人身之病，匹百有四，载之《素问》，
《灵枢》者已详八九，外不过风寒暑湿燥火六气之淫，内不过喜怒忧思惊恐悲七情之
伤，变见于脏腑经络皮毛之间而为病，安有所谓怪也？即有云怪病者，如人庙登家，飞
尸鬼击客忤，亦由人之本气不足，邪乘虚袭，见为谵妄邪祟，若有神灵所凭，故《灵
枢》有青黄赤白黑尸鬼之症，何一非五脏素虚而为之形也？庸工不晓病机，一遇不识二
症，辄云怪病多属痰，况痰非人身之所素有，及津液既病而成痰，则亦随所在经络而
见症，岂可借此一语，借以为口实耶！
汗者，心之液，而血之异名，古云小儿盗汗不须治者，以其神气未全，血脉流溢，
易于渗泄，言其未甚者耳。若汗久不己，则气血亏损，何以为长养之用耶！盖阳主气，
气为卫，阴主血，血为荣，人之一身，负阴抱阳，平则宁，偏则病，故阴虚，阳必走而
发热，汗出如水，热而涌，阳虚阴必乘，故发厥汗出，如水冷而流，其自汗者，谓不因
发散，不因劳动，或昏或睡，自然而出，宜速为治，久则亡阳，亡阳则气怯气怯则脉
虚，脉虚则神散，神散则不能主持，而为惊为搐。然又不可强止，止则闭遏阳气，而作
热烦燥矣，盗汗者，睡熟则出，醒则复收，意同盗贼之义也。有因血气未固，肤腠未
密，过加温暖，熏蒸生热，热搏于心也，为邪胜，而律液不能内藏者，有伤冷伤热冷热
交争，阴阳不顺，津液泄越者，有心虚惊恐，神气不能收摄精华者，有餐冷物过度，
致伤脾土，土虚不能制其水液者，大法养心育脾，滋阴降火为要。盖本元充实者，睡则
神气敛纳于内，本元不足者，睡则神气浮越于外，汗亦因之流溢，醒则惕然气聚，汗亦
因之收藏，总由阴不平，阳不秘耳。有头汗者，是邪传诸阳，津液上奏也，手足汗者，
胃主四肢，阳明湿热也。更有脾虚自汗，亦多出额上，汗黏人手，尤宜速救胃气，否则
亦令阳亡。又有因汗后病后，重亡津液，阳气偏盛，水不用火，是以脏腑积热，熏灼肌
体，消燥骨髓，变成骨蒸日晚发热，肌削颊赤，肌干黄瘦，夜有盗汗，五心烦热，四肢
倦困，饮食减少，成为疳劳者，然人赖卫气固其表，所以肌肉温，皮肤充腠理肥，若卫
气一虚则肌肉不温，皮肤不充，腠理不肥，津液无拘，为之妄泄，气不卫则六脉不充
血不荣，则神不备，治之者，若不调补气血，而用闭遏强止之方，则里病未除，更增
留热肌表之患矣。然有汗之而无汗者，是津液内竭，或寒中荣深，而腠里闭也。汗之而
大汗不止者，因元阳本虚，受邪亦轻，治者误汗之过也。
人体的疾病，总共有一百零四种，记载在《素问》和《灵枢》中的已经详细说明了八九成，剩下的不过是外感风寒暑湿燥火六淫之邪，内伤喜怒忧思惊恐悲七情之过。这些病变更现在脏腑、经络、皮毛之间而成为病症，哪里有什么所谓的“怪病”呢？即使有被称为怪病的，比如进入庙宇或人家，遭遇飞尸、鬼击、客忤等，也是因为人体本气不足，邪气乘虚侵袭，表现为谵语妄见、邪祟附体，好像有神灵依附一样。所以《灵枢》中有青、黄、赤、白、黑尸鬼的症状，哪一种不是由于五脏原本虚弱而形成的表现呢？庸医不懂病机，一遇到不认识的两种症状，就常说怪病多属于痰。况且痰并非人体原本就有的东西，等到津液病变而成痰后，也会随着所在的经络而显现症状，怎么能借这一句话作为借口呢！
汗，是心的体液，也是血的别名。古话说小儿盗汗不需要治疗，是因为小儿神气尚未完全成熟，血脉充盈流动，容易渗出泄漏，这只是说病情不严重的情况罢了。如果出汗久了不停止，就会导致气血亏损，拿什么来供生长发育之用呢？大概阳主气，气为卫气；阴主血，血为营血。人的身体，背负阴而怀抱阳，平衡则安宁，偏颇则生病。所以阴虚时，阳必外走而发热，出汗如水，热势涌盛；阳虚时，阴必乘袭，所以发生厥逆出汗，汗水冷而流淌。所谓自汗，是指不因发汗解表，也不因劳动，或者昏迷或者睡眠中，自然而出，应当迅速治疗，久了会亡阳，亡阳则气怯，气怯则脉虚，脉虚则神散，神散则不能主持控制，从而出现惊悸抽搐。然而又不能强行止汗，强行止汗则会闭遏阳气，导致发热烦躁。盗汗，是指睡熟时出汗，醒来则停止，意思如同盗贼一样（趁人不备）。有的因为血气未固，肤腠不密，过度保暖，熏蒸生热，热邪搏结于心，为邪胜，导致津液不能内藏；有的因伤冷或伤热，冷热交争，阴阳不顺，津液泄越；有的因心虚惊恐，神气不能收摄精华；有的因进食生冷食物过度，损伤脾土，土虚不能制约水液。大法以养心育脾、滋阴降火为关键。大概本元充实的人，睡觉时神气收敛于内，本元不足的人，睡觉时神气浮越于外，汗也随之流溢，醒来时警惕气聚，汗也随之收藏，总归是由于阴不平、阳不秘。有头汗的，是邪气传入诸阳经，津液上奏所致；手足汗的，胃主四肢，属于阳明湿热。更有脾虚导致的自汗，也常出现在额头，汗黏手，尤其应当迅速挽救胃气，否则也会导致亡阳。又有因出汗后或患病后，再次亡失津液，阳气偏盛，水不能制火，因此脏腑积热，熏灼机体，消耗骨髓，变成骨蒸潮热，傍晚发热，肌肉消瘦，两颊发红，肌肤干枯黄瘦，夜间有盗汗，五心烦热，四肢倦怠困乏，饮食减少，形成疳劳病。然而人依靠卫气巩固体表，所以肌肉温暖，皮肤充盈，腠理致密。如果卫气一虚，则肌肉不温，皮肤不充，腠理不致密，津液无拘束，妄行泄漏，气不能卫外则六脉不充，血不能荣养则神气不备。治疗者，如果不调补气血，而用闭遏强止的方药，则里病未除，更增加留热在肌表的祸患了。然而有该出汗却不出汗的，是津液在内枯竭，或者寒邪深入营分，而腠理闭塞。该出汗却大汗不止的，是因为元阳本来虚弱，受邪也很轻，是治疗者误用发汗法过度的缘故。
The diseases of the human body number one hundred and four, detailed in the *Suwen* (Plain Questions) and *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot), covering eight or nine out of ten. The remainder involves merely the invasion of the six external pathogenic factors: Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire; and the injury from the seven internal emotional factors: Joy, Anger, Worry, Pensiveness, Fear, Fright, and Sorrow. These changes manifest between the Zang-Fu organs, meridians, skin, and hair to become disease. Where is there such a thing as a "strange disease"? Even if called strange diseases, such as encountering flying corpses, ghost strikes, or adverse influences after entering temples or homes, these arise because the person's original Qi is insufficient, allowing pathogens to invade via deficiency. They present as delirium, hallucinations, and symptoms resembling possession by evil spirits, as if possessed by deities. Thus, the *Lingshu* mentions symptoms of green, yellow, red, white, and black corpse ghosts; none of these are not manifestations of inherent deficiency in the Five Zang organs? Quack doctors, ignorant of disease mechanisms, upon encountering unfamiliar symptoms, often claim that strange diseases mostly belong to Phlegm. Moreover, Phlegm is not something inherently present in the body. Once body fluids become diseased and transform into Phlegm, they manifest symptoms according to the meridians where they reside. How can one use this single phrase as an excuse!
Sweat is the fluid of the Heart and another name for Blood. Ancient texts state that children's night sweats need no treatment because their Shen (Spirit) and Qi are not yet fully formed, and their blood vessels are full and flowing, making them prone to leakage. This refers only to mild cases. If sweating persists for a long time, it leads to a loss of Qi and Blood, leaving nothing for nourishment and growth. Generally, Yang governs Qi, which acts as Wei Qi (Defensive Qi); Yin governs Blood, which acts as Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi). The human body carries Yin and embraces Yang. When balanced, there is peace; when biased, there is disease. Therefore, when Yin is deficient, Yang must escape outward, causing fever and profuse sweating like water, with heat surging. When Yang is deficient, Yin must overpower, causing cold limbs (Jue) and sweating, with sweat flowing cold like water. Spontaneous sweating (Zihan) refers to sweating that occurs naturally, without diaphoresis therapy or physical exertion, whether in coma or sleep. It should be treated promptly; prolonged spontaneous sweating leads to the loss of Yang Qi. Loss of Yang Qi leads to timidity of Qi, timidity of Qi leads to a weak pulse, a weak pulse leads to the scattering of Shen, and scattered Shen loses its ability to control, resulting in fright and convulsions. However, one must not forcibly stop sweating, as this will block and restrain Yang Qi, leading to fever, irritability, and restlessness. Night sweating (Daohan) refers to sweating during deep sleep that stops upon waking, akin to the behavior of a thief. Causes include: unstable Qi and Blood with loose pores, excessive warmth causing steaming heat that binds to the Heart, leading to pathological excess and inability of fluids to remain inside; injury from cold or heat, with cold and heat clashing, Yin and Yang disordered, leading to fluid leakage; Heart deficiency with fright, where Shen cannot retain essence; excessive consumption of cold foods damaging Spleen Earth, where deficient Earth fails to control Water fluids. The general principle is to nourish the Heart and strengthen the Spleen, and to nourish Yin while descending Fire. When the root Yuan is substantial, Shen gathers inward during sleep; when Yuan is deficient, Shen floats outward during sleep, causing sweat to flow. Upon waking, Qi gathers alertly, and sweat stops. Ultimately, this is due to Yin being unbalanced and Yang being unsecured. Head sweating indicates pathogenic transmission to the Yang meridians, with fluids ascending. Hand and foot sweating relates to the Stomach governing the four limbs, indicating Damp-Heat in the Yangming channel. Additionally, Spleen deficiency causing spontaneous sweating often appears on the forehead; the sweat is sticky. One must urgently rescue Stomach Qi, otherwise Yang loss may occur. Furthermore, after profuse sweating or illness, repeated loss of body fluids leads to hyperactive Yang. Water fails to control Fire, causing accumulated heat in the Zang-Fu organs, scorching the body, consuming bone marrow, and transforming into Bone-steaming Fever. Symptoms include afternoon fever, emaciation, malar flush, dry yellow thin skin, night sweats, five-palm heat, limb fatigue, and reduced appetite, forming Kan-Lao (Infantile Malnutrition/Tuberculosis-like syndrome). Humans rely on Wei Qi to secure the exterior, keeping muscles warm, skin plump, and pores tight. If Wei Qi is deficient, muscles are not warm, skin is not plump, and pores are loose, allowing fluids to leak uncontrollably. If Qi does not defend, the six pulses are not full; if Blood does not nourish, Shen is not complete. In treatment, if one does not tonify Qi and Blood but uses formulas to block and forcibly stop sweating, the interior pathology remains, and residual heat in the muscle layer becomes a new hazard. However, there are cases where one should sweat but cannot; this is due to exhaustion of internal fluids or Deep Cold in the Ying level closing the pores. There are also cases where sweating is profuse and unceasing despite treatment; this is because the Original Yang was originally deficient, the pathogen was light, and the practitioner erred by overusing diaphoretic methods.