蒺藜有二种∶一种同州沙苑白蒺藜,一种秦州刺蒺藜。白者感马精所生,刺者感地
中阳气所生。《本经》苦温;《别录》加辛及微寒并无毒。宜炒捣去刺。
刺蒺藜,质轻色白,象金入肝。夫肝虽有藏血之体,而血非可留之物,留则不虚,
灵而血恶,斯致疾矣。蒺藜宣行快便,故主妇人 结积聚,能破男子遗尿泄精,能止肾
虚腰痛,伤中劳乏,催生落胎,除烦下气,乳发带下,易效,肺痿脓血可瘳;疗双目赤
痛,翳生不已;治遍身白癜,搔痒难当,除喉痹头痛,消痔 阴汗,去恶血长肌肉,明
目轻身,多主肝经,以味苦温辛香,可以直散也。
又种沙苑者,质细色绿。专入肾经,以性寒质实,可以强阴,故益精疗肾之功更胜。
主治(痘疹合参) 择白者宜炒过,方
捣去刺后,研细入药。凡痘疮搔痒溃烂者,并痘后目患者,并宜。
缠豆藤,和中解毒,宜端午日采阴干,凡毛豆梗上缠绕细红丝者佳,稀痘方中常用之。
即墙头陈柴。即禀谷气之余,久受寒暑,雨露日月精华,故为久溃疮疡之用最效耳。
败草,宜东壁极陈者佳。或晒或焙研细;或敷疮上;或衬席间,善解痘毒,渗湿
之功神效,烂痘之所必需。
禀纯阳之气,故冬至生,夏至枯也。且得金水之气,故味苦辛,性微寒,无毒。入
足厥阴、少阳经。辛能散结,苦能泄热。故治一切寒热瘰 ,破 坚瘿乳痈乳岩及火郁
目珠痈极怕日羞明之要药。茎端作穗,开淡紫花,采阴干用之。
夏枯草,味辛苦而性微寒,散结气而解内热,补肝血缓肝火,破 坚瘿瘤,散瘰
鼠,寒热并治,湿痹兼却,更治目珠疼痛,至夜则甚者如神,此草禀纯阳之性,夏
至后得阴气即枯,所以治厥阴火郁之目疾,及郁怒所成乳岩乳痈,并一切痈肿也。(目
白珠属阳,故昼痛,点苦寒药则效;黑珠属阴,故夜痛,点苦寒药反剧。夏枯草,气
禀纯阳,补厥阴血脉,故治夜痛如神,以纯汤之气,而胜浊阴,且散厥阴郁火耳。
蒺藜有两种:一种是同州产的沙苑白蒺藜,另一种是秦州产的刺蒺藜。白色的蒺藜被认为是感应马精所生,带刺的蒺藜则是感应地中的阳气所生。《神农本草经》记载其味苦、性温;《名医别录》补充说兼有辛味及微寒之性,且无毒。使用时宜炒制后捣碎并去除尖刺。
刺蒺藜质地轻、颜色白,对应五行中的金,入肝经。肝脏虽然有贮藏血液的功能,但血液并非可以停滞不前的物质,如果停滞则不能保持充盈灵动,导致血行瘀恶,从而引发疾病。蒺藜具有宣通运行、通畅便利的作用,因此主治妇女因气滞血瘀形成的结块积聚,能破除男子遗尿和滑精的症状,能缓解肾虚引起的腰痛,治疗中焦受损导致的劳损乏力,具有催生或堕胎的功效,能消除烦闷、降逆气,治疗乳房痈肿(乳发)和白带过多,疗效显著;还能治愈肺痿引起的脓血症状;治疗双眼红肿疼痛、翳膜增生不止;治疗全身白癜风,缓解难以忍受的瘙痒;消除喉痹和头痛,消退痔疮、阴部潮湿出汗,祛除恶血并促进肌肉生长,使眼睛明亮、身体轻便。它主要作用于肝经,因为其味苦、温、辛、香,可以直接发散郁结。
另一种沙苑蒺藜,质地细腻、颜色偏绿。专门入肾经,因其性寒而质地坚实,能够强壮阴气,所以在益精和治疗肾脏方面的功效更为出色。
主治(结合痘疹病症参考):选择白色的蒺藜,宜先炒过,然后捣碎去刺,研成细粉入药。凡是痘疮瘙痒溃烂者,以及痘疮痊愈后眼部患病者,都适宜使用。
缠豆藤,具有调和脾胃、解毒的功效,宜在端午节采集并阴干。凡是在毛豆梗上缠绕的细红丝状藤蔓为佳,常在稀释痘毒的方剂中使用。
即墙头陈旧的柴草。这是禀受五谷之气残余,长久经受寒暑交替、雨露日月精华滋养的结果,因此对于久治不愈的疮疡最为有效。
败草,以东墙壁上极陈旧的为佳。可以晒干或焙干后研细;或者敷在疮口上;或者垫在席子下面,善于解除痘毒,其渗湿的功效神奇,是治疗溃烂痘疮所必需的。
夏枯草禀受纯阳之气,所以在冬至日生长,夏至日枯萎。并且它禀受了金和水的气机,所以味道苦、辛,性质微寒,无毒。入足厥阴肝经和足少阳胆经。辛味能散结,苦味能泄热。因此它是治疗一切寒热往来、瘰疬(颈部淋巴结结核),破除坚硬瘿瘤、乳痈、乳岩以及火郁引起的眼珠红肿、极度怕光羞明的重要药物。茎端结成穗状,开淡紫色的花,采集后阴干使用。
夏枯草,味道辛苦,性质微寒,能疏散结气并解除内部热邪,补益肝血并缓和肝火,破除坚硬的瘿瘤,消散瘰疬和鼠瘘,寒热证候并治,风湿痹痛也能驱除,更能治疗眼珠疼痛,到了夜晚加重者效果如神。这种草禀受纯阳的性质,夏至之后得到阴气就枯萎了,所以它能治疗厥阴经火郁引起的眼疾,以及由郁怒形成的乳岩、乳痈,以及一切痈肿。(眼白珠属阳,所以白天疼痛,点用苦寒药物则有效;黑珠属阴,所以夜间疼痛,点用苦寒药物反而加剧。夏枯草,气禀纯阳,能补益厥阴血脉,所以治疗夜间疼痛效果如神,凭借纯阳之气战胜浊阴,并且疏散厥阴经的郁火罢了。)
Jili (Tribulus Terrestris) has two varieties: one is the Bai Jili (White Tribulus) from Shayuan, Tongzhou, and the other is the Ci Jili (Spiny Tribulus) from Qinzhou. The white variety is believed to be generated by sensing horse essence, while the spiny variety is generated by sensing the yang qi within the earth. *Ben Jing* (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) records it as bitter and warm; *Bie Lu* (Additional Records by Famous Physicians) adds that it is acrid and slightly cold, with no toxicity. It should be stir-fried, crushed, and the spines removed before use.
Ci Jili is light in texture and white in color, corresponding to Metal and entering the Liver Meridian. Although the Liver has the function of storing blood, blood is not a substance that can remain stagnant; if it stagnates, it loses its fullness and agility, leading to evil blood and causing disease. Jili promotes circulation and unblocks obstructions, thus it primarily treats women's accumulations and masses caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis. It can resolve nocturnal emission and spermatorrhea in men, alleviate lower back pain due to Kidney deficiency, treat middle-jiao damage and fatigue, induce labor or abort fetuses, relieve irritability and direct rebellious qi downward, treat breast carbuncles (Ru Fa) and leukorrhea with effective results; it can also cure pus and blood in lung atrophy (Fei Wei); treat redness and pain in both eyes with persistent nebulae; treat vitiligo all over the body and unbearable itching; eliminate throat obstruction and headache, reduce hemorrhoids and damp sweat in the genital area, remove bad blood and promote muscle growth, brighten the eyes and lighten the body. It mainly acts on the Liver Meridian because its bitter, warm, acrid, and fragrant flavors can directly disperse stagnation.
The other variety, Shayuan Jili, is fine in texture and green in color. It specifically enters the Kidney Meridian. Due to its cold nature and solid texture, it can strengthen yin, so its efficacy in benefiting essence and treating kidney disorders is even superior.
Indications (referencing combined analysis of smallpox and rashes): Select the white variety, stir-fry it first, then crush it, remove the spines, grind it into fine powder, and add it to decoctions. It is suitable for cases where smallpox lesions are itchy and ulcerated, as well as for eye diseases occurring after the resolution of smallpox.
Chandouteng (Vine wrapping around soybeans) harmonizes the middle jiao and resolves toxicity. It should be harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and dried in the shade. The thin red filaments wrapping around the stalks of common beans are considered superior and are commonly used in formulas for attenuating smallpox toxins.
This refers to old firewood found on wall tops. It has absorbed the residual qi of grains and endured long periods of cold and heat, rain and dew, and the essence of sun and moon. Therefore, it is most effective for treating chronic, non-healing sores and ulcers.
Baicao (Decayed grass), especially that which is very old and located on the east-facing wall, is best. It can be sun-dried or baked, ground into fine powder; applied topically to sores; or placed between mats. It effectively resolves smallpox toxins and has miraculous effects in draining dampness, making it essential for treating ulcerated smallpox lesions.
Xiakucao (Prunella Vulgaris) embodies pure yang qi, hence it grows at the Winter Solstice and withers at the Summer Solstice. It also receives the qi of Metal and Water, so its taste is bitter and acrid, its nature is slightly cold, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot Jueyin (Liver) and Shaoyang (Gallbladder) meridians. Acridity can disperse nodules, and bitterness can drain heat. Thus, it is a crucial herb for treating all types of alternating chills and fever, scrofula (Luoli), breaking hard goiters, mammary abscesses, breast cancer (Ruyan), and eye swelling caused by fire stagnation, characterized by extreme photophobia. The stem ends in spikes bearing pale purple flowers, which are harvested and dried in the shade.
Xiakucao tastes bitter and acrid and is slightly cold in nature. It disperses qi stagnation and resolves internal heat, nourishes liver blood, and soothes liver fire. It breaks hard goiters and tumors, dissipates scrofula and rat-like swellings (Luoshu), treats both cold and heat patterns, and dispels wind-damp bi syndrome. It is particularly effective for eye pain that worsens at night. This herb embodies pure yang nature; after the Summer Solstice, upon receiving yin qi, it withers. Therefore, it treats eye diseases caused by fire stagnation in the Jueyin meridian, as well as breast cancer and mammary abscesses formed by depression and anger, and all kinds of carbuncles and swellings. (The sclera belongs to yang, so pain during the day responds well to bitter-cold drops; the cornea/pupil belongs to yin, so night pain worsens with bitter-cold drops. Xiakucao possesses pure yang qi, nourishes the Jueyin blood vessels, and thus treats night pain with divine efficacy. Its pure yang qi conquers turbid yin and disperses Jueyin stagnating fire.)