(陷胸三方泻心五方在后保命集内)
理市汤加减例
若为寒气湿气所中者加附子一两名附子理中汤 若霍乱吐泻者加橘红青橘各一两名治中
汤若干霍乱心腹作痛先以盐汤少许顿服候吐出令透即进此药若呕吐者于治中汤内加丁香半夏一
两每服生姜十片同煎 若泄泻者加橘红茯苓各一两名补中汤 若溏泄不已者于补中汤内加附
子一两不喜饮水谷不化者再加缩砂仁一两共成八味 若霍乱吐下心腹作痛手足逆冷于本方中
去白术加熟附名四顺汤 若伤寒结胸先以桔梗枳壳等分煎服不愈者及诸吐利后胸痞欲绝心膈
高起急痛手不可近者加枳实茯苓各一两名枳实理中汤 若渴者再于枳实理中汤内加栝蒌根一两
若霍乱后转筋者理中汤内加火 石膏一两 若脐上筑者肾气动也去术加官桂一两半肾恶燥
故云术恐作奔豚故加官桂 若悸多者加茯苓一两 若渴欲饮水者添加术半两 若苦寒者添加
干姜
半两 若腹满者去白术加附子一两 若饮酒过多及啖炙爆热食发为鼻衄加川芎一两 若伤胃吐
血以此药能理中脘分利阴阳安定血脉只用本方 若中附子毒者亦用本方 若止用甘草干姜等
分煎服仍以鸟豆煎汤解之
平胃散加减例
若泻脾湿加茯苓丁香白术为调胃散一法加藿香半夏 若加干姜为浓朴汤 若温疫时气二
毒伤
寒头痛壮热加莲须葱白五寸豆豉三十粒煎二三服微汗出愈 若五劳七伤脚手心热烦躁不安百
节酸痛加柴胡 若痰嗽疟疾加姜制半夏 若本脏气痛加茴香 若火气冲满加桑白皮 若妇人
赤
白带下加黄 若酒伤加丁香 若饮冷伤食加高良姜 若滑脱泄泻加肉豆蔻 若风痰四肢沉
困加荆芥 若腿膝冷痛加牛膝 若浑身虚壅拘急加地骨皮 若腿膝湿痹加菟丝子 若白痢加
吴茱萸 若赤痢加黄连 若头风加 本 若转筋霍乱加楠木皮 若七邪六极耳鸣梦泄盗汗四
肢沉重腿膝酸痿妇人宫藏久冷月脉不调者加肉桂 若胃寒呕吐多加生姜 一法加茯苓丁香各
三两共成六味 若气不舒快中脘痞塞加缩砂仁香附子各三两生姜煎服 若与五苓散相半为
对金饮子 若与六一散相合为黄白散 若与钱氏异功散相合为调胃散 若欲进食加神曲麦芽
吴茱萸蜀椒干姜桂为吴茱萸汤 若加 本桔梗为和解散治伤寒吐利 若加藿香半夏为金不换
正气散 若疟疾寒热者加柴胡 若小肠气痛者加苦楝茴香
理中汤加减法示例：
如果是被寒气、湿气所伤，加附子一两至二两，即为附子理中汤。
如果是霍乱伴有呕吐腹泻，加橘红、青橘各一两至二两，即为治中汤。
如果是干霍乱（欲吐不得吐，欲泻不得泻），心腹绞痛，先服少许盐汤，待吐出后，再服用此药。
如果伴有呕吐，在治中汤内加丁香、半夏各一两，每次服药时加生姜十片同煎。
如果是泄泻，加橘红、茯苓各一两至二两，即为补中汤。
如果是溏泄（大便稀薄不成形）不止，在补中汤内加附子一两；如果不喜欢喝水且食物不消化，再加缩砂仁一两，共成八味药。
如果是霍乱呕吐，伴有心腹疼痛、手足逆冷，在本方中去掉白术，加入熟附子，名为四顺汤。
如果是伤寒结胸证，先用桔梗、枳壳等分煎服；若无效，以及诸种呕吐腹泻后出现胸膈痞闷欲绝、心膈部高起急痛、手不可触碰者，加枳实、茯苓各一两至二两，即为枳实理中汤。
如果有口渴症状，再在枳实理中汤内加栝蒌根（天花粉）一两。
如果是霍乱后出现转筋（肌肉痉挛），在理中汤内加火硝石膏一两。
如果是脐上跳动不安，这是肾气动扰的表现，去掉白术，加官桂一两半。因为肾恶燥，所以说白术恐致奔豚（气从少腹上冲心胸之病），故加官桂。
如果心悸较多，加茯苓一两。
如果口渴想喝水，加白术半两。
如果怕冷严重，加干姜半两。
如果腹部胀满，去掉白术，加附子一两。
如果饮酒过多，以及吃烤炸热食导致鼻出血，加川芎一两。
如果损伤胃部导致吐血，用此药能调理中脘、分利阴阳、安定血脉，只用本方即可。
如果中了附子的毒，也用本方。
如果只使用甘草、干姜等分煎服，仍需用黑豆煎汤来解毒。
平胃散加减法示例：
如果是脾湿导致的泄泻，加茯苓、丁香、白术，称为调胃散；另一种方法是加藿香、半夏。
如果加干姜，称为浓朴汤。
如果是温疫时气，因二毒伤寒导致头痛、壮热，加莲须、葱白五寸、豆豉三十粒，煎服二三剂，微微出汗即愈。
如果是五劳七伤，手脚心发热、烦躁不安、全身关节酸痛，加柴胡。
如果是痰嗽、疟疾，加姜制半夏。
如果是本脏气痛，加茴香。
如果是火气冲满，加桑白皮。
如果是妇人赤白带下，加黄柏。
如果是酒伤，加丁香。
如果是饮冷食伤，加高良姜。
如果是滑脱性泄泻，加肉豆蔻。
如果是风痰导致四肢沉重困倦，加荆芥。
如果是腿膝冷痛，加牛膝。
如果是浑身虚肿拘急，加地骨皮。
如果是腿膝湿痹，加菟丝子。
如果是白痢，加吴茱萸。
如果是赤痢，加黄连。
如果是头风，加藁本。
如果是转筋霍乱，加楠木皮。
如果是七邪六极（泛指各种严重的邪气和极度的虚弱），出现耳鸣、梦遗、盗汗、四肢沉重、腿膝酸软痿弱，以及妇人子宫久冷、月经不调者，加肉桂。
如果是胃寒呕吐严重，多加生姜；另一种方法是加茯苓、丁香各三两，共成六味药。
如果是气机不畅、中脘痞塞，加缩砂仁、香附子各三两，加生姜煎服。
如果与五苓散各半合用，称为对金饮子。
如果与六一散相合，称为黄白散。
如果与钱氏异功散相合，称为调胃散。
如果想进食，加神曲、麦芽、吴茱萸、蜀椒、干姜、桂枝，即为吴茱萸汤。
如果加藁本、桔梗，称为和解散，治疗伤寒引起的呕吐腹泻。
如果加藿香、半夏，称为金不换正气散。
如果是疟疾寒热往来，加柴胡。
如果是小肠气痛，加苦楝子、茴香。
(The three formulas for Xianxiong Decoction and the five formulas for Xiexin Decoction are in *Baoming Ji*, omitted here.)
Examples of Modifications to Lizhong Tang:
If affected by cold or dampness, add Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root) 1-2 liang, which becomes Fuzi Lizhong Tang.
If suffering from Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome with vomiting and diarrhea), add Juhong (Tangerine Peel) and Qingju (Green Tangerine Peel) each 1-2 liang, which becomes Zhizhong Tang.
If suffering from Gan Huoluan (dry cholera with inability to vomit or defecate) and severe heart/abdominal pain, first administer a small amount of salt water; once expelled, then administer this medicine.
If accompanied by vomiting, add Dingxiang (Clove) and Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) each 1 liang to Zhizhong Tang; decoct together with 10 slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) per dose.
If suffering from loose stools, add Juhong and Fuling (Poria) each 1-2 liang, which becomes Buzhong Tang.
If loose stools persist, add Fuzi 1 liang to Buzhong Tang; if there is aversion to drinking and undigested food in stool, add Suazhenren (Amomum Fruit) 1 liang, totaling eight ingredients.
If suffering from Huoluan with vomiting, heart/abdominal pain, and cold extremities, remove Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) from the base formula and add Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconite), named Sishun Tang.
If suffering from Shanghan (Cold Damage) JieXiong (chest binding syndrome), first decoct Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) and Zhike (Bitter Orange Fruit) in equal parts; if ineffective, or after various vomiting/diarrhea syndromes presenting with chest oppression nearing collapse, high epigastric region, acute pain intolerable to touch, add Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Fuling each 1-2 liang, which becomes Zhishi Lizhong Tang.
If thirsty, add Gualougen (Trichosanthes Root) 1 liang to Zhishi Lizhong Tang.
If cramps occur after Huoluan, add Huoshi Gao (Calcined Gypsum) 1 liang to Lizhong Tang.
If there is pulsation above the navel, indicating Kidney Qi movement, remove Baizhu and add Guigui (Cinnamon Bark) 1.5 liang. Since the Kidney dislikes dryness, it is said that Baizhu may induce Ben Tun (voluptuous gas rising from lower abdomen); thus Guigui is added.
If palpitations are frequent, add Fuling 1 liang.
If desiring to drink water, add Baizhu 0.5 liang.
If severely averse to cold, add Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) 0.5 liang.
If abdominal fullness occurs, remove Baizhu and add Fuzi 1 liang.
If caused by excessive alcohol consumption or eating roasted/fried hot foods leading to nosebleeds (Bi Nie), add Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome) 1 liang.
If stomach injury leads to hematemesis (vomiting blood), this medicine regulates the Middle Jiao, differentiates Yin and Yang, and stabilizes blood vessels; use only the base formula.
If poisoned by Fuzi, also use the base formula.
If using only Gancao (Licorice Root) and Ganjiang in equal parts decocted, still resolve toxicity with Dou (Black Soybean) decoction.
Examples of Modifications to Pingwei San:
For spleen dampness causing diarrhea, add Fuling, Dingxiang, and Baizhu, termed Tiaowei San; alternatively, add Huoxiang (Patchouli) and Banxia.
If adding Ganjiang, it becomes Nongpo Tang.
For Wen Yi (plague epidemic) seasonal qi, where two toxins injure cold causing headache and high fever, add Lianxu (Lotus Stamen), Congbai (Scallion White) 5 cun, and Douchi (Fermented Soybeans) 30 grains; decoct and take 2-3 doses until slight sweating occurs for cure.
For Wu Lao Qi Shang (five labors and seven injuries) with heat in palms/soles, irritability, and generalized joint soreness, add Chaihu (Bupleurum Root).
For phlegm cough and malaria, add Jiang Zhi Banxia (Ginger-processed Pinellia).
For organ-specific Qi pain, add Huixiang (Fennel).
For fire Qi rushing and fullness, add Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark).
For women’s red and white leukorrhea, add Huangbo (Phellodendron Bark).
For alcohol injury, add Dingxiang.
For cold drink and food injury, add Gaoliangjiang (Galangal Rhizome).
For slippery/prolapse diarrhea, add Roudoukou (Nutmeg).
For wind-phlegm causing heavy and lethargic limbs, add Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike).
For cold pain in legs/knees, add Niuxi (Achyranthes Root).
For general body edema and stiffness, add Digupi (Wolfiporia Cortex/Dogwood Bark - *Note: Context suggests Digupi usually refers to Lycii Cortex, but text says Digupi which is often Dogwood/Cornus, however in some contexts Digupi is used for clearing deficiency heat. Given "Xu Yong" (deficiency swelling), Digupi (Lycii Cortex) is common, but literal translation is Digupi*). *Correction based on standard herb list*: Digupi typically refers to Cornus Officinalis Fructus in some older texts or Lycium Bark. In modern WHO terms, Digupi is often Lycii Cortex. However, strictly following text: Digupi.
For damp bi-syndrome in legs/knees, add Tusizi (Cuscuta Seed).
For white dysentery, add Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit).
For red dysentery, add Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome).
For Tou Feng (head wind/headache), add Ben Cao (Ligusticum Sinense Rhizome).
For cramps/Huoluan, add Nanmu Pi (Nanmu Bark).
For Qi Xie Liu Ji (seven evils and six extremes) manifesting as tinnitus, nocturnal emission, night sweats, heavy limbs, weak/sore legs/knees, and women’s uterine cold with irregular menstruation, add Rougui (Cinnamon Bark).
For stomach cold with severe vomiting, add more Shengjiang; alternatively, add Fuling and Dingxiang each 3 liang, totaling six ingredients.
For stagnant Qi and epigastric obstruction, add Suazhenren and Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome) each 3 liang, decoct with Shengjiang.
If combined equally with Wuling San, it becomes Duijin Yinzi.
If combined with Liuyi San, it becomes Huangbai San.
If combined with Qian Shi Yigong San, it becomes Tiaowei San.
To promote appetite, add Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Maiya (Barley Sprout), Wuzhuyu, Shuzhuo (Sichuan Pepper), Ganjiang, and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), becoming Wuzhuyu Tang.
If adding Ben Cao and Jiegeng, it becomes Hejie San, treating Shanghan with vomiting/diarrhea.
If adding Huoxiang and Banxia, it becomes Jinbuhuan Zhengqi San.
For malaria with alternating chills and fever, add Chaihu.
For Xiao Chang Qi Tong (Small Intestine Qi pain), add Kelian (Melia Toosendan Fruit) and Huixiang.