慢惊者，阴症也。夫心以神为主，神以阳为用，有因久吐泻，有因暴洞泻，脾胃虚
弱，亡阳而成者；有因急惊过用寒冷，以致阳亏阴盛，心神镇坠而成者；有因伤寒下
早，表邪未去，元气已虚，致风邪伏内，痰壅气塞而成者；有因久嗽不已，肺气受伤，
肝木无制而成者。凡脉沉细迟缓，其纹色赤而微带青紫，伸来缩去，于风关者，稍轻。
于气关者，为重。其候手足必冷，口鼻气出亦冷，十指开撒，手足螈 ，昏睡露睛，涎
鸣微喘，腮间现纹紫赤，眉间唇间青黯，惊跳搐搦，虚热住来，然症属阴。治宜详察，
如果无阳症，须速生胃回阳，于温暖剂中少加截风化痰，疏通顺气，镇心定魄，随候加
减，便闭当使不闭，不可再轻迅攻，便泻当使不泻，仅可分利阴阳。若身热者，是虚热
使然耳。如症原由急惊传变，手足热而果有阳症，不可过用温暖燥热之剂。盖小儿易虚
易实，可图度用之，均平阴阳而已。若爪甲青黑者，主肝绝。目睛下陷，黑睛或无光力
者，主肾绝。身额汗出如珠，不流者，是卫气已亡，心气欲绝。咬人是齿痒，主骨绝。
呕吐频频，泻遗无度，面色如土，喘急腹胀，班色紫黑，口秽唇坚，绕口青黑者，主
脾胃绝。气急痰鸣，鼻管中黑，鱼口鸦声，主肺绝。舌黑，下便黑血，额颊深赤，如涂
胭脂，主心绝。吹鼻不嚏，下药不得，口中有痰枯塞者，是五脏咸伤。囟肿囟陷，挖舌
囊缩，啼哭无泪，眼下青纹，胃中作痛，四肢摊软，目闭失神，天柱骨倒，唇青眼红，
脚心不知痛痒，咬齿摇头，拳禁胸高，心陷气喘，目睛红色，咬唇不休，赤脉上贯瞳
神，风关纹色青黑，或至纯黑，直透命关，或纹射甲者，并皆不治。
又有冒暑而手足微搐，眼闭昏睡，身热头痛，面赤大渴，候与慢惊相似，此名暑
风。须当解暑，不可妄投惊剂。
喻嘉言曰∶惊风一症，乃古人凿空妄谈。后之小儿，受其害者，不知千百亿兆。
盖小儿初生，阴气未足，性禀纯阳，惟阴不足，阳有余，故身内易至生热，热甚生痰，
生风生惊，亦所恒有，乃以惊风命名，随有八候之目。然小儿腠理不密，更易感冒寒
邪，寒邪中人，必先中太阳之经，太阳之脉，起于目内 ，上额交巅入脑，还出别下
项，夹脊，抵腰中，是以病则筋脉牵强，遂有抽掣搐搦，角弓反张，种种不通名目，妄
用金石脑麝开关镇坠之药，引邪深入脏腑，千中千死。徒据八岁以前无伤寒之说，而立
惊风一门，殊不知小儿不耐伤寒，故初传太阳一经，早已身强多汗，筋脉牵动，人事昏
沉，病势已极，汤药妄投，危亡接踵、何由得至传经解散，故言小儿无伤寒也。小儿易
于外感，故伤寒为独多，而世所妄称惊风者，即是也。是以小儿伤寒，要在三日内即
愈为贵。若至传经，则无方以耐之矣。且伤寒门中，刚痉无汗，柔 有汗，小儿刚
少，柔 多，世医见其汗出不止，神昏不醒，便以慢惊为名，妄用参 术附，闭塞腠
理，热邪不得外越，亦为大害，但此金石略差减耳。所以凡治小儿之热，切须审其本元
虚实，察其外邪重轻，或阴或阳，或表或里，但当彻其外邪出表，不当固其入里也。
仲景原有桂枝法，若舍而不用，从事东垣内伤为治，毫里千里，最宜详细。
慢惊风属于阴证。心以神志为主宰，神志的功能依赖于阳气的作用。有的因为长期呕吐腹泻，有的因为突然剧烈腹泻，导致脾胃虚弱，阳气耗亡而形成的；有的因为急惊风时过度使用寒凉药物，致使阳气亏损、阴气偏盛，心神沉陷而形成的；有的因为伤寒病过早使用泻下法，表邪尚未去除，元气已经虚弱，导致风邪潜伏体内，痰浊壅塞、气机阻滞而形成的；有的因为久咳不止，肺气受损，肝木失去制约而形成的。凡是脉象沉细迟缓，指纹颜色红而微带青紫，手指伸来缩去，在风关的，病情较轻。在气关的，病情较重。其症状表现为手足必然冰冷，口鼻呼出的气息也是冷的，十指张开松弛，手足抽搐，昏睡且眼睛半睁露出眼白，喉间有涎鸣声且轻微喘息，腮部出现紫红色的纹路，眉间和唇间呈现青暗色，受惊跳惕、抽搐痉挛，虚热时作时止，但病症性质属于阴证。治疗应当详细诊察，如果确实没有阳证，必须迅速恢复胃气、回阳救逆，在温补的药物中少量加入熄风化痰、疏通顺气、镇心安神的药物，根据具体症状加减，大便闭结应当使其通畅，不可再轻易使用峻猛攻下的药物，大便泄泻应当使其止住，仅可运用分利阴阳的方法。如果有身体发热的，这是虚热导致的罢了。如果病症原本是由急惊风传变而来，手足发热且确实存在阳证，不可过度使用温热燥烈的药物。因为小儿体质容易虚也容易实，用药应当权衡度势，以平衡阴阳为主。如果指甲青黑的，主肝气绝。眼球下陷，黑睛没有光泽或无力的，主肾气绝。额头和身上出汗如珠状，但不流动的，是卫气已亡，心气将要断绝。咬人是牙齿痒，主骨气绝。频繁呕吐，泻痢失禁无度，面色像泥土一样，气喘急促且腹胀，斑疹颜色紫黑，口中气味秽臭、嘴唇僵硬，口周青黑的，主脾胃气绝。呼吸急促、痰鸣，鼻孔中发黑，鱼口（肛门）开大、发出鸦叫声，主肺气绝。舌苔黑，大便排出黑血，额头脸颊深红色，像涂了胭脂一样，主心气绝。吹入鼻腔不打喷嚏，服药无法咽下，口中有干枯的痰液堵塞的，是五脏都受到了损伤。囟门肿胀或凹陷，挖舌、睾丸收缩，啼哭没有眼泪，眼下有青色纹路，胃中疼痛，四肢瘫软无力，眼睛闭合、神识丧失，天柱骨（颈部脊柱）倒伏，嘴唇青、眼睛红，脚心不知痛痒，咬牙摇头，拳头紧握、胸部高耸，心陷气喘，眼睛发红，咬嘴唇不停，赤色脉络上贯瞳孔，风关指纹颜色青黑，或者纯黑，直透命关，或者纹路射向指甲的，都属于不治之症。
又有因冒受暑邪而导致手足轻微抽搐，眼睛闭合昏睡，身体发热头痛，面红大渴，症状与慢惊风相似，这名叫暑风。应当解暑，不可胡乱投用治惊风的药物。
喻嘉言说：惊风这一病症，是古人凭空捏造、妄加谈论的。后来的小儿，受此害者，不知有多少亿兆。大概小儿初生，阴气不足，禀性纯阳，正因为阴气不足，阳气有余，所以体内容易产生热，热盛则生痰，生痰则生风，生风则生惊，这也是常有的事，于是就用“惊风”命名，随之列出八候的名称。然而小儿腠理不致密，更容易感冒寒邪，寒邪侵入人体，必定先侵犯太阳经。太阳经脉，起于目内眦，上行至额部，交会于头顶进入脑络，复出分别下行项后，夹脊两旁，抵于腰部。所以患病时筋脉牵强拘急，于是就有抽掣搐搦、角弓反张等种种不通的名目，胡乱使用金石、冰片、麝香等开关镇坠的药物，引邪深入脏腑，千次治疗千次死亡。仅仅依据“八岁以前无伤寒”的说法，而设立惊风一门，却不知道小儿不耐受伤寒，所以刚传入太阳一经，早已身体强直多汗，筋脉牵动，人事昏沉，病势已到极点，汤药胡乱投用，危亡接踵而至，哪里还能等到传经解散呢？所以说小儿无伤寒。小儿易于外感，所以伤寒最为多见，而世间所妄称的惊风，就是伤寒。因此小儿伤寒，要在三日内痊愈才为可贵。如果到了传经阶段，就没有方剂能够耐受治疗了。况且在伤寒门类中，刚痉无汗，柔痉有汗，小儿患刚痉的少，患柔痉的多，世间的医生见到他们汗出不止、神昏不醒，便以慢惊风为名，胡乱使用人参、白术、附子等药物，闭塞腠理，使热邪不能向外发散，这也是很大的危害，只是比金石类药物稍微减轻一点罢了。所以凡是治疗小儿的热病，务必审察其本元的虚实，观察外邪的轻重，辨别是阴是阳，是表是里，只应当彻底驱除外邪使其从表而出，不应当固护导致邪气入里。张仲景原有桂枝汤的法度，如果舍弃而不使用，转而从事李东垣的内伤理论进行治疗，毫厘之差千里之谬，最应该详细辨析。
Slow convulsion (Man Jing Feng) belongs to Yin syndromes. The Heart governs Shen (Spirit/Mind), and the function of Shen relies on the use of Yang Qi. Some cases arise from prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, or sudden severe diarrhea, leading to Spleen-Stomach deficiency and exhaustion of Yang Qi; some result from the excessive use of cold-natured medicines during acute convulsions, causing Yang deficiency and Yin excess, leading to sinking of Shen; some occur because early purgation in Cold Damage diseases leaves exterior pathogens unresolved while Yuan Qi is already deficient, causing Wind pathogens to lie latent internally with Phlegm obstruction and Qi stagnation; some stem from chronic coughing that injures Lung Qi, allowing Liver Wood to become unrestrained. In all such cases, the pulse is deep, fine, slow, and sluggish. The fingerprint color is red with slight cyan-purple tints, extending and retracting; if located at the Wind Gate (Feng Guan), it indicates a milder condition; if at the Qi Gate (Qi Guan), it is more severe. Symptoms include cold hands and feet, cold breath from mouth and nose, splayed fingers, flaccid limbs, convulsions, deep sleep with eyes half-open revealing the whites, salivary rattling with mild wheezing, purple-red markings on the cheeks, cyan-dark hues between the eyebrows and lips, startle jumps, spasms, and intermittent deficiency heat. However, the nature of the syndrome is Yin. Treatment requires careful examination. If there are truly no Yang symptoms, one must quickly restore Stomach Qi and return Yang. In warm tonifying formulas, add small amounts of herbs to extinguish Wind, resolve Phlegm, smooth Qi, calm the Heart, and stabilize the Spirit, adjusting according to symptoms. For constipation, promote bowel movement without using harsh purgatives again; for diarrhea, stop it only by separating Yin and Yang. Any body heat present is due to deficiency heat. If the syndrome originated from transformation of acute convulsions, with hot hands/feet and genuine Yang symptoms, avoid overusing warm and drying agents. Since children are prone to both deficiency and excess, medication should be balanced to harmonize Yin and Yang. Cyan-black fingernails indicate Liver Qi exhaustion. Sunken eyeballs or black pupils lacking luster indicate Kidney Qi exhaustion. Sweat like pearls on the forehead/body that does not flow indicates loss of Wei Qi and impending Heart Qi exhaustion. Teeth grinding indicating itchy gums suggests Bone Qi exhaustion. Frequent vomiting, uncontrolled diarrhea, earth-colored complexion, rapid breathing with abdominal distension, purple-black macules, foul breath with stiff lips, and cyan-black color around the mouth indicate Spleen-Stomach Qi exhaustion. Rapid breathing with phlegm rattle, black nostrils, gaping anus (Yu Kou), and crow-like sounds indicate Lung Qi exhaustion. Black tongue, black blood in stool, deep red forehead and cheeks resembling rouge indicate Heart Qi exhaustion. Failure to sneeze upon nasal insufflation, inability to swallow medicine, and dry Phlegm blocking the mouth indicate injury to all five Zang organs. Swollen or sunken fontanelles, tongue digging, retracted testicles, crying without tears, blue lines under eyes, stomach pain, flaccid limbs, closed eyes with loss of spirit, collapse of the Tian Zhu bone (neck spine), cyan lips with red eyes, insensitivity of soles to pain, teeth grinding, head shaking, clenched fists with high chest, Heart sinking with panting, red eyes, continuous lip biting, red vessels penetrating the pupil, cyan-black Wind Gate fingerprints turning pure black, reaching the Life Gate (Ming Guan), or shooting toward the nail bed—all these are untreatable.
There is also a condition caused by exposure to Summer-Heat, presenting with slight twitching of hands and feet, closed eyes with drowsiness, fever, headache, flushed face, and intense thirst. This resembles slow convulsion but is named Summer-Wind (Shu Feng). It requires resolving Summer-Heat; do not recklessly administer convulsion remedies.
Yu Jiayan stated: "Convulsion" (Jing Feng) is a baseless fabrication of ancient times. Countless children have suffered from this misconception. Infants are born with insufficient Yin and pure Yang constitution. Due to Yin deficiency and Yang excess, internal heat easily generates, leading to Phlegm, then Wind, then Convulsion—this is common. Naming it "Convulsion" and listing eight postures is misleading. Children's pores are loose, making them susceptible to Cold pathogens. Cold enters via the Taiyang Meridian, which starts at the inner canthus, goes up to the vertex, enters the brain, descends the neck, along the spine to the waist. Disease manifests as stiff sinews and muscles, jerking, spasms, and opisthotonos. Using mineral drugs, Borneol, and Musk to open orifices and suppress spirits drives pathogens deeper into Zang-Fu, resulting in death. Relying on the false notion that "children under eight do not suffer Cold Damage," they created a separate category for Convulsion. In reality, children cannot tolerate Cold Damage well; upon entering the Taiyang stage, they immediately exhibit stiffness, sweating, muscle twitching, and coma. Pathology is critical; reckless herbal administration leads to rapid decline. Thus, claiming children don't get Cold Damage is wrong. Children are prone to external contraction, making Cold Damage very common; what is wrongly called Convulsion is actually Cold Damage. Therefore, curing pediatric Cold Damage within three days is crucial. Once it transmits meridians, treatment becomes difficult. Regarding Cold Damage categories, Gang Jing (Rigid Spasm) has no sweat, Rou Jing (Soft Spasm) has sweat. Children rarely have Gang Jing but often have Rou Jing. Doctors seeing profuse sweating and coma diagnose Slow Convulsion and misuse Ginseng, Atractylodes, and Aconite, closing pores and trapping Heat, which is harmful, though less so than mineral drugs. When treating pediatric heat, one must assess root deficiency/excess and pathogen severity, distinguishing Yin/Yang and Exterior/Interior. One must expel pathogens outward, not allow them to enter inward. Zhang Zhongjing provided methods using Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). Abandoning this for Li Dongyuan's Internal Injury theories causes significant error, requiring detailed analysis.