禀戊午土之阳气，得风木之阴气，而枫根之余气以成，故味甘淡兼苦，气平，无
毒。入足太阳、足少阴经。以淡渗之性，为利水除湿之需。多服损肾耗津，无湿者忌用之。
猪苓，入膀胱、肾，通淋利小便，除湿消肿满，行水之功多，主 疟者，亦以能利
暑湿之气也。利水诸剂，无若此快然能燥亡津液，无湿症者忌用，久尝损肾昏目。
主治（痘疹合参） 淡渗除湿，痘烂小便涩者宜之。然消水固能燥脾，水尽亦走真
气，每同泽泻并用，盖苓性燥，泽性润，苓治火易损元气，泽治水能生肾气，一燥一
润，和乎中和，不能为害矣。然多服终属耗阴损肾，无湿症者不可用。
禀地二之气以生，故微辛、微苦、气温，无毒。入足阳明、少阴经。所以上治阳
明所受，下治膀胱与肾所生之病也。
乌药，走肾胃诸冷，诸气作痛，翻胃食积作胀，膀胱肾间冷气，小儿腹中诸虫，女
人血气凝滞，一切中恶心腹绞痛，蛊毒疰忤鬼气，宿食不消，七情郁结，猫犬有病，磨
水灌效。气血虚而内热者，勿服。
主治（痘疹合参） 发表中可用，匀气内亦加，只可治有余，不可治不足。
得天地之阳气，地之金味，故味辛，苦，气温，无毒。入手足阳明经，故能消化
羁留，而下肠胃有形之物耳。夫足阳明为水谷之海，手阳明为使道之官，二经相为贯
输，以运化精微者也，二经病。则痰癖虫积生焉，辛能破滞，苦能杀虫，故主治如神
耳。气虚诸症所切忌焉。
槟榔，逐水谷。除痰癖，止心疼，杀三虫，破积滞，辟瘴疟，堕诸气，治后重，专
破滞气下行，泄胸中至高之气。苦辛气温，性最重堕，善破有形之结滞，易伤元气而伐
真阴，故即疟疾肠癖，非初起有余者不可轻用。
主治（痘疹合参） 痘家利药中暂用，以能堕诸药，至于极下，故香港脚门用之也。
然似痢非痢贯脓，痘后虚症忌之。
按∶槟榔下气，性如铁石，故破滞而治后重如神，岭表多食槟榔，盖瘴 之作率因
食积，此能消食下气故也。南方地温，腠肤不密，食之脏腑疏泄，一旦病瘴，而不可
救，岂非伐气之祸欤！若气虚下陷，似痢非痢者尤禁之。
【猪苓】
禀受戊午土之阳气，获得风木之阴气，并凭借枫树根部的余气而生成，因此味道甘、淡兼苦，气性平，无毒。归入足太阳膀胱经和足少阴肾经。以其淡味渗湿的特性，作为利水除湿的需要。多服用会损伤肾脏、耗伤津液，体内无湿邪者忌用。
猪苓，归入膀胱经和肾经，能通淋利小便，除湿消除肿胀满闷，行水的作用很大。主治疟疾，也是因为它能够利除暑湿之气。在各类利水方剂中，没有比它更迅速的了，但它也能燥烈而亡失津液，体内无湿症者忌用，长期服用会损伤肾脏、导致视力昏花。
主治（《痘疹合参》）：淡渗除湿，对于痘疮溃烂且小便涩滞者适宜。然而，消水利尿固然能燥脾，但若水湿尽去也会走泄真气，通常与泽泻并用。因为茯苓（此处原文作“苓”，结合语境及后文“苓性燥”推测指代猪苓或泛指此类利水药，但根据前文猪苓论述，此处应指猪苓，不过传统中医常将猪苓与泽泻配伍，且猪苓性平偏凉，泽泻性寒，原文说“苓性燥”可能有误或特指某种炮制或理解，但在翻译时忠实于原文逻辑：猪苓性燥，泽泻性润）性燥，泽泻性润；猪苓治火容易损伤元气，泽泻治水能生肾气，一燥一润，符合中和之道，就不会造成危害了。然而多服用终究属于耗伤阴液、损伤肾脏，体内无湿症者不可使用。
【乌药】
禀受地二之气而生，因此微辛、微苦，气性温，无毒。归入足阳明胃经和足少阴肾经。所以上面治疗阳明经受邪所致疾病，下面治疗膀胱与肾所生的疾病。
乌药，能驱散肾、胃诸般冷证，各种气机阻滞引起的疼痛，反胃食积导致的胀满，膀胱与肾之间的冷气，小儿腹中的各种寄生虫，妇女气血凝滞，一切突发的恶心腹痛绞痛，蛊毒、疰忤鬼气（指传染病或精神异常类疾病），宿食不消化，七情郁结，猫犬生病时，磨成水灌服有效。气血虚弱而有内热者，不要服用。
主治（《痘疹合参》）：发表（解表）中可以使用，调理内部气机时也可加入，只可治疗实证有余，不可治疗虚证不足。
【槟榔】
禀受天地之阳气，以及地的金之味，因此味道辛、苦，气性温，无毒。归入手阳明大肠经和足阳明胃经，因此能消化滞留之物，而下导肠胃中有形之积滞。足阳明胃为水谷之海，手阳明大肠为使道之官，这两条经脉相互贯通输送，以运化精微物质。如果这两条经脉发病，就会产生痰癖、虫积等病症。辛味能破滞气，苦味能杀虫，所以主治效果如神一般灵验。气虚的各种症状是绝对禁忌的。
槟榔，能驱逐水谷积滞，消除痰癖，止心痛，杀灭三虫（蛔虫、蛲虫、绦虫等），破除积滞，辟除瘴疟之气，降下诸般气机，治疗里急后重，专门破除滞气下行，宣泄胸中至高之气。味苦辛，气性温，性质最沉重下降，善于破除有形的结滞，容易损伤元气并伐害真阴，所以即使是疟疾、肠癖，如果不是初起实证有余者，不可轻易使用。
主治（《痘疹合参》）：在治疗痘疮的药物中暂时使用，因为它能带动其他药物直达极下部位，所以在香港脚门（治疗脚气的门类）中使用它。然而，如果是似痢非痢、便脓血的情况，痘后虚证者忌用。
按语：槟榔下气，性质如铁石般坚硬，所以破除滞气和治疗里急后重效果如神。岭南地区的人多吃槟榔，大概是因为瘴气的发作往往由于食积，槟榔能消食下气，所以适用。南方气候温暖，腠理皮肤不紧密，食用槟榔会使脏腑疏泄过度，一旦患上瘴气病，就不可救治了，这难道不是伐伤元气的祸患吗！如果是气虚下陷，似痢非痢的情况，尤其禁止使用。
[Polyporus]
It inherits the Yang Qi of Wu-Wu Earth, obtains the Yin Qi of Wind-Wood, and is formed by the residual Qi of maple roots. Therefore, its taste is sweet, bland, and slightly bitter; its nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. With its bland and permeating nature, it serves the need for promoting urination and eliminating dampness. Overconsumption damages the Kidneys and depletes body fluids; those without dampness should avoid using it.
Polyporus (Zhu Ling) enters the Bladder and Kidney meridians, unblocks strangury, promotes urination, eliminates dampness to reduce swelling and fullness, and has a significant water-moving effect. Its indication for malaria is also due to its ability to drain summerheat-dampness. Among various diuretic formulas, none acts as swiftly as this one, but it can also dry out and deplete body fluids. Those without damp syndromes should avoid it; long-term use damages the Kidneys and causes blurred vision.
Main Indications (from *Dou Zhen He Can*): Bland permeation to eliminate dampness; suitable for cases where chickenpox/smallpox lesions are ulcerated and urination is obstructed. However, while draining water can dry the Spleen, if all water is drained, it may also leak True Qi. It is usually used in combination with Alisma (Ze Xie). Since Polyporus is drying and Alisma is moistening: Polyporus treating fire may easily damage Original Qi, whereas Alisma treating water can generate Kidney Qi. One is drying, one is moistening, harmonizing with the Mean, thus causing no harm. Nevertheless, overconsumption ultimately consumes Yin and damages the Kidneys; those without damp syndromes must not use it.
[Lindera]
It is born inheriting the Qi of Earth-2, therefore its taste is slightly pungent and slightly bitter, its nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and the Shaoyin Meridian. Thus, it treats above conditions caused by Yangming pathogenic factors, and below conditions arising from the Bladder and Kidney.
Lindera (Wu Yao) disperses cold in the Kidney and Stomach, addresses pain caused by various Qi stagnations, regurgitation, food accumulation leading to distension, cold Qi between the Bladder and Kidney, various intestinal parasites in children, blood and Qi stagnation in women, sudden onset of nausea, abdominal colic, gu poison, zhu-wu ghost qi (infectious or psychosomatic disorders), undigested old food, emotional depression, and when cats or dogs are ill, grinding it into water for administration is effective. Those with Qi and Blood deficiency accompanied by internal heat should not take it.
Main Indications (from *Dou Zhen He Can*): Can be used in exterior-releasing methods; can also be added to regulate internal Qi. It only treats excess syndromes and cannot treat deficiency syndromes.
[Areca Seed]
It inherits the Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth, and the Metal flavor of Earth. Therefore, its taste is pungent and bitter, its nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. Thus, it can digest retained pathogens and descend有形 (solid) accumulations in the intestines and stomach. The Foot-Yangming Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain; the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine is the Official of Transmission. These two meridians interconnect and transport to transform fine nutrients. When these two meridians are diseased, phlegm-stasis and parasite accumulations arise. Pungency breaks stagnation, bitterness kills parasites; hence, its therapeutic effect is miraculous. It is strictly contraindicated for various symptoms of Qi deficiency.
Areca Seed (Bing Lang) expels water and grain retention, eliminates phlegm-stasis, stops heart pain, kills three types of parasites, breaks up accumulations, wards off miasma-malaria, descends various Qi mechanisms, treats tenesmus, specifically breaks stagnant Qi to move downward, and vents the highest Qi in the chest. Bitter, pungent, and warm in nature, its property is heaviest in descending. It excels at breaking solid stagnations but easily damages Original Qi and attacks True Yin. Therefore, even for malaria or intestinal dysentery, it should not be lightly used unless it is an initial excess syndrome.
Main Indications (from *Dou Zhen He Can*): Used temporarily among medicines for treating smallpox/chickenpox because it can drive other medicines to the lowest extremities; hence, it is used in the section on Hong Kong Foot (Beriberi/Edema). However, for conditions resembling dysentery but not true dysentery with pus/blood, and for post-smallpox deficiency syndromes, it is contraindicated.
Commentary: Areca Seed directs Qi downward; its nature is hard like iron and stone, so it breaks stagnation and treats tenesmus miraculously. People in Lingnan eat much Areca Seed, likely because miasma often arises from food retention, and Areca Seed can digest food and direct Qi downward. Southern regions are warm, and the pores/skin are not tight. Consuming Areca Seed causes excessive venting of the Zang-Fu organs. If one contracts miasma disease suddenly, it becomes incurable. Is this not the disaster of damaging Qi? For cases of Qi deficiency with sinking, resembling dysentery but not true dysentery, it is especially prohibited.