伏暑但热无寒，一日一发，口干舌赤，汗多脉
数，此名瘴瘅疟。宜用玉女煎加沙参、竹叶等味，甘凉
养阴也。
此（内经）所谓阴气先伤，阳气独发，但热无寒，是名
瘅疟。喻嘉言主以甘凉养阴一法，深造仲景之堂矣。
伏暑微寒多热，头痛身疼，烦冤欲呕，此名温
疟。宜用桂枝白虎汤(1)加杏仁、厚朴等味，清肺透邪
也。
此（内经）所谓寒少热多，烦冤欲呕，骨节疼痛，是名
温疟。宜用石膏、知母清肺胃，甘草、粳米养胃津，加桂枝
引肺邪以达皮毛。其本方下自注云：一剂知，二剂已。由此
推之，仲景原有白虎加桂枝以止温疟。至景岳加葛根则名葛
根白虎，加柴胡则名柴胡白虎，以清阳明、少阳二经之疟，
亦深得仲景心法也。
伏暑但寒无热，一日一发，汗冷舌白，脉虚溺
赤，此名牝疟。宜用桂枝汤合柴胡汤，扶阳止疟也。
凡疟来但寒无热，汗冷舌白，阳虚之象昭然，故名牝疟。
牝者阴之谓也。其用桂枝汤以护阳，柴胡汤以止疟，亦得仲
景之妙义焉。
(1)桂枝白虎汤，（金柜·虐病脉证并治）原作"白虎加桂枝汤'。
伏暑先寒后热，汗出则解，超时再寒，舌白脉
弦，此名阴疟。宜用小柴胡汤加草果、知母、乌梅、
杏仁、蜀漆等味，两清太阴、少阳也。
凡疟来先寒战而后发热者，因阴与阳争，阴胜则寒，阳
与阴争，阳胜则热，今超时而再寒者，其阴邪未泄，阳气未
和，且舌白脉弦，乃阴盛之状，亦名阴疟。宜用柴胡、黄芩
泄少阳，合半夏、甘草、草果、乌梅、知母、蜀漆温太阴，
俾少阳、太阴之邪两清，则疟自止矣。
伏暑表现为只有发热而没有恶寒，每天发作一次，口干且舌质红赤，汗出多、脉搏快，这叫做瘅疟（一种以高热为主要特征的疟疾）。适宜使用玉女煎加入沙参、竹叶等药物，采用甘凉性质的方法来滋养阴液。
这在《内经》中被称为“阴气先伤，阳气独发”，表现为只有发热没有恶寒，这就叫作瘅疟。喻嘉言主张用甘凉养阴这一方法，其造诣已深入张仲景学术体系的核心了。
伏暑表现为轻微恶寒而发热较多，头痛且身体疼痛，心中烦闷郁结想要呕吐，这叫做温疟。适宜使用桂枝白虎汤加入杏仁、厚朴等药物，以清泄肺热并透达邪气。
这在《内经》中被称为“寒少热多，心中烦闷欲呕，骨节疼痛”，这就叫作温疟。适宜用石膏、知母来清泄肺胃之热，用甘草、粳米来养护胃中津液，加入桂枝引导肺部的邪气向外透达至皮毛。该方剂下方的自注说：“服用一剂病情好转，服用两剂病愈”。由此推断，张仲景原本就有用白虎加桂枝汤来治疗温疟的方法。到了张景岳时期，加入葛根则称为葛根白虎汤，加入柴胡则称为柴胡白虎汤，用来清泄阳明经和少阳经的疟邪，也深得张仲景的学术精髓。
伏暑表现为只有恶寒而没有发热，每天发作一次，出汗冰冷、舌苔白、脉搏虚弱、小便颜色深红，这叫做牝疟（一种以寒战为主要特征的疟疾）。适宜使用桂枝汤合用柴胡汤，通过扶助阳气来停止疟疾发作。
凡是疟疾发作时只有恶寒而没有发热，出汗冰冷、舌苔白，这是阳气虚弱的征象非常明显，所以名叫牝疟。“牝”指的是阴性属性。使用桂枝汤来保护阳气，使用柴胡汤来制止疟疾，也契合张仲景的奥妙义理。
伏暑表现为先恶寒后发热，出汗后症状缓解，超过一定时间再次出现恶寒，舌苔白、脉搏弦紧，这叫做阴疟。适宜使用小柴胡汤加入草果、知母、乌梅、杏仁、蜀漆等药物，同时清泄太阴经和少阳经的邪气。
凡是疟疾发作时先寒战而后发热的，是因为阴气与阳气相争，阴气胜则恶寒，阳气与阴气相争，阳气胜则发热。如今超过定时再次出现恶寒，说明阴邪尚未排出，阳气尚未调和，加上舌苔白、脉搏弦，这是阴气盛的表现，也称为阴疟。适宜用柴胡、黄芩来疏泄少阳经邪气，配合半夏、甘草、草果、乌梅、知母、蜀漆来温补太阴经，使得少阳经和太阴经的邪气被同时清解，那么疟疾自然就会停止。
Fushu (latent summerheat) presenting with fever only and no chills, occurring once a day, accompanied by dry mouth, red tongue body, profuse sweating, and rapid pulse, is named Dan Nue (malaria characterized by high fever). It is appropriate to use Yunu Jie (Jade Woman Decoction) supplemented with Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), etc., employing sweet-cool methods to nourish Yin.
This corresponds to what the *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine) refers to as "Yin Qi first damaged, Yang Qi acting alone," manifesting as fever without chills, which is named Dan Nue. Yu Jiayan advocated the method of sweet-cool nourishment of Yin, reaching a profound level within Zhang Zhongjing's academic tradition.
Fushu presenting with slight chills but predominant heat, headache, body ache, mental vexation and oppression with desire to vomit, is named Wen Nue (warm malaria). It is appropriate to use Guizhi Baihu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and White Tiger Decoction) supplemented with Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Houpo (Magnolia Bark), etc., to clear Lung heat and expel pathogens through the exterior.
This corresponds to what the *Neijing* refers to as "less chills and more heat, mental vexation and oppression with desire to vomit, pain in bone joints," which is named Wen Nue. It is appropriate to use Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) to clear Lung and Stomach heat, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Grain) to nourish Stomach fluids, and add Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) to guide Lung pathogens outward to the skin and hair. The note below the original formula states: "One dose brings improvement, two doses bring cure." From this, it can be inferred that Zhang Zhongjing originally had the method of using Baihu Jia Guizhi Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Cinnamon Twig) to treat Wen Nue. Later, Zhang Jingyue added Gegen (Puerariae Radix) to name Gegen Baihu Tang, or added Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) to name Chaihu Baihu Tang, to clear malaria pathogens from the Yangming and Shaoyang meridians, also deeply grasping Zhang Zhongjing's essential principles.
Fushu presenting with chills only and no fever, occurring once a day, accompanied by cold sweat, white tongue coating, weak pulse, and dark red urine, is named Pin Nue (yin malaria characterized by chills). It is appropriate to combine Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) to support Yang and stop malaria.
Whenever malaria presents with chills only and no fever, cold sweat, and white tongue coating, the signs of Yang deficiency are evident, hence it is named Pin Nue. "Pin" refers to the Yin aspect. Using Guizhi Tang to protect Yang and Chaihu Tang to stop malaria also aligns with the subtle meanings of Zhang Zhongjing.
Fushu presenting with chills preceding fever, relief after sweating, recurrence of chills after a time interval, white tongue coating, and wiry pulse, is named Yin Nue (yin malaria). It is appropriate to use Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) supplemented with Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Wumei (Mume Fructus), Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Shuqi (Periplocae Radix), etc., to simultaneously clear the Taiyin and Shaoyang meridians.
Whenever malaria begins with shivering followed by fever, it is due to the struggle between Yin and Yang; when Yin prevails, there are chills, and when Yang struggles against Yin, Yang prevails resulting in fever. Now, since chills recur after a delay, the Yin pathogen has not been expelled, and Yang Qi is not harmonized. Furthermore, the white tongue coating and wiry pulse indicate an excess of Yin, thus it is also named Yin Nue. It is appropriate to use Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) to drain Shaoyang, combined with Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), Wumei (Mume Fructus), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and Shuqi (Periplocae Radix) to warm Taiyin, thereby allowing the pathogens of both Shaoyang and Taiyin to be cleared simultaneously, so that malaria will cease naturally.