《腹中论》曰∶何以知怀子之且生也？伯曰∶身有病而无邪脉也。（言怀子之将生者，身虽经
闭，而脉则无病也。身有病者，经闭也。无邪脉者，尺中之脉和匀也。凡妇人怀妊三月，则阴阳之精尚未变
化，三月则精气正变，其气熏蒸，冲胃而为恶阻。三四月则恶阻少止，脉甚滑疾，盖男女正成
形质，其气末定也。五六月以后则形质已定，男女既分，及八九十月，其脉平和，如无妊然。非医工非
明脉理，病家肯明言者，虽以诊而知也。《脉诀》云∶滑疾不散，胎三月；但疾而散五月至六月；
已后则疾速亦无矣。然亦有始终，洪数不变者，其气甚盛，不可以一例拘也。）
《痹论篇》曰∶痹，其时有死者，或疼脉久者，或易已者，其故何也？伯曰∶其入脏者，死。其流连
筋骨间者，疼久。其流皮肤间者，易已。（入脏者，死。以神去也。筋骨疼久，以其定也。皮肤易已，
以浮越也。由斯深浅，故有不同。）营者，水谷之精气也，和调于五脏，洒陈于六腑，乃能入于
脉也。（《正理论》曰∶谷入于胃，脉道乃行，水入于经，其血乃成。）故循脉上下，贯五脏络六
腑也。（营行脉内，故无所不至。）卫者，
水谷之捍气也。其气 疾滑利，不能入于脉也。（捍气，谓浮盛之气也。以其浮盛之气，故 疾滑利，
不能入于脉中也。）故循皮肤之中，分肉之间，熏于盲膜，散于胸腹，（皮肤之中，分肉之间，谓脉
外也。盲膜，谓五脏之间，膈中膜也。以其浮盛，故能布散于胸腹之中，空虚之处，熏其盲膜，令气
宣通也。）逆其气则病，从其气则愈，不与风寒湿气和，故不为痹。（夫营卫之所行者，如此必逆，
营卫之气则病，而顺营卫之气则愈。则此营工者，乃气也。非筋、骨、肌，皮、脉与五脏六腑之有形
者也。不与风寒湿三气相合者也，故营卫在人不为痹也。）痹或痛，或不痛，或不仁，或寒，或热，或
燥，或湿，其故何也？痛者，寒气多也，有寒故痛也。其不痛不仁者，病久入深，营卫之行涩，经络时
疏，故不痛。皮肤不营，故为不仁。（不仁者，皮顽不知有无也。）其寒者，阳气少，阴气多，与病
相益故寒也。（病本生于风寒湿气，故阴气益之也。）其热者，阳气多，阴气少，病气盛，阳
遭阴，故为痹热。（阴气不胜故为热。）其多汗而濡者，此其逢湿甚也。阳气少阴气盛，两气相感，
故汗出而濡也。言痹之所以痛者，以其寒气多也，有寒故痛也。故曰∶其寒气胜者，为痛痹也。痹之
所以不痛者，以病久则邪气日深，营卫之行涩，经络之脉有时而疏，故亦不为痛也。痹之所以不
仁者，以其皮肤之中少气血以为之，营运故皮顽不动，而为不仁也。痹之所以体寒者，以卫气少、
营气多，惟营气多则与病气相益，故寒冷也。痹之所以体热者，以卫气多营气少，故邪气盛，则
风气为阳，阳与营气相遭，而阴气不能胜之，故为痹热也。痹之所以为湿者，以其与湿甚也。卫
气少，营气多，两因相感，故汗出而湿也。痹之所以燥者，虽未之言而即湿者，以反观之，则卫
气多，营气少，遇热太甚，两阳相感，则可以知其为燥也。）夫痹之为病不痛何也？痹在于骨则重，
在于脉则血凝而不流，在于筋则屈不伸，在于肉则不仁，在皮则寒，故具此五者，则不痛也。凡痹之类，逢
寒则虫，逢热则纵，（虫，谓皮中如虫行。纵，谓纵缓不相就。）
《腹中论》说：怎样知道孕妇快要分娩了呢？岐伯回答说：身体有妊娠的症状（如停经），但脉象没有病态。（意思是，将要分娩的孕妇，虽然出现停经这一“有病”的表现，但脉象却是平和无病的。所谓“身有病”，指的是停经；所谓“无邪脉”，指的是尺部脉搏和缓均匀。大凡妇女怀孕三个月时，阴阳精气尚未发生显著变化；到了三个月时，精气开始转化，气机熏蒸，冲犯胃腑导致恶阻反应。三四月时，恶阻症状稍减，脉象变得非常滑利快速，这是因为男女胎儿正在形成形体，其气机尚未稳定。五六月以后，胎儿形体已定，性别已分，等到八九十月，脉象平和，就像没有怀孕一样。如果不是精通医理、善于诊脉的医生，以及能够坦诚告知病情的患者，即使通过诊察也难以知晓。《脉诀》说：脉象滑利快速而不散乱，是怀孕三个月；如果脉象快而散乱，则是五到六个月；在此之后，脉象的快速特征也就消失了。然而也有始终洪数不变的，那是由于孕妇气盛，不能一概而论。）
《痹论篇》说：痹证，有的会导致死亡，有的疼痛持久，有的容易治愈，这是什么原因呢？岐伯回答说：邪气侵入五脏的，会死亡。邪气流连在筋骨之间的，疼痛持久。邪气流窜在皮肤之间的，容易治愈。（侵入五脏的致死，是因为神气离散。筋骨疼痛持久，是因为病位固定。皮肤间容易治愈，是因为病位浮浅。由于病位深浅不同，所以预后也不同。）营气，是水谷化生的精气，它在五脏中调和，散布于六腑，然后才能进入脉道。（《正理论》说：食物进入胃中，脉道才能运行；水液进入经脉，血液才能生成。）所以营气循着脉道上下运行，贯通五脏，联络六腑。（营气行于脉内，所以无处不到。）卫气，是水谷化生的悍气。它性质剽疾滑利，不能进入脉道。（悍气，指浮盛刚烈的阳气。因为它是浮盛的阳气，所以运行迅速滑利，不能进入脉中。）所以卫气循行于皮肤之中，肌肉纹理之间，熏蒸于盲膜，散布于胸腹。（皮肤之中，肌肉纹理之间，是指脉外之处。盲膜，是指五脏之间、膈肌中的膜。因为它浮盛，所以能布散于胸腹之中的空虚之处，熏蒸盲膜，使气机宣通。）如果逆乱了卫气就会生病，顺应了卫气就会痊愈，如果不与风寒湿三气相合，就不会形成痹证。（既然营卫之气如此运行，一旦逆乱，营卫之气就会致病，而顺应营卫之气则病愈。这里的营卫，指的是气，而不是筋、骨、肌、皮、脉以及五脏六腑这些有形之物。如果不与风寒湿三气相合，那么营卫在人身上就不会形成痹证。）痹证有的疼痛，有的不痛，有的麻木不仁，有的发冷，有的发热，有的干燥，有的湿润，这是什么原因呢？疼痛的，是因为寒气多，有寒所以疼痛。不痛且麻木不仁的，是因为病程长久，邪气深入，营卫运行涩滞，经络时常空虚疏泄，所以不痛。皮肤得不到营气的濡养，所以麻木不仁。（麻木不仁，是指皮肤顽钝，不知痛痒有无。）发冷的，是因为阳气少，阴气多，阴气与病邪相叠加，所以感觉寒冷。（病本由风寒湿气引起，所以阴气与之相助。）发热的，是因为阳气多，阴气少，病气旺盛，阳遭遇阴，所以表现为痹热。（阴气不能制约阳气，所以发热。）多汗且湿润的，是因为逢受了严重的湿气。阳气少而阴气盛，两气相互感应，所以出汗且湿润。以上说明痹证之所以疼痛，是因为寒气多，有寒所以痛。所以说：寒气胜的，称为痛痹。痹证之所以不痛，是因为病久则邪气日益深入，营卫运行涩滞，经络有时疏泄，所以也不疼痛。痹证之所以麻木不仁，是因为皮肤之中气血不足以营运，所以皮肤顽钝不动，成为麻木不仁。痹证之所以体寒，是因为卫气少、营气多，只有营气多才会与病邪相叠加，所以感到寒冷。痹证之所以体热，是因为卫气多营气少，所以邪气盛，风气属阳，阳与营气相遇，而阴气不能制约它，所以表现为痹热。痹证之所以表现为湿，是因为与湿气严重相合。卫气少，营气多，两种因素相互感应，所以出汗且湿。痹证之所以表现为燥，虽然文中未直接言明，但从湿证反观可知，如果是卫气多、营气少，遇到热邪太甚，两阳相互感应，就可以推断其为燥证。）那么痹证为什么不痛呢？痹证在骨，则身体沉重；在脉，则血液凝滞不流动；在筋，则屈伸不利；在肉，则麻木不仁；在皮，则发冷。具备这五种情况，就不会疼痛。凡是痹证之类，逢受寒邪则肢体拘急如虫行，逢受热邪则弛缓纵不收。（虫，指皮肤中如有虫爬行的感觉。纵，指弛缓松弛，不相连接。）
The *Abdominal Discussion* (Fuzhong Lun) states: How can one know that a pregnant woman is about to give birth? Qibo replied: The body exhibits signs of pregnancy, yet the pulse shows no pathology. (This means that for a pregnant woman near delivery, although amenorrhea—a sign of "disease"—is present, the pulse remains healthy and free of pathological indicators. "Body with disease" refers to amenorrhea; "no pathological pulse" refers to a harmonious and even pulse at the Chi position. Generally, during the first three months of pregnancy, the essence and qi of yin and yang have not yet undergone significant transformation. By the third month, the essence and qi begin to transform, causing qi to steam upward and harass the stomach, leading to nausea and vomiting (morning sickness). During the fourth month, morning sickness subsides slightly, and the pulse becomes very slippery and rapid, as the male or female fetus is forming its structure, and its qi has not yet stabilized. After the fifth and sixth months, the fetal structure is established, and sexes are distinguished. By the eighth, ninth, and tenth months, the pulse becomes peaceful and calm, resembling that of a non-pregnant person. Unless it is a physician skilled in medical principles and pulse diagnosis, and a patient willing to speak frankly, even through examination, this might not be known. The *Pulse Classic* (Maijue) says: A slippery and rapid pulse that does not scatter indicates three months of pregnancy; a rapid and scattered pulse indicates five to six months; after this, the rapidity disappears. However, there are cases where the pulse remains surging and rapid throughout due to abundant qi, so one cannot apply a rigid rule.)
The *Bi Syndrome Discussion* (Bilun) states: In Bi syndrome (Arthralgia), some cases result in death, some involve prolonged pain, and some are easily cured. What is the reason? Qibo replied: If the pathogen enters the Zang organs, death occurs. If it lingers between the sinews and bones, the pain persists. If it flows among the skin, it is easily cured. (Entering the Zang organs leads to death because the Shen [Spirit] departs. Pain in the sinews and bones persists because the location is fixed. Ease of cure in the skin is because the location is superficial. Due to these differences in depth, the outcomes differ.) Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) is the refined essence derived from food and water. It harmonizes within the Five Zang organs and spreads throughout the Six Fu organs, thereby entering the vessels. (According to the *Zhengli Lun*: When grain enters the stomach, the vessel pathways become active; when water enters the meridians, blood is formed.) Thus, Ying Qi circulates up and down along the vessels, penetrating the Five Zang organs and connecting the Six Fu organs. (Ying Qi travels within the vessels, reaching everywhere.) Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is the fierce qi derived from food and water. Its nature is swift, slippery, and agile, and it cannot enter the vessels. ("Fierce qi" refers to floating and vigorous Yang Qi. Because it is vigorous and floating, it moves swiftly and smoothly, unable to enter the vessels.) Therefore, Wei Qi circulates within the skin and between the muscle layers, steaming the blind membranes (Mangmo), and dispersing in the chest and abdomen. (Within the skin and between muscle layers refers to outside the vessels. Blind membranes refer to the membranes between the Zang organs and in the diaphragm. Because it is vigorous, it can spread into the empty spaces of the chest and abdomen, steaming the blind membranes to promote the free flow of Qi.) If one disrupts this Qi, illness arises; if one follows it, health is restored. If it does not combine with Wind, Cold, and Dampness, it does not form Bi syndrome. (Since Ying and Wei Qi move as described, if they are disrupted, they cause disease; if they follow their natural course, recovery occurs. Here, Ying and Wei refer to Qi, not the tangible forms like sinews, bones, muscles, skin, vessels, or the Zang and Fu organs. Since they do not combine with the three pathogens of Wind, Cold, and Dampness, Ying and Wei within the human body do not constitute Bi syndrome.) Bi syndrome may present with pain, without pain, numbness, cold, heat, dryness, or dampness. What is the reason? Pain is caused by an excess of Cold; the presence of Cold leads to pain. Cases with neither pain nor numbness occur because the disease has been long-standing and deep-seated, causing Ying and Wei Qi to flow sluggishly, and the collaterals to be occasionally sparse and deficient, thus resulting in no pain. The skin lacks nourishment from Ying Qi, leading to numbness. (Numbness refers to the skin being insensate, unaware of touch or pain.) Cold sensations arise because Yang Qi is scarce and Yin Qi is abundant; the Yin Qi exacerbates the pathological condition, leading to cold. (The disease originates from Wind, Cold, and Dampness, so Yin Qi aids it.) Heat sensations arise because Yang Qi is abundant and Yin Qi is scarce; the pathogenic Qi is strong, and Yang encounters Yin, resulting in Bi-Heat. (Yin Qi fails to overcome Yang, leading to heat.) Profuse sweating and wetness occur because of severe exposure to Dampness. With scarce Yang Qi and abundant Yin Qi, the two Qi interact, causing sweating and wetness. This explains why Bi syndrome causes pain: it is due to excessive Cold. Hence, it is said that when Cold is predominant, it is called Painful Bi (Tongbi). Bi syndrome does not cause pain because, over time, the pathogenic Qi deepens, Ying and Wei Qi flow sluggishly, and the collaterals become sparse, thus preventing pain. Numbness occurs because there is insufficient Qi and Blood in the skin to circulate, making the skin insensate and immobile. Body coldness results from scarce Wei Qi and abundant Ying Qi; abundant Ying Qi combines with pathogenic Qi, leading to cold. Body heat results from abundant Wei Qi and scarce Ying Qi; thus, pathogenic Qi is strong. Wind is Yang, and when Yang encounters Ying Qi, Yin Qi cannot overcome it, resulting in Bi-Heat. Wetness occurs because of severe interaction with Dampness. Scarce Wei Qi and abundant Ying Qi interact, causing sweating and dampness. Dryness, though not explicitly stated, can be inferred inversely from dampness: if Wei Qi is abundant and Ying Qi is scarce, and heat is extreme, the interaction of two Yangs indicates dryness. Why does Bi syndrome sometimes not hurt? If Bi is in the bone, the body feels heavy; if in the vessels, blood coagulates and stagnates; if in the sinews, flexion and extension are impaired; if in the flesh, there is numbness; if in the skin, there is cold. Possessing any of these five conditions results in no pain. Generally, Bi syndromes contract or feel like insects crawling upon exposure to Cold, and relax or become flaccid upon exposure to Heat. (Crawling sensation refers to feeling like insects moving under the skin. Flaccidity refers to relaxation and lack of tension.)