禀金水之气以生，故味苦，辛，微寒，无毒，阴也。入足厥阴经。夫恶疮痔漏，皆
因血热瘀滞，而成金刀杖疮，亦皆血肉受伤。而致此药，苦能泄辛能散，寒能除热。
水属阴，血以类相从，故能入阴分，而散瘀血。及治血热诸疮也。孕妇忌服，血虚腹疼
痈疽已溃，并宜忌之，制法同乳香。
没药，散血止痛，一切金疮杖疮，恶疮痔 ，损伤瘀血肿痛，及产后心腹血气刺
痛。然乳香能活血去风伸筋，没药能散瘀去腐，皆能止痛生肌者，令血勿凝泣也。产后
恶露去多，及痈疽已溃者，并忌之。
主治（痘疹合参） 治痘余毒成痈，破血理气，止痛而不主虚也。
禀天地春生之气，兼得木之酸味，微温而无毒。入足厥阴、足少阴经，所以专入肝
肾，能生精益髓，并助闭藏之司敛。风木之动，以治内风也。宜去核，酒润蒸，晒干用。
山茱，温肝补肾，益髓固精，暖腰膝，兴阳道，长阴茎，肝肾之药，安五脏，通九
窍，结小便明目，肠胃风邪寒热疝瘕。头风风气去来，小便淋沥遗尿，鼻塞目黄耳聋面
，温中下气出汗强阴，涩司去脱，遗滑之要药也。
按∶山茱萸，味浓固精，味酸滋肝，性温而润，故于水木多功，夫温暖之剂，方有
益于元阳，故四时之令春生而秋杀，万物之
性，喜暖而恶寒，肾肝居至阴之地，非阳和之气，则阴何以生乎？山茱正人二
经，气温而主补，味酸而主敛，故精气益而腰膝强也。惟小便不利，强阳不痿者勿用。
（没药）禀受金、水二气而生，所以味道苦、辛，性微寒，无毒，属阴。归入足厥阴肝经。恶疮、痔疮、瘘管，都是因为血热瘀滞所致；金刃刀伤、杖打之伤，也都是血肉受伤。因此使用此药，苦味能泄降，辛味能发散，寒性能清除热邪。水属阴，血与同类相从，所以能进入阴分，消散瘀血，从而治疗血热引起的各种疮疡。孕妇忌服，血虚腹痛者、痈疽已经溃破者，也都应当禁忌。炮制方法同乳香。
没药，能散血止痛，适用于一切金刃创伤、杖打伤痕、恶疮、痔疮、损伤导致的瘀血肿痛，以及产后心腹部气血刺痛。然而乳香能活血祛风、舒筋活络，没药能散瘀去腐，两者都能止痛生肌，其原理在于使血液不致凝涩。产后恶露排出过多者，以及痈疽已经溃破者，都应当禁忌。
主治（参考《痘疹合参》）：治疗痘疹余毒形成的痈肿，破血理气，止痛，但不适用于虚证。
（山茱萸）禀受天地春季生发之气，兼得木的酸味，性微温，无毒。归入足厥阴肝经、足少阴肾经，所以专门入肝肾二经，能生精补髓，并辅助封藏的功能以收敛固摄。针对风木之动，用于治疗内风。宜去除果核，用酒润湿后蒸熟，晒干使用。
山茱萸，温补肝肾，益精填髓，固摄精气，温暖腰膝，兴阳道，增长阴茎，是肝肾的药物，能安五脏，通九窍，收敛小便，明目，治疗肠胃风邪、寒热、疝气、瘕积。治疗头风风气往来不定，小便淋漓、遗尿，鼻塞、目黄、耳聋、面赤，温中下气，发汗，强阴，是涩肠止脱、治疗遗精滑泄的重要药物。
按语：山茱萸，气味浓厚而固精，味酸而滋肝，性温而润，所以对水（肾）、木（肝）多有功效。凡是温暖的药剂，才有益于元阳。所以四季的气候规律是春生秋杀，万物的本性是喜暖恶寒。肾和肝居于至阴之地，如果没有阳和之气，阴气如何能化生呢？山茱萸正入这两条经脉，气温而主补，味酸而主敛，所以精气得以增益，腰膝得以强健。只有小便不利、阳强不倒（阳痿但勃起异常或亢进）者不要使用。
(Moyao, Resin of Commiphora) Born from the Qi of Metal and Water, its taste is bitter and pungent, nature is slightly cold, non-toxic, and belongs to Yin. It enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Malignant sores, hemorrhoids, and fistulas all arise from blood heat and stasis; injuries from metal blades or beating also involve damage to flesh and blood. Therefore, this herb is used: bitterness can drain, pungency can disperse, and coldness can eliminate heat. Water belongs to Yin, and blood follows similar categories; thus, it can enter the Yin aspect and dissipate blood stasis, thereby treating various sores caused by blood heat. Pregnant women should avoid taking it. Those with blood deficiency and abdominal pain, as well as those with carbuncles and ulcers that have already ulcerated, should also strictly avoid it. The processing method is the same as for Ru Xiang (Frankincense).
Moyao disperses blood and relieves pain. It is suitable for all metal-blade wounds, beating injuries, malignant sores, hemorrhoids, trauma-induced blood stasis causing swelling and pain, as well as stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen due to blood and Qi disorders after childbirth. However, while Ru Xiang (Boswelliae Carthartici Resina) invigorates blood, expels wind, and extends tendons, Moyao dissipates stasis and removes putrefaction. Both can relieve pain and generate flesh, their mechanism lying in preventing blood coagulation and stagnation. Those with excessive lochia discharge after childbirth, and those with ulcerated carbuncles and ulcers, must avoid it.
Main Indications (referencing *Dou Zhen He Can*): Treats carbuncles formed from residual toxins of smallpox/rashes. It breaks blood and regulates Qi, relieves pain, but is not indicated for deficiency patterns.
(Shanzhuyu, Fructus Corni Officinalis) Endowed with the Spring-generating Qi of Heaven and Earth, and possessing the sour taste of Wood, its nature is slightly warm and non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Thus, it specifically targets the Liver and Kidney, generating essence and replenishing marrow, assisting the function of closure and storage to astringe. Addressing the movement of Wind-Wood, it treats internal wind. The pits should be removed; moisten with wine, steam, dry in the sun, and use.
Shanzhuyu warms the Liver and tonifies the Kidney, benefits marrow, secures essence, warms the waist and knees, promotes Yang function, enlarges the penis, and acts on the Liver and Kidney. It calms the five Zang organs, opens the nine orifices, constricts urination, brightens the eyes, and treats wind pathogens in the intestines and stomach, cold-heat alternations, hernia, and mass formations. It treats wandering head wind, dribbling urine, enuresis, nasal congestion, yellow eyes, deafness, facial redness, warms the middle, directs Qi downward, induces sweating, strengthens Yin, and is a key astringent herb for treating prolapse and leakage (such as spermatorrhea).
Note: Shanzhuyu has strong flavors that secure essence and a sour taste that nourishes the Liver. Its nature is warm and moistening, thus benefiting Water (Kidney) and Wood (Liver). Warm formulas benefit Yuan Yang. The seasonal cycle is spring generation and autumn killing; the nature of all things prefers warmth and dislikes cold. The Kidney and Liver reside in the realm of extreme Yin; without Yang-warming Qi, how can Yin be generated? Shanzhuyu enters these two meridians; its temperature is warm and main action is tonification, its taste is sour and main action is astringency. Thus, essence increases, and waist and knees become strong. It should not be used in cases of difficult urination or persistent erection without flaccidity (Yang excess/stagnation).