乾隆时,杭州金民以耳科致富,止恃一秘方,今其家已式微,有人传得其方,用之甚效。取
大蚌壳全个,中装人粪、千年锻石、野猪脚爪(乌蜡店中有之),以铁丝匝紧蚌壳,外用泥涂
,炭火 至青烟起,置地上去火性,研细末,入瓷瓶秘藏,凡患耳中烂,及耳 流水等症,
以此渗之立愈。此方天台余以庠传序所述,云不独可治耳疾,凡外症溃烂者。皆可用之,曾
有人治裙边疮年久者亦效。
凡人于剃发之后,必取耳以快意,此由少时习惯,遂成自然,往往有取之过深,伤而出血者
,《素圃医案》(郑在辛着)一则,尤堪警目,录之。贡武弁年二十余,取耳时为同辈所戏,铜
挖刺通耳底,流血不止,延外科治之,初不以为楚,旬日间忽头痛,又延内科治之益甚,迎
余往治,则头痛如破,体僵面赤烦躁,脉弦紧,口流脓血,检所服药,皆石膏、栀子、芩、
连等味,病患自言脓血不自喉出,余曰∶此脑中脓血,流入鼻内,渗于口中,的系破伤风矣
。项强已属不治,幸未再见厥冷,用小续命汤,重加桂枝、附子、干姜,去黄芩,一剂微汗
,头痛减半,再剂颈柔,十数剂后,耳内结疤,脑涎亦不流,但其耳竟无闻矣。
目中起星,宜初起即治,《石室秘录》方最妙,白蒺藜三钱,水煎洗,日四五次,余二次皆
用此获效。又一次以新橘子皮塞鼻中,不半日即退。又旧传一方,用山慈姑、八乳磨汁,入
冰片末少许点之,并治翳障甚效。
人有患肝病者,重酒柴胡,服之肝病愈而目瞽,以其竭肝阴也。大抵温散之品皆损目,
友人某嗜饮烧酒,后竟失明,至如韭、蒜、椒、芥等耗目光,并宜远之。
一人患头风痛,两目失明,遍求医治无效,偶过茶肆小憩,有乡人教以用十字路口及乡村屋
旁野苋菜煎汤,入沙壶中乘热熏之,日行数次,如是半月复明。
许辛木说∶明目之方,可久服者,枸菊丸第一,(专用二味,勿入六味丸内,黑小豆次之。
)《寿亲养老新书》云∶李小愚取黑豆紧小而圆者,侵晨以井花水吞二七粒,谓之五脏谷,
到老视听不衰。近人相传服法∶晨用生小黑豆四十九粒,以滚水送下,久服勿间,则眼到老常
明。余二十九岁患风火赤眼,愈后阅文攻苦,用目过早,遂至昏涩羞明,不能作字,又为眼
科以赤药点之,转益增剧,于是谢去生徒,闭门静养,专服小黑豆,又每晨用明矾末擦齿,
后以洗面水漱口,即将其水洗目,洗后闭目片时,俟其自干,如是半年,目乃复初,因服小
黑豆勿辍,凡二十余年,迄今目光如旧,灯下可作细字,未始非此方之力,凡人至中年而目
昏花,即当服此。或因其性凉,不宜于寒体,则服枸菊丸可也。(丁巳秋见歙县吴端甫攒
花《易简良方》载服黑料豆法,并述功效,附录于此。云∶每一岁生吃一粒,自小服起,每
年视岁数加减,永无眼患,余于壬子年入会闱,年仅四十二,而上灯后几不见卷格,南旋即
得此方,无间服之,今历五稔,目力倍于幼时,真奇方也。)
明周定王 《普济方》四百二十六卷,为方六万一千七百三十九首,余在杭州时欲借抄是书
,需钱百余万,因而不果。咸丰九年,从坊友邱春生钺,觅得刊本眼科书一册,即《普济方
》第三十一卷,计一百页,凡分类十有三,曰内外障眼,曰内障眼,曰外障眼,曰将变内障
眼,曰内障眼针后用药,曰目生肤翳,曰目生丁翳,曰目生花翳,曰卒生翳膜,曰远年障翳
,曰目昏暗,曰目见黑花飞蝇,曰目晕,类各有论,共五百八十八方,其内外障眼类中有去
翳生血止痛方,(出《家藏经验方》),用蛴螬汁滴目中,及饴炙食之,下引陈氏经验方云∶
《晋书》盛彦母氏失明,躬自侍养,母食必自哺之,母即病久,至于婢使,数见捶挞,婢忿恨
,伺彦暂行,取蛴螬炙 之,母食以为美,然疑
是异物,密藏以示彦,彦见之,抱母恸哭,绝而复苏,母目豁然,从此遂愈。孟子曰∶陈仲
子岂不诚廉士哉?居于陵三日不食,耳无闻,目无见也,井上有李,螬食实者过半矣,匍匐
往将食之,三咽然后耳有闻,目有见。《本草》云∶蛴螬汁滴目中去翳障。余在曲江有将官
以瞽离军,因阅《晋书》见此,参以孟子之言,证以《本草》之说,呼其子俾羞事而供,勿
令父知,旬日后目明,趋庭伸谢,因录以济众。按∶此方他书罕见,特载于此,俾患障失明者
钮兰畹说;湖城某妪,年四十余,目昏不能拈针黹,得一方,七月七日采旱莲草捣汁,
入食盐拌匀,日晒夜露,每日早起洗休,以汁少许点目中,初微痛,后乃如常,目光遂渐明,嗣
后至七十余岁,犹能于灯下缝纫。
清代乾隆年间,杭州有一位姓金的民间医生,凭借一个治疗耳病的秘方致富。如今他的家族已经衰落,但有人传承了这个方子,使用效果非常显著。该方取整个大蚌壳,中间装入人粪、千年锻石(一种经过长期煅烧的矿物药)、野猪脚爪(在乌蜡店中可以买到),用铁丝将蚌壳紧紧缠绕固定,外部涂抹泥土,放入炭火中烧至青烟升起,然后放置在地上以去除火性,最后研磨成细末,装入瓷瓶中秘密保存。凡是患有耳内溃烂、耳道流脓流水等症状的患者,将此药粉渗入患处,立刻就能痊愈。这个方子是台州人余以庠传序所述,他说此方不仅可治耳疾,凡是有体表疮疡溃烂的情况,都可以使用。曾有人用它治愈了多年不愈的裙边疮(指大腿内侧或臀部边缘的慢性湿疹或溃疡)。
人在剃发之后,总喜欢掏耳朵以求舒适,这是因为从小养成的习惯,久而久之成了自然反应。往往因为掏得太深,导致受伤出血。《素圃医案》(郑在辛著)中记载的一则案例,尤其值得警惕,现记录如下:一位二十多岁的武官随从,在掏耳朵时被同伴戏弄,铜挖耳勺刺穿了耳底,血流不止。他找外科医生治疗,起初并不觉得疼痛,十几天后突然头痛,又找内科医生治疗,病情反而加重。请我去诊治时,他头痛欲裂,身体僵硬,面色红润,烦躁不安,脉象弦紧,口中有脓血流出。检查他之前服用的药物,都是石膏、栀子、黄芩、黄连等寒凉之品。病人自己说脓血不是从喉咙出来的。我说:“这是脑中的脓血流入鼻腔,渗透出口中,确实是破伤风。”项部强直已属难治之症,幸好没有出现四肢厥冷,于是用小续命汤,重用桂枝、附子、干姜,去掉黄芩。服用一剂后微微出汗,头痛减轻一半;再服一剂颈部变柔软;服用十余剂后,耳内结疤,脑脊液也不再流出,只是耳朵竟然完全失聪了。
眼睛中起星状翳膜,应当在初起时就进行治疗,《石室秘录》中的方子最为奇妙:白蒺藜三钱,水煎后清洗眼部,每天四五次,我另外两次遇到类似情况都用此法获得了疗效。还有一次,我用新鲜橘子皮塞入鼻孔中,不到半天翳膜就消退了。又有一个旧传的方子,用山慈姑、八乳(即重楼/七叶一枝花)磨汁,加入少许冰片粉末点眼,治疗目生翳障非常有效。
有人患有肝病,大量服用柴胡,结果肝病好了,眼睛却瞎了,因为柴胡耗竭了肝阴。大致来说,温燥发散的药物都会损伤视力。我的朋友某人嗜好饮用烧酒,后来竟然失明。至于韭菜、大蒜、花椒、芥末等消耗目光的食物,也都应当远离。
有一人患头风痛,导致双眼失明,遍求医治无效。偶然路过茶馆小憩,有乡下人教他用十字路口及乡村屋旁的野苋菜煎汤,倒入沙壶中,趁热气熏蒸眼睛,每天进行数次。坚持半个月后,视力恢复了。
许辛木说:可以久服的明目方剂,首推枸菊丸(专门由枸杞子和菊花两味药组成,不要放入六味地黄丸中),其次是黑小豆。《寿亲养老新书》记载:李小愚选取紧密细小圆润的黑豆,清晨用井水吞服十四粒,称之为“五脏谷”,直到年老视听功能都不衰退。近代人相传的服法是:早晨用生小黑豆四十九粒,用滚开水送下,长期服用不间断,那么眼睛到老都能明亮。我二十九岁时患风火赤眼,病愈后因读书写作过度用眼,导致眼睛昏涩、畏光,无法写字。又让眼科医生用红色药水点眼,病情反而加剧。于是我辞去学生,闭门静养,专门服用小黑豆。并且每天早上用明矾末刷牙,然后用洗脸水漱口,接着用这水洗眼睛,洗后闭目片刻,等待其自然干燥。坚持半年后,眼睛恢复如初。因为继续服用小黑豆没有中断,长达二十多年,至今目光依然如旧,在灯下可以写细小的字,这未尝不是这个方子的功效。凡人到了中年眼睛昏花,就应当服用此方。如果因其性凉,不适合寒性体质的人,则可以服用枸菊丸。(丁巳年秋天,看到歙县吴端甫在《易简良方》中记载服用黑料豆的方法,并叙述其功效,附录于此。书中说:每岁吃一粒生黑豆,从小开始服用,每年根据年龄增减数量,永远不会有眼疾。我在壬子年参加乡试,年仅四十二岁,晚上看试卷几乎看不清格子,不久得到这个方子,不间断地服用,到现在历经五年,视力比年轻时更好,真是奇方啊。)
明代周定王编纂的《普济方》共四百二十六卷,收录方剂六万一千七百三十九首。我在杭州时想借抄这本书,需要花费一百多万钱,因此未能实现。咸丰九年,我从书商朋友邱春生那里,找到一本刊印的眼科书籍,就是《普济方》的第三十一卷,共计一百页,分为十三类:曰内外障眼,曰内障眼,曰外障眼,曰将变内障眼,曰内障眼针后用药,曰目生肤翳,曰目生丁翳,曰目生花翳,曰卒生翳膜,曰远年障翳,曰目昏暗,曰目见黑花飞蝇,曰目晕。各类各有论述,共有五百八十八个方子。其中在“内外障眼”类中有一个去翳生血止痛方(出自《家藏经验方》),用蛴螬汁滴入眼中,以及烤熟食用。下面引用陈氏的经验方云:《晋书》记载盛彦的母亲失明,盛彦亲自侍奉赡养,母亲吃饭必须亲自喂她。母亲生病很久,甚至到了连婢女都使唤不动的地步,多次遭到鞭打。婢女愤恨,趁盛彦暂时离开,取来蛴螬烤熟给母亲吃。母亲觉得味道鲜美,但怀疑是异物,秘密收藏起来给盛彦看。盛彦见到后,抱着母亲痛哭,母亲气绝后又苏醒过来,眼睛豁然开朗,从此痊愈。孟子说:陈仲子难道不是真正的廉洁之士吗?居住在於陵,三天不吃东西,耳朵听不见,眼睛看不见。井边有李子,被虫蛀食了一半,他爬过去要吃它,吞下三口后,耳朵才能听见,眼睛才能看见。《本草》记载:蛴螬汁滴入眼中可以去掉翳障。我在曲江时,有一位军官因失明被军队除名,因为他阅读《晋书》看到这个故事,结合孟子的话和《本草》的说法,叫他的儿子偷偷准备并供养他,不让他知道真相。十天后眼睛复明,他在庭院中快步前行表达谢意。因此记录下来以救济大众。按语:此方在其他书中很少见到,特意记载于此,让那些因障翳失明的人参考。钮兰畹说:湖城某位老妇人,四十多岁,眼睛昏花不能做针线活,得到一个方子:七月七日采集旱莲草捣汁,加入食盐拌匀,日晒夜露,每天早起洗净休息后,取少许汁液点入眼中,刚开始有点微痛,后来就正常了,目光逐渐明亮,后来直到七十多岁,还能在灯下缝纫。
During the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, a folk physician surnamed Jin in Hangzhou became wealthy relying on a secret prescription for treating ear diseases. His family has since declined, but someone inherited this prescription and found it highly effective. The method involves taking a whole large clam shell, filling it with human feces, Qiannian Duanshi (a mineral drug calcined over a long period), and wild boar foot claws (available at wax shops). The shell is tightly bound with iron wire, coated externally with mud, and roasted over charcoal until blue smoke rises. It is then placed on the ground to remove its "fire nature," ground into a fine powder, stored secretly in a porcelain bottle. For patients suffering from ear ulcers or otorrhea (discharge of fluid from the ear), applying this powder directly into the ear canal brings immediate cure. This prescription was described by Yu Yixiang from Tiantai, who stated that it is not only effective for ear diseases but also for any external sores or ulcers. It has been used successfully to treat chronic intertrigo (referred to as "skirt-edge sore") lasting for years.
It is common for people to clean their ears after shaving their heads to feel comfortable; this habit often starts in childhood and becomes natural. However, digging too deep can cause injury and bleeding. A case recorded in *Supu Yi'an* (Medical Cases by Zheng Zaixin) is particularly alarming and is recorded here as a warning. A military attendant in his twenties had his ear canal pierced by a copper ear pick while being teased by peers, resulting in continuous bleeding. He sought treatment from a surgeon, initially feeling no pain. Ten days later, he suddenly developed a headache. An internal medicine physician was consulted, but the condition worsened. When I examined him, he suffered from splitting headaches, body stiffness, flushed face, irritability, a wiry and tight pulse, and pus mixed with blood flowing from his mouth. The medications he had taken previously consisted mainly of Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Lianzi (Coptidis Rhizoma). The patient claimed the pus did not come from his throat. I diagnosed: "This is pus and blood from the brain entering the nasal cavity and seeping out through the mouth. It is definitely Wind-Stabbing Disease (Po Shang Feng)." Neck stiffness indicates a difficult prognosis, but fortunately, there were no signs of cold extremities. I prescribed Xiao Xuming Tang (Minor Continue Life Decoction), heavily increasing the dosage of Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), while removing Huangqin. After one dose, he sweated slightly, and the headache reduced by half. After the second dose, his neck became flexible. After more than ten doses, scabs formed inside the ear, and cerebrospinal fluid discharge ceased, although he lost hearing completely in that ear.
When astigmatism or corneal opacities (described as "stars" in the eye) first appear, they should be treated immediately. The prescription from *Shishi Milu* (Secret Records of the Stone Chamber) is excellent: Baijili (Tribuli Fructus) 3 qian, decocted in water to wash the eyes, four to five times daily. I achieved success with this method in two other cases. In another instance, inserting fresh tangerine peel into the nostrils cleared the opacity within half a day. Another traditional prescription uses Shancigu (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma) and Balu (Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis) ground into juice, with a small amount of Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) added, applied to the eyes to treat visual obstructions effectively.
Some patients with Liver Disease (Gan Bing) took heavy doses of Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). While their liver disease improved, they went blind because Chaihu exhausts Liver Yin. Generally, warming and dispersing herbs damage vision. A friend of mine who indulged in drinking distilled spirits eventually lost his sight. Foods such as leeks, garlic, pepper, and mustard, which consume visual energy, should also be avoided.
One patient suffered from Head Wind Pain (Tou Feng Tong) leading to blindness in both eyes. Despite seeking various treatments without success, he rested briefly in a teahouse. A local villager advised him to decoct wild amaranth found at road intersections or near village houses. He poured the hot soup into a clay pot and fumigated his eyes with the steam several times a day. After half a month, his vision recovered.
Xu Xinmu stated: Among prescriptions for improving vision that can be taken long-term, Gouju Wan (Goji and Chrysanthemum Pill) is the best (composed solely of Gouqi Zi and Juhua, not to be confused with Liuwei Dihuang Wan). Black soybeans are second. *Shouqin Yanglao Xinshu* records: Li Xiaoyu selected tight, small, round black soybeans, swallowing fourteen grains with well water early in the morning, calling them "Five Zang Grains." This practice maintains hearing and vision even in old age. Recent popular methods suggest taking forty-nine raw small black soybeans with boiling water every morning, continuously, to keep eyes bright until old age. At twenty-nine, I suffered from Wind-Fire Red Eye. After recovery, excessive reading caused blurry, dry, and photophobic eyes, making writing impossible. An ophthalmologist applied red medicinal drops, worsening the condition. I resigned from teaching, stayed indoors to rest, and specifically consumed black soybeans. Every morning, I brushed my teeth with Mingfan (Alumen), rinsed my mouth with the face-washing water, and then washed my eyes with it. I closed my eyes for a moment to let it dry naturally. After six months, my vision returned to normal. Continuing to take black soybeans for over twenty years, my vision remains sharp, allowing me to write small characters under lamplight. This is undoubtedly due to this prescription. Anyone experiencing blurred vision in middle age should take this. If the cool nature of black soybeans is unsuitable for those with cold constitutions, Gouju Wan is recommended. (In autumn of the Ding-Si year, I saw Wu Duanfu's *Yijian Liangfang* record the method of consuming black soybeans and its efficacy. It states: Eat one raw grain per year of age, starting from childhood, adjusting annually, ensuring no eye diseases ever occur. In the Ren-Zi year, during the provincial examination, I was forty-two and could barely see the lines under lamplight. Soon after obtaining this prescription, I took it without interruption. Five years later, my eyesight doubled compared to my youth. Truly a miraculous prescription.)
The *Puji Fang* (Universal Effective Prescriptions) compiled by Prince Zhou of the Ming Dynasty contains 426 volumes and 61,739 prescriptions. While in Hangzhou, I wished to copy this book but needed over a million cash, so I abandoned the idea. In the ninth year of Xianfeng, I obtained a printed volume of ophthalmology from my bookseller friend Qiu Chunsheng. It was Volume 31 of *Puji Fang*, consisting of 100 pages, divided into thirteen categories: External and Internal Obstruction Eyes, Internal Obstruction Eyes, External Obstruction Eyes, Impending Internal Obstruction, Medication After Acupuncture for Internal Obstruction, Skin Opacity, Nail-shaped Opacity, Flower-shaped Opacity, Sudden Membrane Formation, Long-standing Opacity, Dim Vision, Seeing Black Spots/Flying Flies, and Eye Dizziness. Each category has discussions and a total of 588 prescriptions. Among them, in the "External and Internal Obstruction" category, there is a prescription for removing opacities, generating blood, and relieving pain (from *Jiacang Jingyan Fang*), using Qicao juice (larvae juice) dropped into the eyes, and eating roasted larvae. Chen's empirical formula cites: *Book of Jin* records that Sheng Yan's mother went blind. Sheng Yan cared for her personally, feeding her meals. Due to prolonged illness, she became dependent, and servants often beat her. Resenting this, a servant roasted Qicao (grub larvae) while Sheng Yan was away and fed it to the mother, who found it delicious. Suspecting it was strange, she hid it to show Sheng Yan. Upon seeing it, Sheng Yan hugged his mother and wept bitterly. The mother fainted but revived, and her eyes opened clearly, leading to a complete cure. Mencius said: Wasn't Chen Zhongzi truly an upright man? Living in Wuling for three days without food, he heard nothing and saw nothing. There was a plum tree by the well, half-eaten by grubs. He crawled to eat it, swallowed three bites, and then could hear and see again. *Bencao* (Materia Medica) states: Qicao juice dropped in the eyes removes opacities. In Qujiang, I met an officer dismissed from the army due to blindness. Having read this story in *Book of Jin*, combined with Mencius's words and Bencao's theory, I instructed his son to prepare and feed him the roasted larvae secretly. Ten days later, his sight returned, and he thanked me profusely. I recorded this to help others. Note: This prescription is rare in other texts; it is included here for those blinded by opacities. Niu Lanwan said: An elderly woman in Hucheng, in her forties, had blurry vision preventing her from sewing. She obtained a prescription: Collect Ecliptae Herba (Hanlian Cao) on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, crush it into juice, mix with salt, expose to sun by day and dew by night. Every morning, after washing and resting, apply a few drops into the eyes. Initially slightly painful, then normal. Her vision gradually improved, and she could still sew under lamplight in her seventies.