伤暑解后,胸腕不爽,舌淡不渴,脉缓不饥,此
湿去阳伤。宜甩六君子去术,加蔻壳、擅香、梗米、
姜渣、益智、麦芽等味,扶胃运阳也。
此热势虽解,而阳己受伤,故胸腕不爽,舌淡不渴也。
盖脉已和缓,则无热可知,而犹不饥不食,乃胃阳被伤,失
运行之机,故用六君子合蔻壳、姜渣、檀香斡旋坤饵,去白
术者,恐致壅滞耳。
伤暑初起,恶寒发热,咳逆气喘,此素有痰饮,
复挟暑秽。宜用温胆汤合苏予降气汤,清暑化痰也。
凡有痰饮,阳气必虚,加以暑秽乘袭,则痰动气升,肺
失清降,故喘咳并作。用温胆汤以逐饮,苏子以降气,俾痰
开气顺,则暑邪不攻自走矣。
伤暑发热咳喘,胸肋刺痛,痰中带血,此暑热壅
滞,激伤肺络。宜用苇茎汤加沙参、川贝、新绎,旋
复花、杏仁等味,清肺和络也。
前条暑热动饮,此条暑热动血,故胸肋刺痛,咳痰带
血。用苇茎汤加旋复、新绎、沙参、杏仁、川贝,两清手大阳
气血也。
伤暑发热头痛,泄泻不止,此饰邪下迫。宜用黄
芩汤加葛根、豆卷、二芩、泽泻等味,清肺利湿也。
发热头痛,邪尚在表,而泄泻频频者,乃肺邪不解,下
传大肠。因肺与大肠相为表里,原是一脏一腑也。盖邪既不
能外解,势必直趋大肠,而为泻利,即仲景(伤寒例)中,
三阳合病(1)协热下利之义。故用黄芩之苦寒清肺,甘、芍之
甘苦敛脾,其头痛者,加葛根以解表邪,合二芩、豆卷、泽
泻分利膀胱也。
(1)《伤寒例》中,三阳合病:按今本《伤寒论·伤寒例》中,无三阳合病
之属性。 "
暑病解除后,胸部和手腕部位感觉不适,舌色淡白且不口渴,脉象缓弱且没有饥饿感,这是湿气已去但阳气受损的表现。适宜使用六君子汤去除白术,加入蔻壳、檀香、粳米、姜渣、益智仁、麦芽等药物,以扶助胃气、运化阳气。
这里的热势虽然已经解除,但阳气已经受伤,所以出现胸部和手腕不适、舌淡不渴的症状。既然脉象已经变得和缓,就可以知道体内没有热邪了,但仍然感到不饥不食,这是因为胃阳受到损伤,失去了运行的机能,所以使用六君子汤配合蔻壳、姜渣、檀香来调理脾胃(斡旋中焦),去掉白术是因为担心它会导致气机壅滞。
暑病初起时,出现怕冷发热、咳嗽气逆气喘的症状,这是因为患者素来有痰饮停滞,又兼夹了暑湿秽浊之气。适宜使用温胆汤合苏子降气汤,以清解暑热、化痰平喘。
凡是体内有痰饮的人,阳气必然虚弱,再加上暑湿秽浊之邪乘虚侵袭,就会导致痰动气升,肺脏失去清肃下降的功能,所以喘咳同时发作。使用温胆汤来祛除痰饮,苏子来降逆平喘,使得痰开气顺,那么暑邪就会不攻自破自行消散。
暑病导致发热、咳嗽气喘,胸胁部刺痛,痰中带血,这是暑热邪气壅滞,激惹损伤了肺部的络脉。适宜使用苇茎汤加入沙参、川贝母、新绎(即鲜芦根或特定药材,此处依原文保留)、旋覆花、杏仁等药物,以清肺热、调和络脉。
前一条讲的是暑热扰动痰饮,这一条讲的是暑热扰动血分,所以出现胸胁刺痛、咳痰带血的症状。使用苇茎汤加上旋覆花、新绎、沙参、杏仁、川贝母,旨在同时清解手太阴肺经的气分和血分的热邪。
暑病导致发热头痛,腹泻不止,这是暑湿邪气向下逼迫所致。适宜使用黄芩汤加入葛根、大豆卷、二芩(黄芩、黄连)、泽泻等药物,以清肺热、利湿邪。
发热头痛说明邪气还在体表,而频频腹泻,是因为肺部的邪气未能从表解除,向下传变到了大肠。因为肺与大肠互为表里,原本就是一个脏和一个腑的关系。邪气既然不能从外部解除,势必直接趋向大肠,从而引起泄泻,这也就是张仲景在《伤寒例》中所说的“三阳合病”伴随协热下利的含义。所以使用黄芩的苦寒之性来清肺热,甘草、芍药的甘苦之性来收敛脾气;对于头痛的症状,加入葛根以解表邪,配合二芩、豆卷、泽泻来分别通利膀胱水道。
After the resolution of heatstroke, there is discomfort in the chest and wrists, a pale tongue without thirst, a slow pulse, and lack of appetite. This indicates that dampness has been eliminated but Yang Qi (Yang Energy) is damaged. It is appropriate to use Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) removed, adding Dou Kou Qiao (Arecae Pericarpium), Tan Xiang (Sandalwood), Jing Mi (Oryzae Semen), Jiang Zha (Ginger Residue), Yi Zhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), and Mai Ya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), etc., to support Stomach Qi and transform Yang Qi.
Although the pathogenic heat has resolved, Yang Qi has already been injured, hence the discomfort in the chest and wrists, pale tongue, and absence of thirst. Since the pulse has become harmonious and slow, it can be known that there is no heat; yet the continued lack of hunger and food intake indicates that Stomach Yang has been damaged and lost its motility. Therefore, Liu Jun Zi Tang is combined with Dou Kou Qiao, Jiang Zha, and Tan Xiang to regulate the Middle Jiao (Central Burner). Bai Zhu is removed for fear that it might cause stagnation.
At the onset of heatstroke, aversion to cold, fever, coughing, and wheezing occur. This is due to pre-existing Phlegm-Fluids (Tan Yin) complicated by summer-heat turbidity. It is appropriate to use Wen Dan Tang (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction) combined with Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang (Perilla Fruit Descending Qi Decoction) to clear summer-heat and resolve phlegm.
In cases where Phlegm-Fluids exist, Yang Qi must be deficient. When summer-heat turbidity attacks, phlegm moves and Qi ascends, causing the Lung to lose its clear descending function, resulting in simultaneous wheezing and coughing. Wen Dan Tang is used to expel fluids, and Su Zi (Perillae Fructus) to descend Qi. Once phlegm is cleared and Qi flows smoothly, the summer-heat pathogen will dissipate on its own.
Heatstroke causing fever, cough, wheezing, stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, and blood in sputum indicates that summer-heat heat is stagnant and damaging the Lung collaterals. It is appropriate to use Wei Jing Tang (Reed Shoot Decoction) added with Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix), Chuan Bei Mu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus), Xin Yi (likely referring to a specific herb or typo in original, kept as Xin Yi), Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos), and Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), etc., to clear Lung heat and harmonize the collaterals.
The previous clause discussed summer-heat disturbing Phlegm-Fluids; this clause discusses summer-heat disturbing Blood. Hence, there is stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium, and blood in sputum. Wei Jing Tang is used with Xuan Fu Hua, Xin Yi, Sha Shen, Xing Ren, and Chuan Bei Mu to simultaneously clear both Qi and Blood levels of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
Heatstroke causing fever, headache, and incessant diarrhea indicates that summer-dampness pathogen is forcing downward. It is appropriate to use Huang Qin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) added with Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Dou Juan (Sojae Semen Praeparatum), Er Qin (Huang Qin and Huang Lian), and Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), etc., to clear Lung heat and promote diuresis to remove dampness.
Fever and headache indicate the pathogen is still at the exterior, while frequent diarrhea suggests that Lung pathogen has not resolved from the exterior and has transmitted downward to the Large Intestine. Since the Lung and Large Intestine are interior-exteriorly related, belonging to one Zang-Fu pair, if the pathogen cannot resolve externally, it will inevitably move directly to the Large Intestine, causing diarrhea. This aligns with the meaning of "Three Yang Combined Disease" (San Yang He Bing) with協热下利 (xie re xia li - diarrhea with accompanying heat) described by Zhang Zhongjing in *Shang Han Li* (Treatise on Cold Damage Examples). Therefore, Huang Qin's bitter-cold nature is used to clear Lung heat; Gan Cao (Licorice Root) and Shao Yao (Peony Root)'s sweet-bitter nature is used to astringe Spleen Qi; for headache, Ge Gen is added to release the exterior pathogen; combined with Er Qin, Dou Juan, and Ze Xie to separately benefit the Bladder water passages.