《经》曰∶五脏者，中之守也。盖言身形之中，五神安守之所也。夫肝者，在天之
风，在地为木，在人为肝，通窍于眼，在时为春，在方为东，在色为青。《经》曰∶东
方木也，万物所以始生也。又曰∶脏真散于肝，肝藏筋膜之气也。肾水为母，心火为
子，与胆为腑，克土养筋，故久行则伤筋。司藏魂，其类草木，其畜鸡，其卦巽，其性
仁，其充筋，其华爪，其谷麦，其应四时，上为岁星，是以春气在头也。其音角，角者
触也，象阳气触动而生也。其数八，其病在筋其臭臊，其声呼，其气嘘，其液泪，其味
酸。有余怒，不足悲。外应爪甲色青，然欲如青玉光泽，不欲如蓝。《灵枢》曰∶爪浓
者胆亦浓。更肝主风，风喜伤肝，病主惊风，痘主水泡，若恚怒气逆，则伤肝气。若
燥气盛则病，其病候面青筋急多怒，眼痛日闭，不欲见人，或两目连扎脐左动气。若肝
实，则直视大叫，呵欠项急顿闷，日赤多怒，头眩痛引两胁小腹之下。若虚则目昏胸
痛，切牙吹气，筋缩拘拳，恐惧加人将捕。若绝则唇腮反青，四肢多汗，然肝绝者，八
日死。平脉则春旺七十二日，脉弦缓而长，然春弦者，端直之状，细弱而长，其贼脉则
浮涩而短，与夫面白亦逆，其危脉弦如张弓弦。
心者，在天之热，在地为火，在人为心，在时为夏，在方为南，在色为赤，通窍
于舌。《经》曰∶南方火也，万物所以盛长也。又曰∶脏真通于心。心藏血脉之气也。
肝木为母，脾土为子，小肠为腑，克金主血。若久视则伤血，司藏神，其类火，其畜
羊，其卦离，其性礼，其面华，其应四时。上为荧惑星，其病在脉。其音征，征者，止
也，物盛则止也。其数七，其臭焦，其声言，其气呵，其充血，其液汗，其味苦，外
应掌色赤，然赤如帛裹朱，不欲如赭。《灵枢》曰∶心应脉。皮浓者脉浓，脉浓者小肠
浓，更心主热，热则伤心，病主惊热，痘主红斑。若忧愁思虑则伤心，寒气胜则病，其
病候，面赤喜笑，心烦掌热而口干，间日妄语，脐上动气。若心实，则上窜切牙，口干
喜笑，身热汗血，而筋胁膺背痛满，或叫哭而搐。若心虚，则恍惚多惊，忧烦少色，咳
嗽舌强，腰背酸痛。若心绝，则摇头直视，形如烟熏。然心绝者，一日死。平脉则夏旺
七十二日，而脉洪缓，洪者浮大而散，来疾去迟。其贼脉，则沉濡而微，与夫面赤亦
逆，其危脉钩，如操带钩。
脾者，在天之湿，在地为上，在人为脾，在时为四季，在方为中央，在色为黄，
通窍唇口。《经》曰∶脾脉者，上也，孤脏以灌四傍者也。又曰∶脏真濡于脾，脾藏肌
肉之气也。心火为母，肺金为子，与胃为腑，克肾水，主赏肌肉。若久坐则伤肉，司
藏意智，其类土，其畜牛，其卦坤，其性信，其华在唇四白，其谷稷，其应四时，上
为镇星，其病在肉。其青宫，宫者中也，土位居中，为五行建极也。其数五，其臭香，
其声歌，其气呼，其液涎，其味甘，外应四肢而色黄，然黄欲如罗裹雄黄，不欲如土。
《灵枢》曰∶脾应肉。肉KT （肉KT 分理也。）坚大者胃浓，更脾主湿，然湿则
伤脾，风气胜则病，其病之候则必面黄，善思善嗜，体重卵痛，四肢不收而怠惰。
脾实则肢体重着而不举。腹胀尿秘而善饥，昏睡身热而饮水，胆虚则少气，吐泻
生风，或争食不消，肿胀肠鸣，四肢无力。脾绝则脐突唇反，环口黧黑，突汗发黄。
然脾绝者，十二日死。平脉则寄旺于四季之末，各一十八日。其脉温
浓，盖胃气行脏腑之间，故平和不得见，其衰乃形焉。贼脉，则引长而紧，与夫面青者
逆。危脉则状如鸡雀啄，止而复来。
肺者，在天之燥，在地为金，在人为肺，在时为秋，在方为酉，在色为白，通窍
于鼻。《经》曰∶西方金也，万物所以收成也。又曰∶脏真高于肺，以行荣卫阴阳也。
脾土为母，肾水为子，大肠为腑，克木主气，若久卧则伤气，司藏魄，其类金，其畜
马，其卦干，其性义，其华毛，其候鼻，其谷稻，其应四时，上为太白星，其病在皮
毛。其音商，商者强也，象金性之坚强也。其数九，其臭腥，其声哭，其气哂，其液
涕，其味辛，外应皮毛而色白，然贵如白玉光泽，不欲如垩。《灵枢》曰∶肺应皮，皮
浓者，大肠浓，更肺主燥，然燥则伤肺，病则为嗽，痘主脓泡。若热气胜则病，其病之
候，则面白悲哭，手掐眉目鼻面，嚏涕吐衄，喘咳寒热，胁有动气。肺虚则难息，呼
吸少气，鼻涕咽干，喘乏咳血而唇白。肺实则闷乱喘促，咳嗽上气，鼻塞胫股脊痛而胸
满。肺绝则汗出，发润喘而不休，毛发气出。然肺绝者，三日死。平脉则秋旺七十二
日，而脉浮毛，毛者稀软之状，轻虚似浮。其贼脉浮大而牢，与夫面赤皆逆。危脉则毛
如风吹。
肾者，在天之寒，在地为水，在人为肾，在时为冬，在方为北，在色为黑，通窍
于耳。《经》曰∶北方水也，万物所以合藏也。又曰∶脏真下于肾，肾藏骨髓之气也。
肺金为母，旺水为子，膀胱为腑，克火主骨。若久立则伤骨，司藏精与志，其类水，
其畜彘，其卦坎，其性智，其华在发，其谷豆，其应四时，上为辰星，其病在骨。其音
羽，羽者，舒也，阳气将复，万物舒生也。其数六，其臭腐，其声呻，其气吹，其液
唾，其味咸，下应腰肾而色黑，然黑欲如重漆光泽，不欲如炭。《灵枢》曰∶肾应骨。
密理浓皮者，三焦膀胱浓，更肾主寒，然寒则伤肾，病主为疝，痘主黑陷。若淫欲过
度，则伤肾，湿气胜则病，其病之候，则面黑恐欠，足寒逆气，腹痛飧泄而后重，脐下
动气。肾实则腹膨胀而体重，少气不言，骨痛飧泄并小便少。肾虚则欲坠，下缩身而青
白，颅囟开解，下窜畏明，心悬如饥，胸痛引春，厥逆溲多而耳鸣。肾绝则反目直
视，狂言遗尿，腰折骨枯。然肾绝者四日死。平脉则冬旺七十二日，而脉沉濡石石
者，沉濡而滑，举指脉疾。其贼脉，则缓而大，并面大黄皆逆。其危脉则石如转索，去
如弹石。此是脏腑之大略，然心为血之主，而肝又为血之脏，是以血出之于心，而纳之
于肝也。抑肺为气之主，而肾又为气之藏，是以气出之于肺，而纳之于肾也。至于脾
胃，尤为后天元气之本，化源生发之机，五脏六腑之大源，气血精微，莫不愿之以长养也。
《黄帝内经》说：五脏，是人体内精神守舍的地方。意思是说人的身体之中，是五神安定守护的场所。肝，在天对应风，在地对应木，在人对应肝，通过眼睛与外界相通，在季节对应春季，在方位对应东方，在颜色对应青色。《黄帝内经》说：东方属木，是万物开始生长的地方。又说：脏真之气散布于肝，肝储藏筋膜的气。肾水为母，心火为子，与胆互为表里（腑），克制脾土以滋养筋脉，所以长时间行走会损伤筋脉。肝主管藏魂，其类属草木，其家畜对应鸡，其卦象为巽，其性质为仁，其充养组织为筋，其荣华表现于指甲，其五谷对应麦，其应合四季变化，天上对应岁星，因此春气上行至头部。其音律为角，角的意思是触动，象征阳气触动而生长。其成数为八，其病变部位在筋，其气味为臊，其声音为呼，其气息为嘘，其体液为泪，其味道为酸。情绪上表现为愤怒有余、悲伤不足。外在表现于爪甲颜色青，但希望像青玉一样有光泽，不希望像蓝草那样枯暗。《灵枢经》说：指甲厚实的人，胆也厚实。另外肝主风，风邪容易伤害肝，疾病主要表现为惊风，痘疹主要表现为水泡。如果恼怒导致气机逆乱，就会损伤肝气。如果燥气过盛则致病，其病候表现为面色青、筋脉拘急、易怒、眼痛且喜欢闭眼、不想见人，或者两眼连眨、肚脐左侧动气。如果肝实证，则表现为两眼直视、大声叫喊、打哈欠、颈项僵硬、突然胸闷、眼睛发红、易怒、头晕头痛并牵引两胁及小腹下方。如果肝虚证，则表现为视力模糊、胸痛、咬牙吹气、筋脉收缩拘挛握拳、恐惧感强烈如同有人要抓捕自己。如果肝气绝，则表现为嘴唇和腮部反现青色、四肢多汗，然而肝气绝的患者，八天后死亡。平脉（正常脉象）则在春季旺盛七十二天，脉象弦缓而长，所谓春弦，是指端直的状态，细弱而长；其贼脉（相克之脉）则浮涩而短，与面色苍白也是逆证，其危重脉象如张开的弓弦。
心，在天对应热，在地对应火，在人对应心，在季节对应夏季，在方位对应南方，在颜色对应红色，通过舌头与外界相通。《黄帝内经》说：南方属火，是万物盛大生长的地方。又说：脏真之气通达于心。心储藏血脉的气。肝木为母，脾土为子，与小肠互为表里（腑），克制肺金以主管血液。如果长时间用眼则会损伤血液，心主管藏神，其类属火，其家畜对应羊，其卦象为离，其性质为礼，其荣华表现于面部，其应合四季变化，天上对应荧惑星，其病变部位在脉。其音律为徵，徵的意思是停止，事物盛大之后就会停止。其成数为七，其气味为焦，其声音为言，其气息为呵，其充养组织为血，其体液为汗，其味道为苦，外在表现于手掌颜色红，但红应该像丝绸包裹朱砂，不希望像赭石那样暗红。《灵枢经》说：心应于脉。皮肤厚实的人脉也厚实，脉厚实的人小肠也厚实。另外心主热，热邪会伤害心，疾病主要表现为惊热，痘疹主要表现为红斑。如果忧愁思虑过度则会伤心，寒气过盛则致病，其病候表现为面色红、喜欢笑、心烦、手掌发热且口干、隔日出现胡言乱语、肚脐上方动气。如果心实证，则表现为向上窜动、咬牙、口干、喜欢笑、身体发热、吐血或汗血、筋肋胸膺背部胀满疼痛，或者叫哭抽搐。如果心虚证，则表现为神志恍惚、易受惊吓、忧郁烦闷、面色少华、咳嗽、舌体僵硬、腰背酸痛。如果心气绝，则表现为摇头、两眼直视、形体如烟熏般黑晦。然而心气绝的患者，一天后死亡。平脉则在夏季旺盛七十二天，脉象洪缓，洪的意思是浮大且散漫，来势急速去势缓慢。其贼脉则沉濡而微弱，与面色赤红也是逆证，其危重脉象如钩，像握着带钩的东西。
脾，在天对应湿，在地对应土（原文“上”疑为“土”之误或通假，依中医理论修正为土，但在翻译中保留原意语境，通常指中央土），在人对应脾，在季节对应四季（每季末十八天），在方位对应中央，在颜色对应黄色，通过口唇与外界相通。《黄帝内经》说：脾脉属于土，是孤脏，用来灌溉四方其他脏腑。又说：脏真之气濡润于脾，脾储藏肌肉的气。心火为母，肺金为子，与胃互为表里（腑），克制肾水以主管肌肉。如果久坐则会损伤肌肉，脾主管藏意智，其类属土，其家畜对应牛，其卦象为坤，其性质为信，其荣华表现于口唇四周的白色部分，其五谷对应稷（小米），其应合四季变化，天上对应镇星，其病变部位在肉。其宫位为中，中的意思是中间，土位居中央，是五行建立极则的基础。其成数为五，其气味为香，其声音为歌，其气息为呼，其体液为涎，其味道为甘，外在表现于四肢且颜色黄，但黄应该像罗纱包裹雄黄，不希望像泥土那样枯黄。《灵枢经》说：脾应于肉。肌肉坚实纹理粗大的人胃也厚实。另外脾主湿，湿邪会伤害脾，风气过盛则致病，其病候必然表现为面色黄、善于思考、食欲异常、身体沉重、睾丸疼痛、四肢无力收持且怠惰。脾实证则肢体沉重难以抬起，腹胀、小便不通利且容易饥饿、昏睡、身体发热且想喝水。胆虚证则气短、呕吐腹泻生风，或者争食不消化、肿胀、肠鸣、四肢无力。脾气绝则肚脐突出、嘴唇翻转、口周发黑、冷汗发黄。然而脾气绝的患者，十二天后死亡。平脉则寄旺于四季之末，各十八天。其脉温和厚实，因为胃气行走在脏腑之间，所以平和的脉象往往看不见，只有当胃气衰退时才会显现出来。其贼脉则引长而紧，与面色青也是逆证。其危重脉象状如鸡雀啄米，停顿后又来。
肺，在天对应燥，在地对应金，在人对应肺，在季节对应秋季，在方位对应酉（西方），在颜色对应白色，通过鼻子与外界相通。《黄帝内经》说：西方属金，是万物收获收藏的地方。又说：脏真之气高于肺，用以运行营卫阴阳之气。脾土为母，肾水为子，与大肠互为表里（腑），克制肝木以主管气，如果久卧则会损伤气，肺主管藏魄，其类属金，其家畜对应马，其卦象为干，其性质为义，其荣华表现于毛发，其征候见于鼻，其五谷对应稻，其应合四季变化，天上对应太白星，其病变部位在皮毛。其音律为商，商的意思是强，象征金性的坚强。其成数为九，其气味为腥，其声音为哭，其气息为哂（微笑/叹气），其体液为涕，其味道为辛，外在表现于皮毛且颜色白，但贵在像白玉一样有光泽，不希望像白垩那样枯白。《灵枢经》说：肺应于皮。皮肤厚实的人大肠也厚实。另外肺主燥，燥邪会伤害肺，疾病则为咳嗽，痘疹主要表现为脓泡。如果热气过盛则致病，其病候表现为面色白、悲伤哭泣、手掐眉目鼻面、打喷嚏流涕、吐衄血、喘咳寒热、胁下有动气。肺虚证则呼吸艰难、呼吸气短、鼻涕多、咽干、气喘乏力、咳血且嘴唇白。肺实证则胸闷烦乱、气喘急促、咳嗽气逆、鼻塞、小腿大腿脊柱疼痛且胸部胀满。肺气绝则出汗、头发湿润、气喘不止、毛发脱落气泄。然而肺气绝的患者，三天后死亡。平脉则在秋季旺盛七十二天，脉象浮毛，毛的意思是稀软的状态，轻虚似浮。其贼脉浮大而牢，与面色赤红都是逆证。其危重脉象如风吹毫毛。
肾，在天对应寒，在地对应水，在人对应肾，在季节对应冬季，在方位对应北方，在颜色对应黑色，通过耳朵与外界相通。《黄帝内经》说：北方属水，是万物闭合收藏的地方。又说：脏真之气下行于肾，肾储藏骨髓的气。肺金为母，旺水为子（此处原文可能有误，通常水生木，金生水，故肺为母，肾之子应为肝木，但原文写“旺水为子”，结合上下文逻辑及中医基础，此处可能指肾本身或传变关系，按原文直译），与膀胱互为表里（腑），克制心火以主管骨。如果久立则会损伤骨，肾主管藏精与志，其类属水，其家畜对应猪，其卦象为坎，其性质为智，其荣华表现于头发，其五谷对应豆，其应合四季变化，天上对应辰星，其病变部位在骨。其音律为羽，羽的意思是舒展，阳气将要恢复，万物舒展生长。其成数为六，其气味为腐，其声音为呻，其气息为吹，其体液为唾，其味道为咸，下应腰肾且颜色黑，但黑应该像多层漆一样有光泽，不希望像炭那样枯黑。《灵枢经》说：肾应于骨。纹理致密皮肤厚实的人，三焦和膀胱也厚实。另外肾主寒，寒邪会伤害肾，疾病主要表现为疝气，痘疹主要表现为黑陷。如果淫欲过度，则会伤肾，湿气过盛则致病，其病候表现为面色黑、恐惧呵欠、脚冷逆气、腹痛、完谷不化的腹泻且有里急后重感、肚脐下方动气。肾实证则腹部膨胀且身体沉重、气短不说话、骨痛、完谷不化的腹泻且小便少。肾虚证则感觉下坠、生殖器内缩、身体青白、囟门开解、向下窜动、畏光、心中悬空如饥饿感、胸痛牵引春季（此处“春”疑为“心”或特定部位之误，依文意暂译）、厥逆、小便多且耳鸣。肾气绝则眼球反翻、两眼直视、胡言乱语、遗尿、腰部折断、骨骼枯槁。然而肾气绝的患者，四天后死亡。平脉则在冬季旺盛七十二天，脉象沉濡石石（形容脉象沉实有力），意思是沉濡而滑，手指抬起时脉搏疾速。其贼脉则缓而大，与面色大黄都是逆证。其危重脉象如石头转动，离去时如弹石般坚硬。这是脏腑的大略情况，然而心是血的主宰，而肝又是血的脏器，所以血产生于心而收纳于肝。肺是气的主宰，而肾又是气的脏器，所以气产生于肺而收纳于肾。至于脾胃，更是后天元气的根本，化源生发的机关，五脏六腑的大源头，气血精微，无不依赖它们来长养。
The *Classic* (Huangdi Neijing) states: The five Zang organs are the keepers within. This refers to the places in the body where the five spirits reside and remain secure. The Liver corresponds to Wind in Heaven, Wood on Earth, and the Liver in humans. It opens into the eyes, corresponds to Spring in seasons, to the East in directions, and to Green in colors. The *Classic* says: The East belongs to Wood; it is the source of the initial growth of all things. It also says: The True Qi of the Zang organs scatters into the Liver, which stores the Qi of the sinews. Kidney Water is its Mother, Heart Fire is its Child, and it pairs with the Gallbladder as its Fu organ. It controls Earth to nourish the sinews; thus, prolonged walking damages the sinews. It governs the storage of the Hun (Ethereal Soul). Its category is plants and trees, its animal is the chicken, its trigram is Xun (Wind), its nature is Benevolence, it fleshes out the sinews, its brilliance manifests in the nails, its grain is wheat, it responds to the four seasons, and above it corresponds to the Star Suixing (Jupiter); therefore, the Qi of Spring ascends to the head. Its musical note is Jue (Ang), meaning "to touch," symbolizing Yang Qi being stirred to generate life. Its number is eight. Its disease is located in the sinews, its odor is musky, its sound is shouting, its breath is sighing, its fluid is tears, and its taste is sour. Emotionally, there is excess anger but insufficient sorrow. Externally, it corresponds to the color of the nails being green; however, it should resemble the luster of green jade, not the dullness of indigo. The *Lingshu* states: Those with thick nails have a thick Gallbladder. Furthermore, the Liver governs Wind; Wind easily injures the Liver. Diseases primarily manifest as convulsive wind (Jing Feng), and smallpox manifests as water blisters. If resentment causes Qi to rebel, it injures Liver Qi. If Dryness Qi is excessive, disease occurs. The symptoms include a green complexion, tense sinews, irritability, eye pain with a desire to close the eyes, aversion to people, or blinking accompanied by pulsation at the left side of the umbilicus. In cases of Liver Excess, there is fixed staring, loud screaming, yawning, neck stiffness, sudden chest oppression, red eyes, irritability, dizziness, headache radiating to the hypochondrium and lower abdomen. In cases of Liver Deficiency, there is blurred vision, chest pain, teeth grinding with blowing air, contracted sinews with clenched fists, and intense fear as if being pursued. If Liver Qi is exhausted, the lips and cheeks turn cyanotic, and the limbs sweat excessively. However, those with exhausted Liver Qi die within eight days. The normal pulse flourishes for seventy-two days in Spring; it is wiry, moderate, and long. A "Spring Wiry" pulse is straight, thin, weak, and long. The hostile pulse is floating, choppy, and short, which is contrary to a white complexion. The critical pulse is like a drawn bowstring.
The Heart corresponds to Heat in Heaven, Fire on Earth, and the Heart in humans. It corresponds to Summer in seasons, to the South in directions, and to Red in colors. It opens into the tongue. The *Classic* says: The South belongs to Fire; it is the source of the vigorous growth of all things. It also says: The True Qi of the Zang organs connects to the Heart. The Heart stores the Qi of the blood vessels. Liver Wood is its Mother, Spleen Earth is its Child, and it pairs with the Small Intestine as its Fu organ. It controls Metal and governs Blood. Prolonged visual strain damages the Blood. It governs the storage of the Shen (Spirit). Its category is Fire, its animal is the sheep, its trigram is Li (Fire), its nature is Propriety, its brilliance manifests on the face, it responds to the four seasons, and above it corresponds to the Star Yinghuo (Mars). Its disease is located in the vessels. Its musical note is Zhi (Zhi), meaning "to stop," indicating that when things reach fullness, they stop. Its number is seven. Its odor is scorched, its sound is speech, its breath is exhalation, it fleshes out the Blood, its fluid is sweat, and its taste is bitter. Externally, it corresponds to the palm being red; however, it should resemble silk wrapping cinnabar, not ochre. The *Lingshu* states: The Heart corresponds to the vessels. Those with thick skin have thick vessels; those with thick vessels have a thick Small Intestine. Furthermore, the Heart governs Heat; Heat injures the Heart. Diseases primarily manifest as fright-heat, and smallpox manifests as red macules. Worry and overthinking injure the Heart. If Cold Qi is excessive, disease occurs. Symptoms include a red complexion, propensity to laugh, mental restlessness, hot palms, dry mouth, delirium every other day, and pulsation above the umbilicus. In cases of Heart Excess, there is upward rushing, teeth grinding, dry mouth, propensity to laugh, fever, hematemesis or bloody sweat, distension and pain in the sinews, ribs, chest, and back, or crying, wailing, and convulsions. In cases of Heart Deficiency, there is mental vagueness, frequent fright, worry and vexation, lackluster complexion, cough, stiff tongue, and soreness and pain in the waist and back. If Heart Qi is exhausted, there is head shaking, fixed staring, and a smoky-black appearance of the form. However, those with exhausted Heart Qi die within one day. The normal pulse flourishes for seventy-two days in Summer; it is surging and moderate. "Surging" means floating, large, and scattered, coming rapidly and departing slowly. The hostile pulse is deep, soft, and faint, which is contrary to a red complexion. The critical pulse is hooked, like holding a belt hook.
The Spleen corresponds to Dampness in Heaven, Earth on Earth, and the Spleen in humans. It corresponds to the Four Seasons (the last eighteen days of each season) in time, to the Center in directions, and to Yellow in colors. It opens into the lips and mouth. The *Classic* says: The Spleen pulse belongs to Earth; it is the solitary Zang organ that irrigates the four peripheries. It also says: The True Qi of the Zang organs moistens the Spleen, which stores the Qi of the muscles. Heart Fire is its Mother, Lung Metal is its Child, and it pairs with the Stomach as its Fu organ. It controls Kidney Water and governs the muscles. Prolonged sitting damages the muscles. It governs the storage of Yi (Intellect). Its category is Earth, its animal is the ox, its trigram is Kun (Earth), its nature is Trustworthiness, its brilliance manifests in the white area around the lips, its grain is millet, it responds to the four seasons, and above it corresponds to the Star Zhentong (Saturn). Its disease is located in the flesh. Its palace is the Center; "Center" means middle. Earth resides in the center, establishing the supreme standard for the Five Phases. Its number is five. Its odor is fragrant, its sound is singing, its breath is calling, its fluid is saliva, and its taste is sweet. Externally, it corresponds to the limbs and yellow color; however, it should resemble yellow arsenic wrapped in gauze, not earth. The *Lingshu* states: The Spleen corresponds to the flesh. Those with firm and large muscle texture have a thick Stomach. Furthermore, the Spleen governs Dampness; Dampness injures the Spleen. If Wind Qi is excessive, disease occurs. Symptoms necessarily include a yellow complexion, excessive thinking, abnormal cravings, heavy body, testicular pain, inability to hold the limbs steady, and lethargy. In cases of Spleen Excess, the limbs feel heavy and difficult to lift, abdominal distension, constipation, hunger, drowsiness, fever, and thirst. In cases of Gallbladder Deficiency, there is shortness of breath, vomiting and diarrhea generating wind, undigested food in stool, bloating, borborygmus, and limb weakness. If Spleen Qi is exhausted, the umbilicus protrudes, the lips invert, the area around the mouth turns dark, and cold sweat turns yellow. However, those with exhausted Spleen Qi die within twelve days. The normal pulse寄旺 (parasitically flourishes) at the end of the four seasons, eighteen days each. Its pulse is warm and thick because Stomach Qi circulates among the Zang and Fu organs; thus, a peaceful pulse is often imperceptible, appearing only when it declines. The hostile pulse is long and tight, which is contrary to a green complexion. The critical pulse resembles a chicken pecking, stopping and then resuming.
The Lung corresponds to Dryness in Heaven, Metal on Earth, and the Lung in humans. It corresponds to Autumn in seasons, to You (West) in directions, and to White in colors. It opens into the nose. The *Classic* says: The West belongs to Metal; it is the source of the harvest and storage of all things. It also says: The True Qi of the Zang organs is high in the Lung, circulating Ying and Wei and Yin and Yang. Spleen Earth is its Mother, Kidney Water is its Child, and it pairs with the Large Intestine as its Fu organ. It controls Liver Wood and governs Qi. Prolonged lying down damages Qi. It governs the storage of the Po (Corporeal Soul). Its category is Metal, its animal is the horse, its trigram is Qian (Heaven), its nature is Righteousness, its brilliance manifests in the hair, its sensory organ is the nose, its grain is rice, it responds to the four seasons, and above it corresponds to the Star Taibai (Venus). Its disease is located in the skin and hair. Its musical note is Shang (Shang), meaning "strong," symbolizing the hardness of Metal. Its number is nine. Its odor is fishy, its sound is weeping, its breath is smiling/sighing, its fluid is nasal mucus, and its taste is pungent. Externally, it corresponds to the skin and hair being white; however, it should possess the luster of white jade, not the dullness of chalk. The *Lingshu* states: The Lung corresponds to the skin. Those with thick skin have a thick Large Intestine. Furthermore, the Lung governs Dryness; Dryness injures the Lung. Disease manifests as cough, and smallpox manifests as pus-filled blisters. If Heat Qi is excessive, disease occurs. Symptoms include a white complexion, sadness and weeping, scratching the eyebrows, eyes, nose, and face, sneezing, runny nose, spitting blood, epistaxis, panting, alternating chills and fever, and pulsation in the hypochondrium. In cases of Lung Deficiency, there is difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, excessive nasal discharge, dry throat, asthenic cough with hemoptysis, and white lips. In cases of Lung Excess, there is chest stuffiness and confusion, rapid panting, cough with rebellious Qi, nasal congestion, pain in the calves, thighs, and spine, and chest fullness. If Lung Qi is exhausted, there is sweating, moist hair, unceasing panting, and loss of hair with Qi leakage. However, those with exhausted Lung Qi die within three days. The normal pulse flourishes for seventy-two days in Autumn; it is floating and fine ("Mao"). "Fine" means sparse and soft, light and void, resembling floating. The hostile pulse is floating, large, and firm, which is contrary to a red complexion. The critical pulse is like hair blown by the wind.
The Kidney corresponds to Cold in Heaven, Water on Earth, and the Kidney in humans. It corresponds to Winter in seasons, to the North in directions, and to Black in colors. It opens into the ears. The *Classic* says: The North belongs to Water; it is the source of the closure and storage of all things. It also says: The True Qi of the Zang organs descends to the Kidney, which stores the Qi of the bone marrow. Lung Metal is its Mother, and Prosperous Water is its Child (Note: Textual anomaly, typically Wood is child of Water, but translating as written). It pairs with the Bladder as its Fu organ. It controls Heart Fire and governs the bones. Prolonged standing damages the bones. It governs the storage of Jing (Essence) and Zhi (Will). Its category is Water, its animal is the pig, its trigram is Kan (Water), its nature is Wisdom, its brilliance manifests in the hair, its grain is beans, it responds to the four seasons, and above it corresponds to the Star Chenxing (Mercury). Its disease is located in the bones. Its musical note is Yu (Yu), meaning "comfortable/expanding," symbolizing the recovery of Yang Qi and the expansion of all things. Its number is six. Its odor is putrid, its sound is groaning, its breath is blowing, its fluid is spit, and its taste is salty. Below, it corresponds to the waist and Kidneys with a black color; however, it should resemble multiple layers of lacquer in luster, not charcoal. The *Lingshu* states: The Kidney corresponds to the bones. Those with dense texture and thick skin have thick Sanjiao and Bladder. Furthermore, the Kidney governs Cold; Cold injures the Kidney. Disease primarily manifests as hernia, and smallpox manifests as black depression. Excessive sexual activity injures the Kidney. If Dampness Qi is excessive, disease occurs. Symptoms include a black complexion, fear, yawning, cold feet with rebellious Qi, abdominal pain, incomplete digestion diarrhea with tenesmus, and pulsation below the umbilicus. In cases of Kidney Excess, there is abdominal distension, heaviness of the body, shortness of breath, silence, bone pain, incomplete digestion diarrhea, and scanty urination. In cases of Kidney Deficiency, there is a sensation of falling, retraction of the genitals, blue-white complexion, open fontanelle, downward rushing, photophobia, a hanging heart feeling like hunger, chest pain radiating to the spring (likely a textual error for heart or specific region), cold extremities, polyuria, and tinnitus. If Kidney Qi is exhausted, there is reversed eyes staring, delirium, enuresis, broken waist, and withered bones. However, those with exhausted Kidney Qi die within four days. The normal pulse flourishes for seventy-two days in Winter; it is deep, soft, and stone-like ("Shi Shi"), meaning deep, soft, and slippery, with a rapid pulse upon lifting the finger. The hostile pulse is slow and large, which is contrary to a yellow complexion. The critical pulse is like a turning stone, departing like a flicking stone. These are the general principles of the Zang and Fu organs. The Heart is the master of Blood, and the Liver is the storehouse of Blood; thus, Blood originates from the Heart and is stored in the Liver. The Lung is the master of Qi, and the Kidney is the storehouse of Qi; thus, Qi originates from the Lung and is stored in the Kidney. As for the Spleen and Stomach, they are particularly the root of Post-Heaven Yuan Qi, the mechanism of transformation and generation, and the great source of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs. All Qi, Blood, Essence, and Micro-nutrients rely on them for nourishment and growth.