感天太阳之气，得地火土之化，故味苦兼甘，气温无毒。甘能解毒，苦能泄热，温
能祛风除湿，所以外贴疮毒，长肉杀虫，内服逐诸风，主恶痹，安五脏，除伏热，总祛
风散湿则有功，血虚有火切忌。
松脂，阳脂补阳，阴脂补阴，照方制炼，如五加、茯苓、柏实、甘菊为丸，酒
吞，或为单服，逐诸风，安五脏，除伏热胃脘，解消渴咽喉，轻身延年通神，熬膏贴疮
毒长肉，作散治齿痛杀虫。实，味甘气温性和无毒，精不足者补之以味，形不足者温之
以气，味甘气温故主少气虚羸，兼驱风痹，久服延年轻身，惟此足以当之。花虽轻身益
气，发热上焦。节性温，乃松之骨也。质坚气劲，以类相从，故功专于肢节，舒筋止肢
节之痛，去湿搜骨内之风，燥血中之湿，却
脚痹软症， 节诸风，渍酒可服。叶味苦温，能生毛发，捣烂敷风湿疮毒，悬挂辟瘟疫气。
主治（痘疹合参） 松花善掺诸痘疮伤损，及湿料烂不痂。
禀至阴之气，得清寒之性，味苦，性寒，无毒。入足少阴肾经，阴虚内热之要
药。以至阴之气，补至阴之不足也。然实热阳强之症则有功，虚热阳虚之症所切忌。入
剂宜蜜浸一宿，炙黄，若入肾经药，宜盐酒浸透，炒褐色。若入口疳敷药，晒燥不见火。
黄柏，使下焦湿热散行，泻阴伏龙火，除骨蒸补肾强阴，洗肝明目，五脏肠胃中结
热，黄胆肠痔泄痢，泻相火有余，救肾水不足。得知母滋阴降火，为治痨之需；得苍术
除湿清热，为治痿之要。口疮虫疥，并堪敷治。肠风连下血者殊功，热痢先见血者神
效，膀胱中结热，女人带漏阴伤蚀疮，然云补阴者，以火退而阴长，非有补功也，况实
火可治，虚火宜补，人非此火，不能有生，用此以泻火者，是伤其生气也，惟湿热实热
暂用之。若肾虚脾薄之人，所当痛绝也。
主治（痘疹合参） 宜酒制炒，用主五脏，肠胃中结热，目痛口疮，泻膀胱热。清
小便，降相火，入肾定燥，解诸毒瓦斯，然痘疮中非常用也，脾虚泻泄者切忌。
按∶黄柏性寒，行隆冬肃杀之令，故独入少阴，泻有余之相火。必尺中洪大，按之
有力，可炒黑暂用。昔人称其补阴者，非其性也，盖热去则阴不受伤耳，利于实热而不
利于虚热耳。奈今天下不问虚实，竟以为去热治劳之妙药，而不知阴寒之性，能伤人
气，减人食，命门真元之火一见而消亡。脾胃营运之职一见而阻丧。元气既虚又用苦
寒，遏绝生机，莫此为甚。
感天太阳之气，得地火土之化，故味苦兼甘，气温无毒。
松脂感受天的太阳之气，获得地的火与土的化育，所以味道苦而兼甘，药性温，无毒。
甘能解毒，苦能泄热，温能祛风除湿，所以外贴疮毒，长肉杀虫，内服逐诸风，主恶痹，安五脏，除伏热，总祛风散湿则有功，血虚有火切忌。
甘味能解百毒，苦味能清泄热邪，温性能祛除风邪并燥湿，因此外用贴敷可治疮疡毒肿，促进肌肉生长并杀虫；内服可驱逐各种风邪，主治严重的痹证，安定五脏，清除潜伏的热邪。总体而言，它在祛风散湿方面有功效，但血虚且有内火者严禁使用。
松脂，阳脂补阳，阴脂补阴，照方制炼，如五加、茯苓、柏实、甘菊为丸，酒吞，或为单服，逐诸风，安五脏，除伏热胃脘，解消渴咽喉，轻身延年通神，熬膏贴疮毒长肉，作散治齿痛杀虫。
松脂分为阳脂和阴脂，阳脂能补阳气，阴脂能补阴气。按照处方进行炮制，例如配合五加皮、茯苓、柏子仁、甘菊花制成丸剂，用酒送服，或者单独服用，可以驱逐各种风邪，安定五脏，清除胃脘部的潜伏热邪，缓解口渴和咽喉不适，使人身体轻便、延年益寿、精神通达。熬成膏剂外贴可治疮毒、促进生肌；研成散剂可治牙痛、杀虫。
实，味甘气温性和无毒，精不足者补之以味，形不足者温之以气，味甘气温故主少气虚羸，兼驱风痹，久服延年轻身，惟此足以当之。花虽轻身益气，发热上焦。节性温，乃松之骨也。质坚气劲，以类相从，故功专于肢节，舒筋止肢节之痛，去湿搜骨内之风，燥血中之湿，却脚痹软症， 节诸风，渍酒可服。叶味苦温，能生毛发，捣烂敷风湿疮毒，悬挂辟瘟疫气。
（注：此处原文“实”指松实/松子，“节”指松节，“花”指松花，“叶”指松针）
松实味道甘、药性温，平和且无毒。精髓不足的人可以用其厚味来滋补，形体虚弱的人可以用其温气来温养。因为味甘性温，所以主治气短、身体虚弱消瘦，兼能驱除风痹，长期服用可延年益寿、身体轻便，只有它足以担当此任。松花虽然能轻身益气，但易引起上焦发热。松节药性温，是松树的主干骨骼部分。质地坚硬，气机强劲，根据同类相求的原理，所以功效专门作用于四肢关节，能舒展筋骨、停止关节疼痛，去除湿气、搜剔骨内的风邪，燥化血液中的湿气，消除下肢痹证软弱无力等症状，治疗各种风邪，浸泡在酒中可服用。松叶味道苦温，能促进头发生长，捣烂后外敷可治风湿疮毒，悬挂起来可辟除瘟疫之气。
主治（痘疹合参） 松花善掺诸痘疮伤损，及湿料烂不痂。
【主治】（结合痘疹病症参考）松花善于撒敷在各种痘疮损伤处，以及因湿气浸淫导致溃烂、结不了痂的伤口。
禀至阴之气，得清寒之性，味苦，性寒，无毒。入足少阴肾经，阴虚内热之要药。以至阴之气，补至阴之不足也。然实热阳强之症则有功，虚热阳虚之症所切忌。入剂宜蜜浸一宿，炙黄，若入肾经药，宜盐酒浸透，炒褐色。若入口疳敷药，晒燥不见火。
黄柏秉承至极阴的气，具有清寒的性质，味道苦，药性寒，无毒。归入足少阴肾经，是治疗阴虚内热的关键药物。它以极阴之气，来补充至阴的不足。然而，对于实热、阳气亢盛的病症它有疗效，但对于虚热、阳气虚弱的病症则严禁使用。入药方时，宜用蜂蜜浸泡一夜，然后炙烤至黄色；如果是作为入肾经的药物，宜用盐水酒浸泡透彻，炒至褐色；如果是用于口腔疳积的外敷药，只需晒干至干燥即可，不可见火。
黄柏，使下焦湿热散行，泻阴伏龙火，除骨蒸补肾强阴，洗肝明目，五脏肠胃中结热，黄胆肠痔泄痢，泻相火有余，救肾水不足。得知母滋阴降火，为治痨之需；得苍术除湿清热，为治痿之要。口疮虫疥，并堪敷治。肠风连下血者殊功，热痢先见血者神效，膀胱中结热，女人带漏阴伤蚀疮，然云补阴者，以火退而阴长，非有补功也，况实火可治，虚火宜补，人非此火，不能有生，用此以泻火者，是伤其生气也，惟湿热实热暂用之。若肾虚脾薄之人，所当痛绝也。
黄柏能使下焦的湿热消散运行，清泻阴分潜伏的龙雷之火，清除骨蒸潮热，补肾并增强阴液，清洗肝脏并明目，治疗五脏和肠胃中的郁结热邪，黄疸、肠道痔疮、腹泻痢疾，清泻相火的有余，挽救肾水的不足。如果配伍知母以滋阴降火，是治疗虚劳病的需要；如果配伍苍术以除湿清热，是治疗痿证的关键。口腔溃疡、虫咬疥癣，都可以用它外敷治疗。对于肠风便血连续不止的情况有特殊功效，对于热痢初起见血的情况有神奇效果，治疗膀胱中的郁结热邪，妇女白带淋漓、阴部损伤蚀疮等。然而所谓它能“补阴”，是因为火热退去后阴液得以生长，并非它本身有直接的补益作用。况且实火可以清泻，虚火应当温补，人如果没有命门真火就不能生存，使用黄柏来泻火，实际上是伤害了人的生机，只适用于湿热和实热证暂时使用。如果是肾虚、脾胃薄弱的人，应当坚决避免使用。
主治（痘疹合参） 宜酒制炒，用主五脏，肠胃中结热，目痛口疮，泻膀胱热。清小便，降相火，入肾定燥，解诸毒瓦斯，然痘疮中非常用也，脾虚泻泄者切忌。
【主治】（结合痘疹病症参考）宜用酒炒制，主要用于五脏、肠胃中的郁结热邪，眼睛疼痛、口腔溃疡，清泻膀胱热邪。通利小便，降低相火，入肾经以定燥，解除各种毒气。然而在痘疮治疗中不是常用药，脾胃虚弱导致腹泻者严禁使用。
按∶黄柏性寒，行隆冬肃杀之令，故独入少阴，泻有余之相火。必尺中洪大，按之有力，可炒黑暂用。昔人称其补阴者，非其性也，盖热去则阴不受伤耳，利于实热而不利于虚热耳。奈今天下不问虚实，竟以为去热治劳之妙药，而不知阴寒之性，能伤人气，减人食，命门真元之火一见而消亡。脾胃营运之职一见而阻丧。元气既虚又用苦寒，遏绝生机，莫此为甚。
【按语】：黄柏药性寒凉，行使如隆冬般肃杀的命令，所以唯独归入少阴经，清泻有余的相火。必须诊察到尺脉洪大，重按有力，才可以炒黑后暂时使用。过去的人称它能补阴，这不是它的本性，而是因为热邪去除后阴液不受损伤罢了，它有利于实热证而不利于虚热证。无奈当今世人不分虚实，竟然把它当作清热治疗虚劳的妙药，却不知道其阴寒的性质，会损伤人的正气，减少食欲，命门的真元之火一旦遇到它就会消亡。脾胃运化的功能一旦遇到它就会受阻丧失。元气已经虚弱，又使用苦寒药物，遏制断绝生机，没有比这更严重的了。
Gansongzhi (Pine Resin) is influenced by the Taiyang Qi of Heaven and obtains the transformation of Fire and Earth from the ground; therefore, its taste is bitter with a hint of sweet, its nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. Sweetness can detoxify, bitterness can drain heat, and warmth can dispel wind and dry dampness. Thus, when applied externally to sores and toxins, it promotes flesh growth and kills parasites; when taken internally, it expels various winds, treats severe Bi syndrome (painful obstruction), stabilizes the Zang organs, eliminates latent heat, and is effective in dispelling wind and drying dampness. However, it is strictly contraindicated for those with blood deficiency and internal fire.
Pine resin is categorized into Yang resin, which tonifies Yang, and Yin resin, which tonifies Yin. Prepared according to prescriptions, such as forming pills with Eucommiae Cortex (Wujia), Poria (Fuling), Platycladi Semen (Baishi), and Chrysanthemi Flos (Ganju), taken with wine, or used alone, it expels various winds, stabilizes the Zang organs, clears latent heat in the epigastrium, relieves thirst and throat discomfort, lightens the body, prolongs life, and enhances spiritual clarity. Boiled into a paste for external application, it treats sores and toxins and promotes tissue regeneration; made into powder, it treats toothache and kills parasites.
The nut (Songshi) has a sweet taste and warm nature, is mild and non-toxic. For those lacking essence, it tonifies through its flavor; for those lacking form, it warms through its Qi. Due to its sweet taste and warm nature, it treats shortness of breath, emaciation, and weakness, and also drives out wind-Bi. Long-term use prolongs life and lightens the body; only this part fully deserves such praise. The flower (Songhua), while lightening the body and benefiting Qi, may cause heat in the Upper Jiao. The joint (Songjie) has a warm nature and represents the bone of the pine. Its texture is hard and its Qi is vigorous; following the principle of similarity, its action focuses on the limbs and joints, relaxing tendons, stopping joint pain, removing dampness, searching out wind within the bones, drying dampness in the blood, alleviating lower limb Bi syndrome and weakness, treating various winds, and can be taken after soaking in wine. The leaf (Songye) has a bitter and warm nature, promotes hair growth, and when mashed and applied, treats wind-damp sores and toxins; hanging it repels epidemic qi.
[Indications] (Referencing Smallpox and Rash): Pine flower is excellent for dusting on damaged smallpox lesions and moist, rotting wounds that fail to scab.
Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) inherits the most Yin Qi and possesses a clear, cold nature. It tastes bitter, is cold in nature, and non-toxic. It enters the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and is a key herb for treating Yin deficiency with internal heat. Using its extreme Yin nature, it supplements the insufficiency of extreme Yin. However, it is effective for excess heat and Yang hyperactivity syndromes but strictly contraindicated for deficiency heat and Yang deficiency syndromes. When preparing for decoction, it should be soaked in honey overnight and roasted until yellow. If intended for the Kidney meridian, soak thoroughly in salted wine and stir-fry until brown. If used for oral ganoderma or topical applications, dry it in the sun without exposing it to fire.
Huangbai disperses and moves damp-heat in the Lower Jiao, drains latent Dragon Fire in the Yin, removes bone-steaming fever, tonifies the Kidney and strengthens Yin, cleanses the Liver and brightens the eyes, treats accumulated heat in the five Zang organs and intestines/stomach, jaundice, intestinal hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and dysentery. It drains excessive Ministerial Fire and rescues insufficient Kidney Water. Paired with Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu) to nourish Yin and descend fire, it is necessary for treating consumption (Lao). Paired with Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Cangzhu) to dry dampness and clear heat, it is essential for treating flaccidity syndrome (Wei). It can be applied topically for mouth ulcers, worm infestations, and scabies. It shows special merit for continuous bleeding from intestinal wind and miraculous effects for dysentery with initial blood presence. It treats accumulated heat in the bladder, leukorrhea, vaginal discharge, yin injury, and erosive sores in women. Regarding the claim that it "tonifies Yin," this is because as fire recedes, Yin grows; it does not have direct tonifying properties. Moreover, excess fire can be drained, but deficiency fire should be supplemented. Without this vital fire, human life cannot exist; using Huangbai to drain fire actually damages the generating Qi. It should only be used temporarily for damp-heat and excess heat. It must be strictly avoided in patients with Kidney deficiency and thin Spleen Qi.
[Indications] (Referencing Smallpox and Rash): Should be processed with wine and stir-fried. It mainly treats accumulated heat in the five Zang organs and intestines/stomach, eye pain, mouth ulcers, and drains bladder heat. It clears urine, descends Ministerial Fire, enters the Kidney to settle dryness, and resolves various toxic vapors. However, it is not commonly used in smallpox treatment and is strictly contraindicated for those with Spleen deficiency and diarrhea.
Commentary: Huangbai is cold in nature, executing the肃杀 (severe/clearing) command of deep winter, thus entering exclusively the Shaoyin meridian to drain excess Ministerial Fire. It can be used (roasted black) temporarily only if the Chi pulse at the wrist is surging and forceful upon pressure. Ancients claimed it tonifies Yin, but this is not its nature; rather, heat removal prevents Yin damage. It benefits excess heat but harms deficiency heat. Regrettably, people today ignore the distinction between excess and deficiency, regarding it as a miraculous drug for clearing heat and treating consumption, unaware that its Yin-cold nature damages Qi, reduces appetite, extinguishes the true Yuan fire of the Mingmen, and obstructs the transport functions of the Spleen and Stomach. When Yuan Qi is already deficient, using bitter-cold herbs to suppress and cut off the source of vitality is the most severe harm.