children often have habitual preferences for specific foods, which should be corrected. What they prefer may not necessarily be beneficial, and what they dislike may not be harmful. Forming a habit of selective eating leads to excessive consumption of certain items, resulting in poor nutrition and frequent illness.
Suitable foods for children include beef broth, milk, eggs, and vegetables. Fish and meat are also acceptable. However, vegetables are often rejected by children. Not eating vegetables easily leads to impure blood, physical weakness, pale complexion, and symptoms such as sores, swelling, blood toxicity, and epistaxis.
Children who are overly plump and fair-skinned may appear cute, but this is not a sign of a sound physique. Milk and oily foods should be reduced and replaced with vegetable-based vegetarian diets. This prevents excessive Phlegm-Fire and avoids risks such as Wind-Convulsion (Jingfeng).
Children usually have a fondness for candy, peanuts, and beans. However, candy causes special fermentation in the stomach, gradually leading to digestive obstruction. Peanuts, if not chewed thoroughly, tend to accumulate. Beans are most likely to obstruct and stagnate Qi; excessive consumption can lead to massive abdominal distension. These should be avoided.
Children should not be allowed to drink tea excessively, as it hinders digestion, causes fluid retention and Phlegm accumulation, and promotes Dampness.