江 庵《本草备要》后附此，宜熟读之，无庸再着。
春夏秋冬长夏时，青黄赤白黑随宜。
左肝右肺形呈颊，心额肾颐鼻主脾。
察位须知生者吉，审时若遇克堪悲。
更于黯泽分新旧，隐隐微黄是愈期。
又有辨舌之法。舌上无苔为在表，鲜红为火，淡白为寒(主无苔言，非谓苔之淡白也。)
若有白苔为半表半里，黄苔为在里，黑苔病入少阴，多死。苔润有液为寒，苔燥无液为火，
舌上无苔如去油腰子为亡液，不治。
肝怒声呼心喜笑，脾为思念发为歌，
肺金忧虑形为哭，肾主呻吟恐亦多。
又法，气衰言微者为虚，气盛言厉者为实，语言首尾不相顾者神昏，狂言怒骂者实热，
痰声漉漉者死，久病闻呃为胃绝。大抵语言声音以不异于平时者吉，反者为凶。
(出《景岳全书》。张心在增润之)
一问寒热二问汗，三问头身四问便，
五问饮食六问胸，七聋八渴俱当辨，
九问旧病十问因，再兼服药参机变，
妇人尤必问经期，迟速闭崩皆可见，
再添短语告儿科，天花麻疹虔占验。
微茫指下最难知，条绪寻来悟治丝(旧诀以浮、芤、滑、实、弦、紧、洪为七表，以沉
、微、迟、缓、濡、伏、弱、涩为八里，以长、短、虚、促、结、代、牢、动、细为九道，
李濒湖、李士材加入数、革、散三脉，共二十七字，实难摸索。必得其头绪如治丝者，始有
条不紊)。三部分持成定法(左寸外以候心，内以候膻中。右寸外以候肺，内以候胸中。左关
外以候肝，内以候鬲。右关外以候胃，内以候脾。两尺外以候肾，内以候腹。腹者，大小二
肠、膀胱俱在其中。前以候前，后以候后。上竟上者，胸喉中事也；下竟下者，小腹、腰股
、膝胫中事也。此照《内经》分发之法)，八纲易见是良规(浮主表，沉主里，二脉于指下轻
重辨之，易见也。迟主寒，数主热，二脉以息之至数分之，易见也。大主邪实，细主正虚，
二脉以形之阔窄分之，易见也。长主素盛，短主素弱，二脉以部之长短分之，易见也。以此
八脉为纲。其余诸脉，辨其兼见可也，置而弗辨亦可也。起四句，总提切脉之大法也)。胃
资水谷人根本(脉属肺而肺受气于胃)，土具冲和脉委蛇(不坚直而和缓也，脉得中土之生气
如此，此以察胃气为第一要)。脏气全凭生克验(审脏气之生克为第二要。如脾病畏弦，木克
土也。肺病畏洪，火克金也。反是，则与脏气无害)。天时且向逆从窥(推天运之顺逆为第三
要。如春气属木脉宜弦，夏气属火脉宜洪之类。反是，则与天气不应)。阳为浮数形偏亢(仲
景以浮、大、动、滑、数为阳，凡脉之有力者俱是，阴则沉迟势更卑(仲景以沉、涩、弱、
弦、迟为阴，凡脉之无力者皆是。此又提出阴阳二字，以起下四句辨脉病之宜忌，为第四要
)。外感阴来非吉兆(外感之证，脉宜浮洪，而反细弱，则正不胜邪矣)，内虚阳现实堪悲(脱
血之后，脉宜静细，而反洪大，则气亦外脱矣)。诸凡偏胜皆成病(偏阳而洪大，偏阴而细弱
，皆病脉也)，忽变非常即弗医(旧诀有雀啄、屋漏、鱼翔、虾游、弹石、解索、釜沸七怪之
说，总因阴阳离决，忽现出反常之象)。只此数言占必应，《脉经》铺叙总支离(病之名有万
，而脉象不过数十种，且一病而数十种之脉无不可见，何能诊脉而即知为何病耶?脉书欺人
之语，最不可听)。
江庵在《本草备要》后附录了这些内容，应当熟读，无需我再赘述。
春、夏、秋、冬及长夏（夏季最后一个月份，对应脾土）的时令不同，面色随季节变化而呈现青、黄、赤、白、黑五色，需酌情观察。
左手脉候肝，右手脉候肺，其形态如脸颊般分布；心对应额头，肾对应下巴（颐），鼻对应脾。
观察脉位需要知道相生者为吉，审察时令若遇到相克者则令人悲伤。
更通过色泽的晦暗与润泽来区分病情的新久，隐隐透出微黄色是疾病将愈的时期。
又有辨别舌象的方法。舌面上没有苔垢表示病邪在表，舌色鲜红表示有火（热证），舌色淡白表示有寒（此处指无苔的情况而言，并非指苔色淡白）。
如果有白苔表示病在半表半里，黄苔表示病在里，黑苔表示病邪已入少阴经，多预后不良致死。舌苔湿润有津液表示属寒，舌苔干燥无津液表示属火（热证）。
舌上无苔且光滑如去油的腰子（猪腰子），表示津液枯竭，属于不治之症。
肝气郁怒则发出呼号声，心气喜乐则发为笑声，脾气思虑过度则发为歌声，
肺气忧虑则表现为哭泣，肾气主呻吟，恐惧情绪也多表现为呻吟。
另一种方法，气息衰弱、声音低微的是虚证，气息旺盛、声音洪亮的是实证，言语首尾不相应顾盼的是神志昏迷，胡言乱语、怒骂的是实热证，
喉间痰声漉漉的是死证，久病出现呃逆（打嗝）是胃气绝的表现。大致来说，语言声音如果不异于平时则是吉兆，相反则为凶兆。
（出自《景岳全书》，张心在此处进行了增补润色）
一问寒热症状，二问出汗情况，三问头身疼痛，四问大小便，
五问饮食状况，六问胸腹不适，七问耳聋，八问口渴，都应当辨别清楚，
九问既往病史，十问发病原因，再结合服药情况参悟病情变化，
妇女尤其必须询问月经情况，经期迟速、闭经或崩漏都能从中看出，
再加几句短语告诫儿科医生，天花和麻疹的病情虔诚占卜验证。
手指下的脉象细微茫远，最难知晓，梳理条理如同理清乱丝（旧口诀以浮、芤、滑、实、弦、紧、洪为七表脉，以沉、微、迟、缓、濡、伏、弱、涩为八里脉，以长、短、虚、促、结、代、牢、动、细为九道脉，李时珍、李士材加入数、革、散三种脉，共二十七种脉象，实在难以摸索。必须像治丝一样得其头绪，才能有条不紊）。三部脉寸关尺分别持按成为定法（左寸外侧候心，内侧候膻中。右寸外侧候肺，内侧候胸中。左关外侧候肝，内侧候膈。右关外侧候胃，内侧候脾。两尺外侧候肾，内侧候腹部。腹部包括大小肠、膀胱等。前部候身体前侧病症，后部候身体后侧病症。脉气上达尽处，反映胸喉中的病变；脉气下达尽处，反映小腹、腰股、膝胫中的病变。这是依照《内经》的分发方法）。八纲脉容易见到是良好的规范（浮脉主表证，沉脉主里证，这两类脉在指下通过轻重按压即可辨别，容易见到。迟脉主寒证，数脉主热证，这两类脉通过计算呼吸至脉搏跳动的次数来区分，容易见到。大脉主邪气盛实，细脉主正气虚弱，这两类脉通过脉形的宽窄来区分，容易见到。长脉主素体强壮，短脉主素体虚弱，这两类脉通过脉部的长短来区分，容易见到。以这八种脉作为纲领。其余各种脉象，辨别其兼见情况即可，或者置之不理也可以。这四句诗总括了切脉的大法）。胃气资助水谷摄入，是人体根本（脉象虽由肺所主，但肺受气于胃），土性具有冲和之气，脉象委蛇舒缓（不坚直而是和缓的样子，脉象得到中土之生气如此，这是以察测胃气为第一要点）。脏气的强弱全凭五行生克来验证（审察脏气的生克关系为第二要点。例如脾病畏惧弦脉，因为木克土。肺病畏惧洪脉，因为火克金。反之，则对脏气无害）。天时气候且从顺逆中窥探（推演天运的顺逆为第三要点。例如春气属木，脉象宜弦；夏气属火，脉象宜洪之类。反之，则与天气不相适应）。阳脉表现为浮、数，形态偏于亢盛（张仲景以浮、大、动、滑、数为阳脉，凡是脉有力的都属于此类），阴脉则沉、迟，气势更为卑微（张仲景以沉、涩、弱、弦、迟为阴脉，凡是脉无力的都属于此类。这里又提出阴阳二字，以引起下面四句关于辨脉病宜忌的内容，为第四要点）。外感病如果见到阴脉不是吉兆（外感病症，脉象宜浮洪，反而出现细弱，则是正气不胜邪气），内伤病虚损如果见到阳脉现实在令人悲伤（脱血之后，脉象宜静细，反而出现洪大，则是气也向外脱逸了）。凡是偏胜的脉象都会导致疾病（偏阳而洪大，偏阴而细弱，都是病脉），突然变得非常怪异就不能医治了（旧口诀有雀啄、屋漏、鱼翔、虾游、弹石、解索、釜沸七种怪脉的说法，总因阴阳离决，忽然现出反常之象）。只凭这几句话占断必然应验，《脉经》中的铺叙支离破碎（病的名称有上万种，而脉象不过数十种，而且一种病可能出现数十种脉象，无不可见，怎么能仅凭诊脉就知道是什么病呢？脉书欺骗人的话语，最不可听信）。
Jiang An appended this content after *Bencao Bei Yao* (Compendium of Materia Medica Essentials), which should be read thoroughly; there is no need for me to elaborate further.
During the seasons of Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, and the Long Summer (the last month of summer, corresponding to Spleen Earth), the complexion changes with the season, presenting Green, Yellow, Red, White, and Black colors appropriately.
The left pulse corresponds to Liver, and the right pulse to Lung, distributed in shape like cheeks; Heart corresponds to the forehead, Kidney to the chin (Yi), and Nose to Spleen.
Observing the pulse position requires knowing that generation (Sheng) brings auspiciousness, while encountering restriction (Ke) in timing brings sorrow.
Furthermore, distinguish between new and old conditions by observing whether the luster is dull or bright; a faint yellowish hue indicates the period of recovery.
There is also a method for examining the tongue. A tongue without coating indicates the pathogen is at the Exterior; a fresh red color indicates Fire (Heat); a pale white color indicates Cold (referring here to the absence of coating, not a pale white coating itself).
A white coating indicates the pathogen is at the Half-Exterior Half-Interior; a yellow coating indicates the pathogen is at the Interior; a black coating indicates the pathogen has entered the Shaoyin channel, often resulting in death. A moist and fluid-coated tongue indicates Cold; a dry and fluid-less coated tongue indicates Fire (Heat).
A tongue without coating, smooth as if the kidney had been scrubbed with oil, indicates exhaustion of body fluids and is incurable.
Anger of the Liver manifests as shouting; Joy of the Heart manifests as laughter; Overthinking of the Spleen manifests as singing;
Worry of the Metal-Lung manifests as crying; The Kidney governs groaning, and Fear also often manifests as groaning.
Another method: Weak qi and low voice indicate Deficiency; Abundant qi and loud voice indicate Excess; Speech that does not correspond coherently indicates confusion of Shen (Spirit); Delirious speech and cursing indicate Excess Heat;
Gurgling phlegm sounds indicate death; Hiccups heard in chronic illness indicate the extinction of Stomach Qi. Generally, speech and voice that are not different from one's normal state are auspicious, while those that are contrary are ominous.
(From *Jingyue Quanshu*, augmented and polished by Zhang Xin)
First ask about Chills and Fever, second ask about Sweating, third ask about Head and Body pain, fourth ask about Bowel movements and Urination,
Fifth ask about Diet, sixth ask about Chest discomfort, seventh ask about Deafness, eighth ask about Thirst, all of which must be distinguished.
Ninth ask about past illnesses, tenth ask about causes, then combine with medication history to discern changes in the condition.
For women, it is essential to ask about the Menstrual Period; delays, rapidity, amenorrhea, or metrorrhagia can all be seen.
Add a few phrases to advise pediatricians: for Smallpox and Measles, sincere divination and verification are required.
The subtle pulse felt under the fingers is hardest to know; sorting out the threads is like unraveling tangled silk (Old rhymes listed Floating, Knotted, Slippery, Full, Wiry, Tight, and Surging as Seven Exterior pulses; Deep, Micro, Slow, Moderate, Soggy, Hidden, Weak, Choppy as Eight Interior pulses; Long, Short, Empty, Rapid, Knotted, Intermittent, Firm, Moving, and Fine as Nine Dao pulses. Li Shizhen and Li Shicai added Rapid, Leathery, and Scattered pulses, totaling twenty-seven types, which are hard to grasp. One must find the order like managing silk to proceed systematically). Holding the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) separately is the established method (Left Cun exteriorly inspects Heart, interiorly inspects Danzhong. Right Cun exteriorly inspects Lung, interiorly inspects Chest Middle. Left Guan exteriorly inspects Liver, interiorly inspects Diaphragm. Right Guan exteriorly inspects Stomach, interiorly inspects Spleen. Both Chi exteriorly inspect Kidney, interiorly inspect Abdomen. The Abdomen includes Large and Small Intestines and Bladder. Anterior part inspects anterior ailments, posterior part inspects posterior ailments. Pulse reaching the upper limit reflects matters of Chest and Throat; pulse reaching the lower limit reflects matters of Lower Abdomen, Waist, Thighs, Knees, and Calves. This follows the distribution method of *Neijing*). The Eight Principles (Ba Gang) are easy to see and serve as good guidelines (Floating pulse governs Exterior, Deep pulse governs Interior; these two are easily distinguished by light and heavy pressure under the fingers. Slow pulse governs Cold, Rapid pulse governs Heat; these two are distinguished by counting breaths per pulse beat, easily seen. Large pulse governs Pathogenic Excess, Fine pulse governs Healthy Deficiency; these two are distinguished by the width of the pulse form, easily seen. Long pulse governs constitutionally strong, Short pulse governs constitutionally weak; these two are distinguished by the length of the pulse segment, easily seen. Use these eight pulses as the outline. For other pulses, distinguishing their concurrent appearances is sufficient, or ignoring them is also acceptable. These four lines summarize the general principles of pulse taking). Stomach nourishes water and grain intake, forming the root of the human body (Pulse belongs to Lung, but Lung receives Qi from Stomach); Earth possesses harmonious Qi, and the pulse winds gently (not rigid but relaxed and slow; the pulse obtains the vital Qi of Central Earth thusly; this emphasizes inspecting Stomach Qi as the first priority). Zang organ Qi relies entirely on generation and restriction for verification (Inspecting the generation and restriction of Zang Qi is the second priority. For example, Spleen disease fears Wiry pulse, as Wood restricts Earth. Lung disease fears Surging pulse, as Fire restricts Metal. Conversely, this does not harm the Zang Qi). Observe the顺应 or opposition of Heavenly Times (Deducing the compliance or opposition of celestial movement is the third priority. For instance, Spring Qi belongs to Wood, so the pulse should be Wiry; Summer Qi belongs to Fire, so the pulse should be Surging, etc. Conversely, this does not accord with Heavenly Qi). Yang manifests as Floating and Rapid, with forms tending toward hyperactivity (Zhang Zhongjing classified Floating, Large, Moving, Slippery, and Rapid as Yang pulses; any forceful pulse falls into this category); Yin manifests as Deep and Slow, with momentum being more humble (Zhang Zhongjing classified Deep, Choppy, Weak, Wiry, and Slow as Yin pulses; any forceless pulse falls into this category. Here, Yin and Yang are raised again to introduce the following four lines regarding the appropriateness or inappropriateness of pulse-disease correspondence, serving as the fourth priority). In external contraction diseases, the appearance of Yin pulses is not an auspicious sign (In external contraction syndromes, the pulse should be Floating and Surging; if instead it is Fine and Weak, Healthy Qi cannot overcome Pathogenic Qi). In internal deficiency diseases, the manifestation of Yang pulses is truly sorrowful (After hemorrhage, the pulse should be quiet and Fine; if instead it is Surging and Large, Qi is also escaping outward). Any pulse showing excessiveness leads to disease (Pulse biased toward Yang—Large and Surging; biased toward Yin—Fine and Weak—are both pathological pulses). Sudden appearance of extraordinary anomalies means it cannot be treated (Old rhymes mention seven strange pulses: Sparrow Pecking, House Leaking, Fish Swimming, Shrimp Swimming, Bullet Stone, Untying Knots, and Cauldron Boiling. All result from the separation of Yin and Yang, suddenly presenting abnormal images). With just these words, prognosis will surely be accurate; the elaborations in *Mai Jing* (Classic of Pulse Diagnosis) are fragmented and disjointed (Diseases number in the tens of thousands, while pulse images number only in the dozens. Moreover, any of the dozens of pulses can appear in a single disease. How can one diagnose the specific disease solely by pulse? Words in pulse books that deceive people are the least trustworthy).