辨外感八风之邪，或有饮食劳役所伤之重者，三二日间特与外伤者相似，其余证有特异名者，若不
将两证重别分解，犹恐将内伤不足之证，误作有余外感风邪，虽辞理有重复处，但欲病者易辨，医者易治耳。
外感八风之邪，乃有余证也；内伤饮食不节，劳役所伤，皆不足之病也。其内伤亦恶风自汗，若在温
暖无风处，则不恶矣，与外伤鼻流清涕，头痛自汗颇相似，细分之特异耳。外感风邪，其恶风，自汗，头
痛，鼻流清涕，常常有之，一日一时，增加愈甚，直至传入里作下证乃罢。语声重浊，高厉有力，鼻息壅
塞而不通，能食，腹中和，口知味，大小便如常，筋骨疼痛，不能动摇，便着床枕，非扶不起。
其内伤与饮食不节，劳役所伤，然亦恶风，居露地中，遇大漫风起，却不恶也，惟门窗隙中些小贼风
来，必大恶也，与伤风伤寒俱不同矣。况鼻流清涕，头痛自汗，间而有之。鼻中气短，少气不足以息，语
则气短而怯弱，妨食，或食不下，或不饮食，三者互有之。腹中不和，或腹中急而不能伸，口不知五谷之
味，小便频数而不渴。初劳役得病，食少，小便赤
黄，大便常难，或涩或结，或虚坐只见些小白脓；时有下气，或泄黄如糜，或溏泄色白，或结而不通。
若心下痞，或胸中闭塞，如刀 之痛，二者亦互作，不并出也；有时胃脘当心而痛，上支两胁，痛
必脐下相火之势，如巨川之水，不可遏而上行，使阳明之经逆行，乱于胸中，其气无止息，甚则高喘，
热伤元气，令四肢不收，无气以动，而懒倦嗜卧。以其外感风寒俱无此证，故易为分辨耳！
辨别外感八风之邪，或者因饮食不节、劳役过度所导致的内伤重症，在两三天之内，其表现往往与外伤（此处指外感病）相似。但其余症状中有特异性的区别，如果不将这两种证候仔细分解辨析，恐怕会将内伤不足之证，误认为是有余的外感风邪。虽然文中言辞道理有重复之处，但目的是为了让患者容易辨识，让医生容易治疗罢了。
外感八风之邪，属于有余的实证；内伤因饮食不节制、劳役过度所致，都属于不足的虚证。内伤病也表现为怕风、自汗，如果在温暖无风的地方，就不会怕风了，这与外感病出现的流清涕、头痛、自汗颇为相似，但仔细分辨则有特异之处。外感风邪，其怕风、自汗、头痛、流清涕等症状，是持续存在的，一天比一天加重，直到病邪传入里部形成下焦实证才停止。患者语声重浊，声音高亢有力，鼻息壅塞不通，能进食，腹部调和，口能知味，大小便正常，筋骨疼痛，不能活动，必须卧床枕靠，不扶起就不能起身。
内伤病由饮食不节制、劳役过度引起，虽然也怕风，但如果居住在露天之地，遇到大风刮起，反而不怕风；只有门窗缝隙中吹来的微弱贼风，才会导致严重的怕风，这与伤风、伤寒都不同。况且流清涕、头痛、自汗等症状，只是偶尔出现。患者鼻中气短，少气不足以呼吸，说话时气短且怯弱无力，妨碍进食，或吃不下，或不欲饮食，这三种情况交替出现。腹部不和，或腹部拘急不能舒展，口不知五谷的味道，小便频数但不口渴。初因劳役得病时，食量减少，小便赤黄，大便常困难，或涩滞或结聚，或虚坐努责只看到少量白色脓液；有时排气，或泻下黄色如糜状物，或溏泄色白，或便秘不通。
如果心下痞满，或胸中闭塞，像刀割一样的疼痛，这两种情况也是交替出现，不会同时发生；有时胃脘当心处疼痛，向上牵引两胁，这种痛必然源于脐下相火之势，如同大河之水，不可遏制而上行，使阳明经之气逆行，扰乱于胸中，这股气没有止息的时候，严重时出现高气喘息，热邪损伤元气，导致四肢松弛不收，没有力气活动，因而懒倦嗜卧。因为外感风寒都没有这些症状，所以容易分辨！
Differentiating the pathogenic factors of Eight Winds from external contraction, or severe injuries caused by improper diet and overexertion, may present similarities to external injuries (external contraction diseases) within two or three days. However, other symptoms possess distinctive characteristics. If these two types of syndromes are not carefully distinguished and analyzed, there is a risk of misdiagnosing an internal injury characterized by deficiency as an excess syndrome of external wind pathogen. Although the discourse contains some repetition, it aims to facilitate easier identification for patients and more effective treatment for physicians.
The Eight Winds from external contraction constitute an excess syndrome; whereas internal injuries due to irregular diet and physical overexertion are all deficiency syndromes. Internal injuries may also manifest with aversion to wind and spontaneous sweating. However, in a warm place without drafts, aversion to wind ceases. This resembles the clear nasal discharge, headache, and spontaneous sweating seen in external contractions, but careful differentiation reveals distinct differences. In cases of external wind pathogen, symptoms such as aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, headache, and clear nasal discharge are persistent. They intensify progressively throughout the day until the pathogen penetrates inward, forming lower jiao excess syndromes. The voice is heavy and turbid, high-pitched and forceful; nasal breathing is obstructed and blocked; appetite is preserved, the abdomen is harmonious, taste sensation in the mouth is normal, and urination and defecation are regular. There is pain in the sinews and bones, inability to move, requiring one to lie on beds or pillows, unable to rise without assistance.
Internal injuries resulting from irregular diet and overexertion may also involve aversion to wind. However, if residing in open areas and exposed to strong winds, there is no aversion. Only slight drafts entering through window or door cracks cause significant aversion, which differs markedly from Wind Strike (Shang Feng) or Cold Damage (Shang Han). Moreover, clear nasal discharge, headache, and spontaneous sweating occur only intermittently. Patients experience shortness of breath at the nose, insufficient qi for respiration, and when speaking, their qi becomes short and weak. Appetite is impaired; they may find eating difficult, be unable to eat, or have no desire to eat; these three conditions alternate. The abdomen is disharmonious, or feels tight and unable to stretch; taste for grain foods is lost; urination is frequent but without thirst. Initially, following illness from overexertion, food intake decreases, urine is dark yellow, and defecation is often difficult—either constipated or formed into hard masses—or there is straining with empty bowels yielding only small amounts of white pus. Sometimes there is passage of gas, or diarrhea with yellow, porridge-like stools, or loose white stools, or constipation with obstruction.
If there is epigastric fullness and blockage, or chest oppression with pain like knife cutting, these two conditions also alternate and do not occur simultaneously. Sometimes there is pain in the stomach region below the heart, radiating upward to both hypochondria. This pain inevitably arises from the ministerial fire below the umbilicus, surging like a great river, unstoppable and ascending, causing the Stomach Meridian of Yangming to reverse its flow and chaos in the chest. This pathological qi does not cease; severely, it leads to rapid panting. Heat damages the primordial qi, causing the four limbs to become flaccid and unresponsive, lacking the energy to move, resulting in lethargy and a desire to sleep. Since external contraction of wind and cold do not present these symptoms, differentiation is relatively easy!