一杂症痘疹药性，先贤具备载各册，议论间有不同，主治每多缺略。窃思痘疹中亦
有杂症相兼者，虽在痘时，以治痘为本，杂症为标，然如痘疮贯脓之时，而夹生吐泻恶
症，及夫恶症初愈，而复传染痘疮，此皆不可不共为照管而兼治者。假如一药，治痘疹
实为要品，而于所夹杂症又宜禁用，苟仅专心于此，忘之于彼，不亦助邪为虐，杂症剧
而痘疹亦危矣！故谨将杂症药性条下，附注痘疹药性于后，集成一册，庶可两得无碍，
在痘疹、在杂症自获两全，且便于查览。
一凡药既有大力，可以救人性命于倾刻，复无毒劣气味，贻人灾患于后来，譬如
才德兼备之君子，既所仰仗以济颠危，复可叨庇以藉生养。愈亲之而愈见其益者，
则题目顶上，加以四圈。如气味虽偏，然力量超群，有扶危救困之功，亦可救人性命于
倾刻，如乱世之能臣，借以戡乱扶危，救急于一时者，及性禀平和，功专调补气血，长
养精神，如治世之良臣，借以安邦定国于久远者，题目顶上并加三圈。如气味浅溥，能
辽疾患数病，然无大力，立救沉 ，但可借以佐使治疗，实非久服益人之药，如卒伍卑
贱之良义，而驱使又断不可少者，则题目顶上，加以二圈。如治病虽有小功，损人元
气，亦有小过，功过相等可暂而不可久，如卒伍卑贱之庸者，然虽有小奸，不足以致大
患，若上令明，而下奉自顺也，则题目顶上，加以一圈。如气味庸劣，却病则不足，
损人则有余，犹性成暴恶之徒，善则不能，恶则日甚，损多益少，功不掩过者，及非常
用之药、并世稀见之产，方书相传虽有其名，而治按方药并无取用者，则不圈不点，
遵古类书而已。倘过涉荒唐者，业已删去，不敢混尘。
药名题目之下，即细注药性禀受气味寒热温凉，以为补泻轻重之用，末附禁忌炮
制，庶诸药禀性易明，投用的确无误，制度即得其宜，药力之功效愈见。
一正文倘尚有未尽之旨，及今古有不一之说，复具按论，必取发明，使药性之优
劣，洞然于中，取用之合宜，自能得心应手而不紊矣。
一痘疹药性具附于杂症药性条后，凡前条只一种药名者，则所附仅书主治痘疹合参
数字。若前条下兼有附名药者，则所附方为特书某药合参，便于检阅。
一凡药曰对治是症者，则旁用尖圈，稍次则旁用圆圈，以便知其所用。若功不掩
过，及与病有大功大过者，则将为功为过之处，并如双圆圈，以便知其所重。其不尖圆
双圈者，遵古类书而已，至于有过属虚浮者，业以删去，不敢复赘。
凡物之生也必禀乎天，成也必资乎地。天布令主发生，寒热温凉四时之气行焉，阳
也；地凝质主成物，酸苦辛咸甘淡，五行之味滋焉，阴也。故微寒微温者，春之气也，
温热者，夏之气也，大热者，长夏之气也，凉者。秋之气也，大寒者，冬之气也。凡言
微寒者，禀春之气以生，春气升而生。言大热者感长夏之气以生，长夏之气化。言平
者，感秋之气以生，即凉也，秋气降而收。言大寒者，感冬之气以生，冬气沉而藏。此
物之气得乎天者也。天一生水，地六成之；地二生火，天七成之∶天三生木，地八成
之；地四生金，天九成之；天五生土，地十成之。水曰润下，润下作咸。火曰炎上，炎
上作苦。木曰曲直，曲直作酸。金曰从革，从革作辛。土爰稼穑，稼穑作甘。本乎天者
亲上，本乎地者亲下，气味多少，各从其类
也。凡言酸者得木之气；言辛者得金之气；言咸者得水之气；言苦者得火之气；言甘者得
土之气。惟土寄旺于四季，生成之数皆五，故其气平，其味甘而淡，其性和而无毒，土德冲和，感
而类之，莫或不然，固万物之所出，亦万物之所入，此物之味，资乎地者也。至于药之言毒
者，谓乖戾不和，禀气之偏者也，若气禀纯正，则何毒之有？故气之毒者必热，味之毒者必辛，枝
苗主气而升以治上，根须主味而降以治下，此药禀性不易之常也。其变通合宜之妙，存乎其人。
一、关于杂症与痘疹的药物性质，先贤们已在各册著作中详细记载，但议论之间有所不同，主治方面往往多有缺略。我私下思考，痘疹病中也有兼夹杂症的情况，虽然处于痘疹发病期间，应以治疗痘疹为本，治疗杂症为标，然而如在痘疮化脓阶段，夹杂出现呕吐腹泻等恶症，以及恶症刚刚痊愈，又再次感染痘疹，这些情况都是不可不共同照料并兼顾治疗的。假如有一种药物，治疗痘疹实为关键要药，但对于所夹杂的病症却适宜禁用，如果仅仅专心于此而忽略彼处，岂不是助长邪气肆虐，导致杂症加剧而痘疹也陷入危险境地！因此，我将杂症的药物性质逐条列出，并在其后附注痘疹的药物性质，集成为一册，这样就可以两全其美互不阻碍，无论是针对痘疹还是杂症，自然都能获得圆满效果，且便于查阅翻阅。
二、凡是药物既然具有大力，可以在顷刻间挽救人的性命，又没有毒劣的气味，给后人留下灾患，这就好比才德兼备的君子，既被仰仗以救济危难，又可以蒙受庇护以借以生存养育。越是亲近它越能看见其益处的，则在题目上方加上四个圈。如气味虽然偏颇，但力量超群，有扶危救困的功效，也可以在人命垂危之际迅速挽救，如同乱世中的能臣，借助它们来平定乱局、扶持危局，在紧急时刻救人于危难；或者药性禀赋平和，功效专门在于调理补益气血，长久滋养精神，如同治世中的良臣，借助它们来安定邦国、治理国家于久远，则在题目上方并排加上三个圈。如气味浅薄微薄，能够治愈几种疾病，但没有大力，不能立即拯救重病沉疴，只能借助它们作为佐使药进行治疗，实在不是长期服用有益身体的药物，如同地位低贱但讲义气的卒伍士兵，驱使使用又是绝对不可少的，则在题目上方加上两个圈。如治病虽有小功，但损伤人的元气，也有小过，功过相当，可以暂时使用而不可久服，如同地位低贱的平庸卒伍士兵，虽然有小奸小恶，不足以导致大祸患，如果上级命令明确，下级自然顺从执行，则在题目上方加上一圈。如气味庸俗低劣，祛除疾病则不足，损害人体则有余，犹如性情暴戾恶劣之徒，善行不能做到，恶行却日益严重，损害多益处少，功劳掩盖不了过错的，以及非常用药物、世上稀有的特产，方书相传虽然有其名，但按照方药实际并无取用的，则不加圈也不加点，仅遵循古代类书收录而已。倘若过于荒诞不经的内容，已经删去，不敢混入其中玷污篇幅。
在药名题目之下，即详细注释药物的性质、禀受的气味、寒热温凉属性，作为判断补泻轻重的依据，末尾附上禁忌和炮制方法，这样各种药物的禀性容易明了，投药对症确实无误，制度规范也就得其适宜，药物的功效就更能显现出来。
三、正文中如果还有未尽之意，以及古今说法不一致的地方，再附加按语论述，务必取法阐明发明，使得药物性质的优劣，在心中了然于胸，取用是否合宜，自然就能得心应手而不混乱了。
四、痘疹的药物性质附在杂症药物性质条目之后，凡是前一条只有一种药名的，那么所附注仅书写“主治痘疹合参”几个字。如果前一条下兼有附注名称的药物，那么所附注才特别写明某药合参，以便于检阅查找。
五、凡是药物说是对治此症的，则在旁边用尖圈标记，稍次一等则在旁边用圆圈标记，以便知道其所适用的程度。如果功不掩过，以及与病情有大功大过的，则将属于功或过的地方，并用双圆圈标记，以便知道其所侧重的方面。那些没有尖圆或双圈的，是遵循古代类书记录而已，至于有过失且属虚浮不实的内容，业已删去，不敢再赘述。
六、凡万物的生长，必然禀受于天；成就，必然依赖于地。天发布政令主宰发生，寒热温凉四季之气运行其中，这是阳；地凝聚物质主宰成物，酸苦辛咸甘淡五行之味滋育其中，这是阴。所以微寒微温的，是春的气；温热的，是夏的气；大热的，是长夏的气；凉的，是秋的气；大寒的，是冬的气。凡是说微寒的，是禀受春的气而生，春气上升而主生发。说大热的，是感受长夏的气而生，长夏之气主变化。说平的，是感受秋的气而生，也就是凉，秋气下降而主收敛。说大寒的，是感受冬的气而生，冬气下沉而主闭藏。这是物的气禀受于天的方面。“天一生水，地六成之；地二生火，天七成之；天三生木，地八成之；地四生金，天九成之；天五生土，地十成之。”水性润下，润下产生咸味；火性炎上，炎上产生苦味；木性曲直，曲直产生酸味；金性从革，从革产生辛味；土性稼穑，稼穑产生甘味。本乎天的亲上，本乎地的亲下，气味的多少，各自跟随其类别。凡是说酸的，得木的气；说辛的，得金的气；说咸的，得水的气；说苦的，得火的气；说甘的，得土的气。只有土寄旺于四季，生成的数都是五，所以它的气平，它的味甘而淡，它的性和平而无毒，土的德行冲和，感应而类比，没有不这样的，这确实是万物所出之处，也是万物所入之处，这是物的味依赖地的方面。至于药物中说有毒的，是指乖戾不和，禀受之气偏颇的，如果气禀纯正，那又有什么毒呢？所以气有毒的必定热，味有毒的必定辛，枝苗主气而升，用于治疗上部；根须主味而降，用于治疗下部，这是药物禀性不易的常规。其变通合宜的奥妙，存在于运用的人身上。
1. Regarding the properties of herbs for miscellaneous diseases and smallpox/rubella (Xiaozhen, 痘疹), the sages have already recorded them in detail in various volumes, but there are differences in their discussions, and the indications often lack completeness. I privately reflect that within smallpox/rubella cases, there are also concurrent miscellaneous diseases. Although during the onset of smallpox/rubella, treatment should focus on the primary disease as the root and the secondary disease as the branch, yet when pustules are filling with pus, if accompanied by severe symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, or after severe symptoms have just healed, if one contracts smallpox/rubella again, these situations all require simultaneous care and combined treatment. If a herb is an essential item for treating smallpox/rubella but is contraindicated for the concurrent disease, focusing solely on one while neglecting the other would only aid the pathogenic factors to wreak havoc, causing the miscellaneous disease to worsen and putting the smallpox/rubella in danger! Therefore, I have listed the properties of herbs for miscellaneous diseases item by item, and appended the properties of herbs for smallpox/rubella afterwards, compiling them into one volume. This way, both can be achieved without hindrance; whether dealing with smallpox/rubella or miscellaneous diseases, one can naturally achieve a perfect outcome, and it is convenient for reference.
2. Any herb that possesses great potency, capable of saving lives in an instant, and lacks toxic or foul flavors that might cause future harm, is like a gentleman of both talent and virtue: relied upon to rescue from peril, and providing protection for sustenance. For those whose benefits become more apparent the closer one gets to them, four circles are added above the title. For herbs with biased flavors but superlative power, capable of rescuing from crisis and aiding the distressed, saving lives in emergencies—like capable ministers in chaotic times who stabilize turmoil and assist in crises—or those with mild natures, specifically effective in regulating and tonifying Qi and Blood, and nourishing Spirit over the long term—like virtuous ministers in peaceful times who secure the state for generations—three circles are added side-by-side above the title. For herbs with shallow and thin flavors, able to cure several ailments but lacking great potency to instantly save critical conditions, serving only as assistants or guides in treatment, and not suitable for long-term beneficial consumption—like low-ranking soldiers who are righteous and indispensable for service—two circles are added above the title. For herbs that offer minor therapeutic merit but damage Yuan Qi, having equal merit and fault, usable temporarily but not long-term—like mediocre low-ranking soldiers who commit minor faults but do not cause major disasters, obeying orders faithfully—one circle is added above the title. For herbs with mediocre and inferior flavors, insufficient for curing disease but excessive in harming the body, akin to violent and evil individuals who cannot do good but grow increasingly wicked, doing more harm than good, where merit does not cover fault—as well as non-routine herbs and rare products known in name through ancient texts but unused in practice—no circles or dots are added, following ancient encyclopedias only. Absurd content has been deleted and will not pollute the text.
Below the herb names, detailed notes on the herb's nature, acquired flavor, and cold/heat/warm/cool attributes are provided to determine the degree of tonification or purgation. Contraindications and processing methods are appended at the end, making the inherent nature of each herb clear, ensuring accurate prescription, proper preparation, and enhanced efficacy.
3. If the main text leaves any points unexplained or if there are discrepancies between ancient and modern theories, additional commentary is provided to clarify and elucidate, ensuring that the superiority or inferiority of herb properties is clearly understood internally, allowing for appropriate selection and effortless application without confusion.
4. The properties of herbs for smallpox/rubella are appended after the entries for miscellaneous diseases. If the preceding entry lists only one herb name, the appendix simply states "Combined Reference for Smallpox/Rubella Indications." If the preceding entry includes multiple herbs, the appendix specifically details the combined reference for each herb to facilitate retrieval.
5. If an herb is stated to directly treat a specific symptom, a pointed circle is marked beside it; if slightly less effective, a round circle is used, to indicate its applicability. If the merit does not outweigh the fault, or if there is significant merit or fault regarding the disease, double circles are used to highlight the emphasis. Entries without pointed or double circles follow ancient encyclopedic records. Entries with false or exaggerated faults have been deleted and will not be repeated.
6. All things are born by receiving energy from Heaven and mature by relying on Earth. Heaven issues commands governing generation, with the Qi of Cold, Heat, Warmth, and Coolness circulating in the four seasons; this is Yang. Earth condenses substance governing formation, with the Flavors of Sour, Bitter, Pungent, Salty, Sweet, and Bland nourishing the Five Elements; this is Yin. Thus, slightly cold and slightly warm correspond to Spring Qi; warm and hot correspond to Summer Qi; greatly hot corresponds to Late Summer Qi; cool corresponds to Autumn Qi; and greatly cold corresponds to Winter Qi. "Slightly cold" implies receiving Spring Qi to generate, where Spring Qi ascends and promotes growth. "Greatly hot" implies receiving Late Summer Qi to generate, where Late Summer Qi transforms. "Neutral" implies receiving Autumn Qi to generate, which is cool; Autumn Qi descends and gathers. "Greatly cold" implies receiving Winter Qi to generate, where Winter Qi sinks and stores. These are the aspects of Qi received from Heaven.
"Heaven generates Water, Earth completes it with six; Earth generates Fire, Heaven completes it with seven; Heaven generates Wood, Earth completes it with eight; Earth generates Metal, Heaven completes it with nine; Heaven generates Earth, Earth completes it with ten." Water moistens downward, producing Saltness. Fire flares upward, producing Bitterness. Wood bends and straightens, producing Sourness. Metal yields and changes, producing Pungency. Earth cultivates and harvests, producing Sweetness. That which originates from Heaven tends upward; that which originates from Earth tends downward. The quantity of Qi and Flavor follows their respective categories. Sour corresponds to Wood Qi; Pungent to Metal Qi; Salty to Water Qi; Bitter to Fire Qi; Sweet to Earth Qi. Earth thrives in all four seasons, and its generative number is five; thus its Qi is neutral, its Flavor is sweet and bland, its Nature is mild and non-toxic. The Virtue of Earth is harmonious;感应 (induction) and analogy confirm this universally. It is indeed the source and destination of all things; this represents the Flavor derived from Earth.
Regarding the term "toxic" in herbs, it refers to discordant and imbalanced Qi, indicating biased acquisition. If the Qi acquisition is pure and correct, what toxicity could there be? Therefore, Qi with toxicity must be Hot; Flavor with toxicity must be Pungent. Branches and shoots govern Qi and ascend to treat the upper body; roots and fibers govern Flavor and descend to treat the lower body. This is the immutable constant of herb nature. The subtlety of adaptation and appropriateness lies in the practitioner.