平，益气强志，常服令人有子。有无骨者谓之柔鱼，须长直，味尤佳，风浪稍急，即以须粘石为缆。
蛤蟆
蛤蟆味辛寒有毒，痈肿金疮可内服，破 治疳攻犬伤，生捣又堪 打扑，蟾酥乃是蟾之精，恶疮疳瘦效
尤速。
即今癞蛤蟆，又名蟾蜍。形小腹大，皮上多黑点，能跳接百虫食之。时在坡泽中作呷呷声、举动极急者。
主痈疽发背，疠癞，恶疮，阴蚀，疥癣，肿毒立消。破 坚，治小儿疳气骨热，目昏，面黄瘦，狂犬咬毒。
生捣烂， 打扑损伤。丹溪云∶属土与水。本草言食之不患热病者，或炙、或干、或烧灰，和在药剂用之，非
若世人煮为羹入盐味而啜其汤。此物湿化，火能发湿，久则湿以化热，戒之戒之！兼治虫蚀。下部穿肠，蛤蟆
一枚，鸡骨一分，烧灰，吹下部令深，大验。又小儿月蚀疮，和猪脂涂之。凡使，端午日取东行者，去皮、爪、
肠、肚，阴干，酥炙，或酒炙去骨，或烧灰用。蟾酥，即眉间白汁。取法∶翻转蟾蜍，四脚向天，勿令射眼即
瞎，用手指于眉间挤出于油纸上，阴干。主痈疽疔肿瘰 ，一切恶疮顽癣，又蛀牙齿缝中出血，以纸衽蘸少许
按之立止。又和牛酥，以吴萸苗汁调，摩腰眼并阴囊，治腰肾冷，助阳气。又端午日取眉酥入朱砂、麝香，为
丸麻子大，空心服一丸，治小儿疳瘦；如脑疳以乳汁调，
滴鼻中。蟾肪，能软玉易斫，仍解诸疮毒。蟾脑，明目，疗青盲。
鲮鲤甲
鲮鲤甲微寒有毒，蚁 痔疮敷且服，痹风瘴疟血冲心，又治惊邪多啼哭。
产于陵，似鲤，而生鳞若铁甲也。以其好穿地道，又名穿山甲。主诸恶疮疥癣、痔 乳痈，烧灰敷之，
或水或酒调服。《图经》云∶日中出岸，开鳞甲若死，令蚁入中，蚁满，便闭而入水，蚁皆浮出，因接而食之，
故主蚁 为最。治风痹，疗山岚瘴疟、产后血气冲心血晕，此药能通气和血。兼治小儿惊邪、妇人被邪啼哭及
诸疰疾。水洗，细锉，蚌粉炒成珠，为末。
水蛭
水蛭苦咸性毒凉，善吮痈疽理折伤，更利宿血通积结，堕胎通经救妇娘。
蛭，质也，水中质质也。又名马 、马蝗。有毒。治赤白游疹及痈疽肿毒，先洗去肿处皮咸，以竹筒盛
蛭缀之，须臾便吮，血满自脱，更用饥者吮之，以皮皱肉白为度，无不瘥也。又治跌打折伤有功，热酒调下一
钱，食顷痛可，更一服痛止。或和麝香为末，酒下一钱，当利蓄血。盖苦走血，咸胜血，所以伤寒血症用之。
兼利水道，破血 。昔楚王食寒菹所得而吞之，果能去结积。虽曰阴 ，亦是物性兼然。妇人积聚 块，月闭
无子亦用之，堕胎则最急也。有石蛭、泥蛭、草蛭，惟水中蛭，小者佳。此物难死，加火炙经年，亦如鱼子；
烟熏三年，得水犹活。五六月采，腹中有子者去之，先以米泔浸一宿，日干，细锉，微火炒，或猪脂煎令黄色
乃熟，不尔，入腹生子为害。畏盐及锻石。
蜈蚣
蜈蚣有毒能攻毒，气味辛温杀恶虫，消积破瘀堕胎产，口疮牙噤保婴童。
大吴川谷中最广，江南亦有之。背绿腹黄，头足赤而大者为公，黄细者为母，用公不用母，故曰公。
解诸疮毒及丹硫毒，制诸蛇毒及虫鱼毒、蛊毒、尸疰恶气。杀三虫，止邪疟，疗心腹寒热积聚， 瘕，去恶血
堕胎。又治小儿撮口，舌上生疮，牙关不开，不能收乳，为末，以猪乳汁调灌之。此物鸡好食之，故中其毒者，
以乌鸡屎水调涂之，或蛞蝓尤妙。麝啖蛇则专制蛇毒，菁园无蜘蛛，物性相制，每每如此。姜汁炙，去头足，
为末，再用绵纸盛，就无烟火上炒熟用之。
斑蝥
斑蝥辛寒须炒熟，内消瘰 敷癣毒，破血 又破石癃，通经堕胎溃人肉。
甲上有黄黑斑纹如描画也。大毒。主瘰 疔肿，恶疮疽蚀，死肌顽癣，生痂痒甚。破血积 瘕，利水道，
疗石淋，通经堕胎，行蛊毒。《衍义》云∶孕妇不可服。为能溃人肉，治淋药多用，极苦，人尤宜斟酌。七八
月豆盛时采，阴干，去翅足，入糯米中炒，米黄为度，生则令人吐泻。马刀为使，恶巴豆、丹参、空青、肤青。
芜荑
芜荑无毒味辛平，疗风治疥杀虫灵，积 肠滑不可缺，腹心冷气痛堪凭。
芜，秽也；荑，伤也，其气臭如伤败之物也。疗皮肤骨节中风毒，淫淫如虫行，又治恶疮、疥癣、痔 、
一切疮，多用外敷。性杀虫，去三虫，逐寸白芨脾胃有虫。食即痛， 结积聚，肠鸣腹痛，冷痢滑泻及冷气心
痛不可缺也。兼治妇人子宫风虚，小儿疳积，中恶蛊毒。孟诜云∶多用发热心痛，为辛故也。陈久者良，小者
即榆荚仁，止堪为酱及治鸡病，入药当用大者，面炒黄，得诃子、豆蔻良。
雷丸
雷丸咸苦冷微毒，逐皮热毒杀诸虫，摩膏疗儿百种病，久服伤阴男女同。
雷，累也；丸，圆也，累累相连如圆状也。主散皮肤中热结毒瓦斯，胃中邪热。杀疮疥中虫及寸白三虫。
作摩膏除小儿百般积病。本草
云∶利丈夫，不利女人。疏利男子元气，不疏利女子脏气，非利益之利也。故又曰∶久服令阴痿。要之，疏利
之剂伤阴损血，男女中病则已，皆不宜过服。兼治癫痫狂走，蛊毒。出汉中，白者佳，赤者杀人。醋浸泡，去
黑皮，焙。雷公以甘草汤浸二日，刮去黑皮，酒拌蒸半日，焙干用。芫花、浓朴、荔核为使。恶葛根。
芦荟
芦荟苦寒疗热风，脑疳鼻痒齿 空，目昏颈癣并痔 ，镇儿惊痫杀疳虫。
芦，黑也∶荟，合也。木之脂液凝成，色黑如锡，用数块散至水中，化则自合者为真。以其味苦，故又名
象胆。雷公云∶即番国白象胆也。无毒。主风热烦闷，胸间热气。吹鼻，治脑疳，除鼻痒，敷齿 。和甘草减
半为末，敷颈项耳颊癣疮湿痒并痔疾疮 。又明目镇心，治小儿癫痫，惊风，诸热。疗五疳，杀蛔虫、三虫。
解巴豆毒。另研用。
硫黄
硫黄甘酸性大热，杀诸疮虫燥脓血，壮肾阳气暖肺脾，涩精治痹除呃噎。
硫，流也。助焰硝成火药，流而不返。又硫乃石之液，火之精也。有毒。疗疽痔恶疮，头秃，下部 疮，
妇人阴蚀，一切疥癣，诸疮， 肉，恶血。杀虫及腹脏诸虫。暖肾壮阳，脚冷疼弱光力，筋骨顽痹，下元虚冷，
泄精冷秘。又治脾寒久泻，心腹 癖积聚及肺胃俱冷，咳逆上气，鼻衄，一切脾肾元气欲绝，服之皆验。中病
即已，不可过剂。能化金银铜铁奇物。《液》云∶来复丹用硝石之类，至阳佐以至阴，与白通汤佐以人溺、猪
胆汁大意相同。所以去拒格之寒，兼有伏阳，不得不尔。如无伏阳，不必以阴药佐之也。出广州舶上，矾石液
也。色黄莹净者佳，凡使，溶化入麻油中，或入童便中浸七日，细研水飞，入痼冷药，以雀脑髓拌之则不臭。
一法∶硫黄四两，用白矾半斤，入瓦罐内，以豆腐浆煮一日，去水慢火熬干，令结成一块。次日挖地坑埋一瓦
罐，内贮米醋一碗，另用铁叶一片，钻十数孔于上，盖定罐口，却取前硫黄罐子覆铁叶上，两口相对，外以盐
泥封固，候干，以炭火 三炷香久，其白矾粘于上罐，硫黄溜于下罐醋内，候冷取出，水浸一宿，阴干，研用。
曾青为使。畏细辛、铁。又土硫黄，出广南荣州，溪涧水中流出。味辛、热，腥臭。主疮疥，杀蛊毒。
雄黄
雄黄苦甘平有毒，治诸疮癣鼻 肉，化蛊杀虫辟瘴邪，破 癖令筋骨续。
出 煌山，产山之阳者为雄，山之阴者为雌。疗诸疮，疥癣，痔 ， 疮，鼻中 肉，一切恶疮死肌。
昔有误食发而成腹蛊，饮一剂，吐蛇无目，烧之有发气，即愈，此化蛊毒之验也。解藜芦毒，杀诸蛇虺及百虫
毒，辟岚瘴鬼魅、中恶邪气。破 瘕积聚及绝筋破骨、百节中大风。《药性论》云∶人佩之，鬼神不能近；入
山林，虎野狼伏；涉川济，毒物不敢伤；孕妇佩之，转女为男。单方为末，蒸饼为丸，甘草汤下，暑痢、暑泄皆
效。赤如鸡冠明彻坚实不臭者，可入服食药，余但可疗疮，细研水飞。
雌黄
雌黄辛甘平有毒，恶疮疥癞头生秃，身痒白驳皮死肌，肺劳久嗽亦堪服。
主恶疮痂疥，乌癞头秃，鼻中 肉，下部 疮，虫风身痒，身面白驳，皮肤死肌及肺劳久嗽，妇人血气
久冷，心痛不止。兼杀蜂、蛇毒，辟恶邪气。《衍义》云∶入药最稀，治外功多。服食者宜详审之。色黄似云
母，甲错可折者佳。细研，入瓦罐中，火 通红，候冷细研，水飞用。
白矾
白矾酸寒治诸疮，瘰 鼻 阴蚀痒，耳目口齿喉风痹，热痰渴泄毒虫伤。
矾，卤也。地之湿者产卤，淋卤而成矾也。无毒。主恶疮，瘰 ，痔漏，阴蚀，脓出痒甚，甲疽肿痛，
鼻中 肉， 衄，一切疥癣风疹，去恶
生肌之妙剂也。又治耳卒肿出脓，目赤目翳 肉，口舌生疮，牙齿肿痛出血，历久碎坏欲尽，急喉风痹，心肺
烦热，风涎壅盛，作渴泄痢。兼治蛇蝎、恶犬、壁镜、驴涎、马汗毒伤。此药本除热在骨髓，多服则反伤骨；
本能却水消痰，多服反伤心肺。出晋州，白色光明者佳。细研入瓦罐中，火 半日，色白如轻粉者名枯矾。
惟化痰生用，治齿痛喉痹，绵裹，生含咽之。甘草为使。恶牡蛎，畏麻黄。抑考矾有五等∶惟白矾多入药用；
绿矾疗诸疮，亦入咽喉口齿药；黄矾，本丹灶家所须，亦疗疮生肉染皮；黑矾，又名皂矾，疗疳及染须发药用
之；红矾，即石胆，本绿色， 之则色赤，今亦稀见。鲫矾散∶鲫鱼一个，破去肠，入白矾令满，瓦上烧存性，
为末。用鸡毛卷药敷之，治痔漏久不愈者，效。
丹砂
丹砂微寒甘无毒，发痘治诸疮 肉，凉心润肺更清肝，益气通血明眼目。
丹，言其色赤也，形质颗块如砂，又名朱砂。治诸疮，疥痂， 肉，内服外涂。痘疮将出，服之解毒，
令出少。治心热烦躁，养精神，安魂魄，润肺止渴，清肝明目，纳浮溜之火，益气益精，通血脉，兼辟邪恶瘟
疫，中恶腹痛，破 瘕，下死胎。但宜生使，炼服有毒。《周礼》以五毒攻疮疡，用丹砂、石胆、雄黄、矾石、
磁石置瓦合中，火 三日夜，其烟上着，以鸡羽扫取之以注疮，恶肉、腐骨、脓血溃出即愈。出辰州，光明莹
彻，大者如鸡子，小者如石榴子，箭镞紫暗若铁色，碎之作墙壁云母片者佳。细研水飞，灰碗内铺纸渗干用。
恶磁石，畏咸水。
乳香
乳香辛温善止痛，疗诸风疮及风中，消肿止泻定霍乱，补肾催生俱要用。
形似乳头，即波斯国松木脂也。纯阳，无毒。能调气血，定诸经之痛，内而心腹骨节，外而疮疡痈疽疼
痛者必用之。疗诸风疮、瘾疹、痒毒，入药服之则内消，煎膏贴之则生肌。又治中风口噤不语，消风水毒肿，
止大肠泄 ，定霍乱，补肾益精，暖腰膝，下肾气，妇人难产，催生下死，小儿急慢惊风，俱要药也。紫赤如
樱桃者上，枫香、松脂多可混之，烧之乃辨真伪。入丸、散，微炒，杀毒。得不粘，或捣碎纸包，席下眠一宿，
另研。一法，用时以缯袋挂于窗隙间，良久取研之乃不粘。又熏陆香亦其类也。
没药
没药苦平疗疮痍，破血止痛最为奇，腹心筋骨疼皆用，产后金疮也相宜。
没，沦没也。木之膏液没入地中凝结成块，大小不一，亦波斯国松脂也。但其色黑，无毒。东垣云∶没
药在治疮散血之科。凡血滞则气壅，经络满急而作痛肿，此药推陈致新，故能破宿血，消肿止痛，为疮家奇药
也。又治妇人内伤 结，脐腹 刺，堕胎，心腹俱痛，产后血晕、血气痛及历节诸风，骨节疼痛，一切金疮、
杖疮、打扑折伤皆宜。兼治卒下血，目中翳晕肤赤。制同乳香。
麒麟竭
麟麟竭味甘咸平，敛口生肌止血疼，更破血宿除血晕，女虚带下用之灵，紫矿内红外紫黑，能消阴滞益
阳精。
出南蕃。麒麟树之津液结成，又名血竭，言其色红也。有小毒。一切恶疮疥癣久不合口者，此药本生肌止
痛止血，但性急多用反能引脓。又主打伤折损疼痛及血气心腹 刺，破瘀血，去五脏邪气，除妇人产后血晕及
素虚赤白带下，血积。凡使，味微咸、甘，作栀子气，嚼之不烂如蜡者佳；味咸甚，作腥气者非入药。另研，
得密陀僧良。紫矿，生海南山谷，亦木中脂液结成，形若烂石，与血竭同条，功效全别。无毒。治湿痒疮疥，
宜入膏用。又能消阴滞气，益阳精，染家所须。
龙脑
龙脑辛温百药先，香透肾关及顶巅，下疳喉痹目肤翳，清心解热散风涎。
即婆律国杉木脂也。脑乃流出香液，药物惟此最贵，故称龙。气味清香为百药先，纯阳，
无毒。善散而窜，通利九窍，下则入肾入骨，上透耳目顶巅。人欲死者吞之，气即散尽，盖芳之甚而散之速也。
古方治目赤、内外肤翳、耳聋、喉痹，下疳疮及发豌豆疮，一切风疮多用之。又风湿邪气，心腹积聚，及时疾
心烦、狂燥惊热，大人、小儿风涎闭塞，妇人难产亦用之者，皆取其辛散故也。丹溪云∶龙脑属火。世人误以
为寒，而不知其性散甚似乎寒耳。《局方》辄用与麝同，为桂、附之助。人身阳易于动，阴易于亏，且诸香属
平性，能益气强志，长期服用可使人获得子嗣。没有骨骼的称为柔鱼，触须长且直，味道尤其好，遇到风浪稍急时，就用触须粘在石头上作为缆绳。
蛤蟆
蛤蟆味辛、性寒，有毒。痈肿和金创（金属利器造成的伤口）可以内服，能破除坚积，治疗疳积和狗咬伤；新鲜捣烂外敷还可以用于跌打损伤。蟾酥是蟾蜍的精华，治疗恶疮和疳瘦效果尤为迅速。
就是现在的癞蛤蟆，又名蟾蜍。形体腹部小背部大，皮上有很多黑点，能跳跃捕捉百虫食用。常在山坡沼泽中发出“呷呷”叫声，举动非常急促。
主治痈疽发背、麻风恶疮、恶疮、阴部腐蚀、疥癣，能使肿毒立即消退。破除坚硬积聚，治疗小儿疳气骨蒸潮热、目昏、面色黄瘦、狂犬咬伤中毒。
生捣烂，用于跌打损伤。朱丹溪说：属土与水。本草记载食用它不会患热病，有的炙烤、有的晒干、有的烧成灰，配合药剂使用，不像世人煮成羹汤加盐喝汤那样。此物湿气重，火能激发湿气，久了湿气会化热，务必戒慎！兼治虫蚀。下部肠穿，用蛤蟆一枚、鸡骨一分，烧成灰，吹入下部深处，效果显著。还有小儿月蚀疮，用猪脂调和涂抹。凡使用，要在端午节取向东爬行的，去掉皮、爪、肠、肚，阴干，用酥油炙，或用酒炙去骨，或烧成灰使用。蟾酥，即眉间的白色汁液。取法：翻转蟾蜍，四脚朝天，不要让汁液射入眼睛，否则会瞎，用手指在眉心挤出涂在油纸上，阴干。主治痈疽疔肿瘰疬，一切恶疮顽癣，以及蛀牙缝出血，用纸捻蘸少许按压，立止。又与牛酥混合，用吴茱萸苗汁调匀，按摩腰眼和阴囊，治疗腰肾冷，助阳气。又在端午日取眉间酥加入朱砂、麝香，做成梧桐子大小的丸药，空腹服一丸，治疗小儿疳瘦；如果是脑疳，用乳汁调匀滴入鼻中。蟾肪，能软化玉石使其易切，并能解各种疮毒。蟾脑，明目，治疗青盲（失明）。
鲮鲤甲
鲮鲤甲微寒，有毒。蚁痔痔疮敷贴并内服，痹症、风邪、瘴疟血冲心，又治疗惊邪多啼哭。
产于山陵，像鲤鱼，但生有鳞片如铁甲。因为它喜欢钻地道，又名穿山甲。主治各种恶疮疥癣、痔漏、乳痈，烧成灰敷贴，或用水或酒调服。《图经》说：中午上岸，张开鳞甲像死了一样，让蚂蚁进入其中，蚂蚁满了，就闭甲入水，蚂蚁都浮出来，于是接住吃掉，所以主治蚁痔最好。治疗风痹，疗治山岚瘴疟、产后血气冲心血晕，此药能通气和血。兼治小儿惊邪、妇人受邪气啼哭以及各种注连疾病。水洗，细锉，用蚌粉炒成珠状，研为末。
水蛭
水蛭味苦咸，性毒凉，善于吮吸痈疽脓血，调理折伤，更能利宿血通积结，堕胎通经救治妇女。
蛭，质也，水中的质质。又名马蛭、马蝗。有毒。治疗赤白游疹及痈疽肿毒，先洗去肿处皮肤上的咸味，用竹筒盛放蛭缀附在患处，一会儿便吮吸，血满自脱，再用饥饿的人吮吸，以皮肤起皱、肌肉变白为限度，无不痊愈。又治疗跌打折伤有功，热酒调下一钱，片刻后疼痛缓解，再服一次疼痛停止。或与麝香研为末，酒下一钱，应当排出蓄血。因为苦走血分，咸胜血，所以伤寒血症用它。兼利水道，破血积。昔日楚王吃腌菜所得而吞下，果然能去除结积。虽然说是阴毒之物，也是物性如此。妇人积聚癥块，月经闭止无子也用之，堕胎则最为急切。有水蛭、泥蛭、草蛭，只有水中的蛭，小的为佳。此物难死，用火烤经年，也像鱼子一样；烟熏三年，得水仍活。五六月采集，腹中有子的去掉，先用米泔水浸泡一夜，日晒干燥，细锉，微火炒，或用猪脂煎至黄色才算熟，否则，入腹生子为害。畏盐和锻石。
蜈蚣
蜈蚣有毒能攻毒，气味辛温杀恶虫，消积破瘀堕胎产，口疮牙关紧闭保护婴童。
在大吴川谷中最广泛，江南也有。背绿腹黄，头足红而大的为公，黄细的为母，用公不用母，所以叫公。
解各种疮毒及丹硫毒，制各种蛇毒及虫鱼毒、蛊毒、尸疰恶气。杀三虫，止邪疟，疗心腹寒热积聚，癥瘕，去恶血堕胎。又治小儿撮口，舌上生疮，牙关不开，不能吸乳，研为末，用猪乳汁调灌之。此物鸡喜欢吃，所以中毒者，用乌鸡屎水调涂，或用蛞蝓更好。麝吃蛇则专克蛇毒，菁园里没有蜘蛛，物性相制，每每如此。姜汁炙，去头足，研为末，再用绵纸包好，在无烟火上炒熟使用。
斑蝥
斑蝥辛寒须炒熟，内消瘰疬敷癣毒，破血积又破石淋，通经堕胎溃人肉。
甲上有黄黑斑纹如描画一般。大毒。主治瘰疬疔肿，恶疮疽蚀，死肌顽癣，生痂痒甚。破血积癥瘕，利水道，疗石淋，通经堕胎，行蛊毒。《衍义》说：孕妇不可服。因为能溃烂人肉，治淋药多用，极苦，人尤宜斟酌。七八月豆子茂盛时采，阴干，去翅足，入糯米中炒，米黄为度，生则令人吐泻。马刀为使药，恶巴豆、丹参、空青、肤青。
芜荑
芜荑无毒味辛平，疗风治疥杀虫灵，积滞肠滑不可缺，腹心冷气痛堪凭。
芜，秽也；荑，伤也，其气臭如伤败之物。治疗皮肤骨节中风毒，淫淫如虫行，又治恶疮、疥癣、痔漏、一切疮，多用外敷。性杀虫，去三虫，逐寸白芨脾胃有虫。食即痛，结积聚，肠鸣腹痛，冷痢滑泻及冷气心痛不可缺也。兼治妇人子宫风虚，小儿疳积，中恶蛊毒。孟诜说：多用发热心痛，因为是辛的缘故。陈久的良，小的即榆荚仁，只堪为酱及治鸡病，入药当用大的，面炒黄，得诃子、豆蔻良。
雷丸
雷丸咸苦冷微毒，逐皮热毒杀诸虫，摩膏疗儿百种病，久服伤阴男女同。
雷，累也；丸，圆也，累累相连如圆状。主治散皮肤中热结毒瓦斯，胃中邪热。杀疮疥中虫及寸白三虫。作摩膏除小儿百般积病。本草云：利丈夫，不利女人。疏利男子元气，不疏利女子脏气，非利益之利也。故又说：久服令阴痿。总之，疏利之剂伤阴损血，男女中病则已，皆不宜过服。兼治癫痫狂走，蛊毒。出汉中，白的佳，红的杀人。醋浸泡，去黑皮，焙。雷公以甘草汤浸二日，刮去黑皮，酒拌蒸半日，焙干用。芫花、浓朴、荔核为使。恶葛根。
芦荟
芦荟苦寒疗热风，脑疳鼻痒齿龈空，目昏颈癣并痔漏，镇儿惊痫杀疳虫。
芦，黑也；荟，合也。木之脂液凝成，色黑如锡，用数块散至水中，化则自合者为真。以其味苦，故又名象胆。雷公说：即番国白象胆也。无毒。主治风热烦闷，胸间热气。吹鼻，治脑疳，除鼻痒，敷齿龈。和甘草减半为末，敷颈项耳颊癣疮湿痒并痔疾疮疡。又明目镇心，治小儿癫痫，惊风，诸热。疗五疳，杀蛔虫、三虫。解巴豆毒。另研用。
硫黄
硫黄甘酸性大热，杀诸疮虫燥脓血，壮肾阳气暖肺脾，涩精治痹除呃噎。
硫，流也。助焰硝成火药，流而不返。又硫乃石之液，火之精也。有毒。疗疽痔恶疮，头秃，下部阴疮，妇人阴蚀，一切疥癣，诸疮，息肉，恶血。杀虫及腹脏诸虫。暖肾壮阳，脚冷疼弱光力，筋骨顽痹，下元虚冷，泄精冷秘。又治脾寒久泻，心腹癖积聚及肺胃俱冷，咳逆上气，鼻衄，一切脾肾元气欲绝，服之皆验。中病即已，不可过剂。能化金银铜铁奇物。《液》云：来复丹用硝石之类，至阳佐以至阴，与白通汤佐以人溺、猪胆汁大意相同。所以去拒格之寒，兼有伏阳，不得不尔。如无伏阳，不必以阴药佐之也。出广州舶上，矾石液也。色黄莹净者佳，凡使用，溶化入麻油中，或入童便中浸七日，细研水飞，入痼冷药，以雀脑髓拌之则不臭。一法：硫黄四两，用白矾半斤，入瓦罐内，以豆腐浆煮一日，去水慢火熬干，令结成一块。次日挖地坑埋一瓦罐，内贮米醋一碗，另用铁叶一片，钻十数孔于上，盖定罐口，却取前硫黄罐子覆铁叶上，两口相对，外以盐泥封固，候干，以炭火煅三炷香久，其白矾粘于上罐，硫黄溜于下罐醋内，候冷取出，水浸一宿，阴干，研用。曾青为使。畏细辛、铁。又土硫黄，出广南荣州，溪涧水中流出。味辛、热，腥臭。主疮疥，杀蛊毒。
雄黄
雄黄苦甘平有毒，治诸疮癣鼻息肉，化蛊杀虫辟瘴邪，破癥癖令筋骨续。
出敦煌山，产山之阳者为雄，山之阴者为雌。疗诸疮，疥癣，痔漏，阴疮，鼻中息肉，一切恶疮死肌。昔有误食发而成腹蛊，饮一剂，吐蛇无目，烧之有发气，即愈，此化蛊毒之验也。解藜芦毒，杀诸蛇虺及百虫毒，辟岚瘴鬼魅、中恶邪气。破癥瘕积聚及绝筋破骨、百节中大风。《药性论》云：人佩之，鬼神不能近；入山林，虎野狼伏；涉川济，毒物不敢伤；孕妇佩之，转女为男。单方为末，蒸饼为丸，甘草汤下，暑痢、暑泄皆效。赤如鸡冠明彻坚实不臭者，可入服食药，余但可疗疮，细研水飞。
雌黄
雌黄辛甘平有毒，恶疮疥癞头生秃，身痒白驳皮死肌，肺劳久嗽亦堪服。
主恶疮痂疥，乌癞头秃，鼻中息肉，下部阴疮，虫风身痒，身面白驳，皮肤死肌及肺劳久嗽，妇人血气久冷，心痛不止。兼杀蜂、蛇毒，辟恶邪气。《衍义》云：入药最稀，治外功多。服食者宜详审之。色黄似云母，甲错可折者佳。细研，入瓦罐中，火煅通红，候冷细研，水飞用。
白矾
白矾酸寒治诸疮，瘰疬鼻息肉阴蚀痒，耳目口齿喉风痹，热痰渴泄毒虫伤。
矾，卤也。地之湿者产卤，淋卤而成矾也。无毒。主恶疮，瘰疬，痔漏，阴蚀，脓出痒甚，甲疽肿痛，鼻中息肉，衄血，一切疥癣风疹，去恶肉生肌之妙剂也。又治耳卒肿出脓，目赤目翳息肉，口舌生疮，牙齿肿痛出血，历久碎坏欲尽，急喉风痹，心肺烦热，风涎壅盛，作渴泄痢。兼治蛇蝎、恶犬、壁镜、驴涎、马汗毒伤。此药本除热在骨髓，多服则反伤骨；本能却水消痰，多服反伤心肺。出晋州，白色光明者佳。细研入瓦罐中，火煅半日，色白如轻粉者名枯矾。惟化痰生用，治齿痛喉痹，绵裹，生含咽之。甘草为使。恶牡蛎，畏麻黄。抑考矾有五等：惟白矾多入药用；绿矾疗诸疮，亦入咽喉口齿药；黄矾，本丹灶家所须，亦疗疮生肉染皮；黑矾，又名皂矾，疗疳及染须发药用之；红矾，即石胆，本绿色，煅之则色赤，今亦稀见。鲫矾散：鲫鱼一个，破去肠，入白矾令满，瓦上烧存性，为末。用鸡毛卷药敷之，治痔漏久不愈者，效。
丹砂
丹砂微寒甘无毒，发痘治诸疮息肉，凉心润肺更清肝，益气通血明眼目。
丹，言其色赤也，形质颗块如砂，又名朱砂。治诸疮，疥痂，息肉，内服外涂。痘疮将出，服之解毒，令出少。治心热烦躁，养精神，安魂魄，润肺止渴，清肝明目，纳浮溜之火，益气益精，通血脉，兼辟邪恶瘟疫，中恶腹痛，破癥瘕，下死胎。但宜生使，炼服有毒。《周礼》以五毒攻疮疡，用丹砂、石胆、雄黄、矾石、磁石置瓦合中，火煅三日夜，其烟上着，以鸡羽扫取之以注疮，恶肉、腐骨、脓血溃出即愈。出辰州，光明莹彻，大者如鸡子，小者如石榴子，箭镞紫暗若铁色，碎之作墙壁云母片者佳。细研水飞，灰碗内铺纸渗干用。恶磁石，畏咸水。
乳香
乳香辛温善止痛，疗诸风疮及风中，消肿止泻定霍乱，补肾催生俱要用。
形似乳头，即波斯国松木脂也。纯阳，无毒。能调气血，定诸经之痛，内而心腹骨节，外而疮疡痈疽疼痛者必用之。疗诸风疮、瘾疹、痒毒，入药服之则内消，煎膏贴之则生肌。又治中风口噤不语，消风水毒肿，止大肠泄泻，定霍乱，补肾益精，暖腰膝，下肾气，妇人难产，催生下死，小儿急慢惊风，俱要药也。紫赤如樱桃者上，枫香、松脂多可混之，烧之乃辨真伪。入丸、散，微炒，杀毒。得不粘，或捣碎纸包，席下眠一宿，另研。一法，用时以缯袋挂于窗隙间，良久取研之乃不粘。又熏陆香亦其类也。
没药
没药苦平疗疮痍，破血止痛最为奇，腹心筋骨疼皆用，产后金疮也相宜。
没，沦没也。木之膏液没入地中凝结成块，大小不一，亦波斯国松脂也。但其色黑，无毒。东垣云：没药在治疮散血之科。凡血滞则气壅，经络满急而作痛肿，此药推陈致新，故能破宿血，消肿止痛，为疮家奇药也。又治妇人内伤瘀结，脐腹刺痛，堕胎，心腹俱痛，产后血晕、血气痛及历节诸风，骨节疼痛，一切金疮、杖疮、打扑折伤皆宜。兼治卒下血，目中翳晕肤赤。制同乳香。
麒麟竭
麒麟竭味甘咸平，敛口生肌止血疼，更破血宿除血晕，女虚带下用之灵，紫矿内红外紫黑，能消阴滞益阳精。
出南蕃。麒麟树之津液结成，又名血竭，言其色红也。有小毒。一切恶疮疥癣久不合口者，此药本生肌止痛止血，但性急多用反能引脓。又主打伤折损疼痛及血气心腹刺痛，破瘀血，去五脏邪气，除妇人产后血晕及素虚赤白带下，血积。凡使用，味微咸、甘，作栀子气，嚼之不烂如蜡者佳；味咸甚，作腥气者非入药。另研，得密陀僧良。紫矿，生海南山谷，亦木中脂液结成，形若烂石，与血竭同条，功效全别。无毒。治湿痒疮疥，宜入膏用。又能消阴滞气，益阳精，染家所须。
龙脑
龙脑辛温百药先，香透肾关及顶巅，下疳喉痹目肤翳，清心解热散风涎。
即婆律国杉木脂也。脑乃流出香液，药物惟此最贵，故称龙。气味清香为百药先，纯阳，无毒。善散而窜，通利九窍，下则入肾入骨，上透耳目顶巅。人欲死者吞之，气即散尽，盖芳之甚而散之速也。古方治目赤、内外肤翳、耳聋、喉痹，下疳疮及发豌豆疮，一切风疮多用之。又风湿邪气，心腹积聚，及时疾心烦、狂燥惊热，大人、小儿风涎闭塞，妇人难产亦用之者，皆取其辛散故也。丹溪云：龙脑属火。世人误以为寒，而不知其性散甚似乎寒耳。《局方》辄用与麝同，为桂、附之助。人身阳易于动，阴易于亏，且诸香属
Neutral in nature, it benefits Qi and strengthens the will; long-term consumption enables one to conceive. Those without bones are called cuttlefish (soft fish); their tentacles should be long and straight for superior taste. When wind and waves are slightly turbulent, they use their tentacles to adhere to rocks as anchors.
Toad (Hanma)
Toad is pungent and cold in nature, and toxic. It can be taken internally for carbuncles, sores, and metallic wounds; it breaks up accumulations, treats malnutrition (Gan syndrome), and dog bites. Freshly pounded externally is also suitable for contusions. Chan Su (Toad Venom) is the essence of the toad, with particularly rapid effects on malignant sores and malnutrition emaciation.
This refers to the current common toad, also known as Bufo bufo gargarizans. Its body has a small belly and large back, with many black spots on the skin; it jumps to catch and eat hundred insects. It is often found in slopes and marshes making "ga ga" sounds, moving very hastily.
It primarily treats carbuncles, back infections, leprosy, malignant sores, genital erosion, scabies, and tinea, causing swelling and toxicity to dissipate immediately. It breaks up hard accumulations, treats pediatric malnutrition with bone-steaming fever, blurred vision, sallow complexion and emaciation, and rabies poisoning.
Freshly pounded into a paste for contusions and injuries. Zhu Danxi stated: It belongs to Earth and Water. Materia Medica records that consuming it does not cause heat syndromes; some are roasted, dried, or calcined to ash, and incorporated into prescriptions, unlike common people who boil them into soup with salt. This substance is damp in transformation; fire can stimulate dampness, which over time transforms into heat. Beware! It also treats worm erosion. For intestinal perforation in the lower part, take one toad and one part chicken bone, calcine to ash, and insufflate deeply into the lower part; this is highly effective. For pediatric moon-erosion sores, apply mixed with pig lard. For usage, collect those crawling eastward on the Dragon Boat Festival, remove skin, claws, intestines, and stomach, dry in shade, roast with Chan Su oil, or wine-roast to remove bones, or calcine to ash. Chan Su is the white juice from between the eyebrows. Collection method: Turn the toad upside down with four feet facing the sky; do not let the juice spray into the eyes or blindness will result. Squeeze the juice from between the eyebrows onto oiled paper and dry in shade. It treats carbuncles, furuncles, scrofula, all malignant sores and stubborn tinea, and bleeding from carious teeth gaps; apply a little with a paper wick to stop bleeding immediately. Mixed with beef suet and adjusted with juice of Evodia seedling leaves, massage the waist eyes and scrotum to treat cold kidneys and assist Yang Qi. Also, collect eyebrow juice on the Dragon Boat Festival, mix with Cinnabar and Moschus, form pills the size of sesame seeds, take one pill on an empty stomach to treat pediatric malnutrition emaciation; for brain malnutrition, adjust with breast milk and drip into the nose. Toad fat can soften jade making it easy to chop, and resolves various sore toxins. Toad brain brightens the eyes and treats blindness (Qing Mang).
Pangolin Scale (Lingli Jia)
Pangolin scale is slightly cold and toxic. It is applied and taken internally for ant hemorrhoids, bi-syndrome, wind-pathogen, malaria with blood rushing to the heart, and treats fright evil with excessive crying.
Produced in hills, resembling carp but with scales like iron armor. Because it likes burrowing underground, it is also called Pangolin (Chuan Shan Jia). It treats all kinds of malignant sores, scabies, tinea, hemorrhoids, and mastitis; calcined to ash for application, or mixed with water or wine for internal use. *Tu Jing* states: At noon it comes ashore, opens its scales as if dead, allowing ants to enter; when full, it closes and enters water, ants float out, and it eats them. Thus, it is best for treating ant hemorrhoids. It treats wind-bi, mountain miasma malaria, postpartum blood qi rushing to the heart causing fainting; this medicine can harmonize Qi and nourish blood. It also treats pediatric fright evil, women crying due to pathogenic invasion, and various chronic diseases. Wash, finely slice, stir-fry with freshwater mussel powder until pearl-like, then grind into powder.
Leech (Shu Zhi)
Leech is bitter and salty, toxic and cool in nature. It is good at sucking pus and blood from carbuncles, managing fractures, promoting old blood, resolving accumulations, inducing abortion, unblocking menstruation, and saving women.
Zhi means substance; it is the substance in water. Also known as Horse Leech. It is toxic. It treats red-white wandering rashes and carbuncle swelling. First wash away the salty residue from the swollen skin, attach leeches using a bamboo tube; after a moment they suck, detach themselves when full of blood, then have a hungry person suck again until the skin wrinkles and flesh turns white; recovery is certain. It is also effective for falls and fractures; take one qian adjusted with hot wine, pain relieves after a short while, another dose stops pain. Or mix with Moschus powder, take one qian with wine to promote discharge of retained blood. Since bitter enters blood and salty overcomes blood, it is used for typhoid blood syndromes. It also promotes water pathways and breaks blood stasis. Formerly, King Chu swallowed something obtained from cold pickles, which indeed removed accumulations. Although considered Yin poison, it is also due to its nature. For women's accumulations and masses, amenorrhea and infertility, it is also used; for inducing abortion, it is most urgent. There are water leeches, mud leeches, and grass leeches; only water leeches are used, with smaller ones being better. This creature is hard to kill; even after roasting for years, it resembles fish roe; smoked for three years, it revives in water. Collect in May and June; discard those with eggs in the abdomen. Soak in rice washing water overnight, sun-dry, finely slice, stir-fry over low heat, or fry in pig lard until yellow to cook thoroughly; otherwise, it may produce offspring in the abdomen causing harm. It fears salt and lime.
Centipede (Wu Gong)
Centipede is toxic and can attack toxins; its odor is pungent and warm, killing evil insects, resolving accumulations, breaking stasis, inducing abortion, treating mouth sores and trismus, protecting infants.
Most abundant in Wu Chuan valleys, also found in Jiangnan. Green back, yellow belly; those with red heads and legs are male, yellow and thin are female; use males, not females, hence called "Gong".
Resolves various sore toxins, Dan Liu toxins, controls snake toxins, insect/fish toxins, Gu poison, and corpse transmission evil qi. Kills three parasites, stops evil malaria, treats heart/abdominal cold-heat accumulations, masses, removes evil blood, induces abortion. Treats pediatric mouth grasping, tongue sores, trismus preventing breastfeeding; grind to powder, adjust with pig milk and administer. Chickens like to eat this; thus, for poisoning, apply with black chicken manure water, or slug is even better. Moschus eats snakes and specifically controls snake venom; Jing gardens have no spiders; substances control each other, often so. Roast with ginger juice, remove head and feet, grind to powder, wrap in cotton paper, stir-fry over smokeless fire until cooked.
Mylabris (Ban Mao)
Mylabris is pungent and cold, must be stir-fried until cooked; internally resolves scrofula, externally applies for tinea toxins, breaks blood stasis, treats lithiasis strangury, unblocks menstruation, induces abortion, ulcerates human flesh.
The shell has yellow and black patterns like painting. Highly toxic. Treats scrofula, furuncles, malignant sores, necrotic tissue, stubborn tinea, and crusty itching. Breaks blood stasis and masses, promotes water pathways, treats lithiasis, unblocks menstruation, induces abortion, moves Gu poison. *Yan Yi* states: Pregnant women must not take it. Because it ulcerates flesh, it is often used in strangury treatments; extremely bitter, caution is advised. Collect when beans are lush in July-August, dry in shade, remove wings and feet, stir-fry with glutinous rice until rice turns yellow; raw causes vomiting and diarrhea. *Ma Dao* is the guiding herb; it opposes Ba Dou, Danshen, Kong Qing, and Fu Qing.
Xanthium Seed (Wu Ti)
Xanthium seed is non-toxic, pungent and neutral in nature; treats wind, cures scabies, spirits insects effectively, indispensable for accumulation and slippery intestines, reliable for cold qi pain in abdomen and heart.
"Wu" means foul; "Ti" means damaged; its odor smells like spoiled things. Treats wind-toxin in skin and joints, creeping sensation like insects walking; also treats malignant sores, scabies, tinea, hemorrhoids, and all sores, mostly for external application. Nature kills insects, removes three parasites, expels tapeworms from spleen and stomach. Eating causes pain, forms accumulations, borborygmus and abdominal pain, cold dysentery, slippery diarrhea, and cold qi heart pain; indispensable. Also treats uterine wind-deficiency in women, pediatric malnutrition accumulation, sudden evil Gu poison. Meng Shen said: Excessive use causes fever and heart pain due to its pungency. Aged ones are good; small ones are elm seeds, only suitable for sauce and treating chicken diseases; for medicine, use large ones, stir-fry with flour until yellow, combined with Chebula and Cardamom is good.
Omphalia Lapponica (Lei Wan)
Omphalia lapponica is salty, bitter, cold, slightly toxic; drives out skin heat toxins, kills various worms, paste treats hundreds of children's diseases, long-term use damages Yin in both men and women.
"Lei" means accumulated; "Wan" means round; accumulated together like spheres. Primarily disperses heat knots and toxic gases in skin, evil heat in stomach. Kills worms in sores/scabies and tapeworms/three parasites. Made into paste to remove various pediatric accumulations. Materia Medica says: Benefits men, not women. Promotes Qi in men, does not promote organ Qi in women; this is not beneficial benefit. Thus, it says: Long-term use causes impotence. In short, draining agents damage Yin and blood; once the disease is addressed in men and women, excessive use is not recommended. Also treats epilepsy, running madness, Gu poison. Produced in Hanzhong; white is good, red kills. Soak in vinegar, remove black skin, bake. Lei Gong soaks in Licorice decoction for two days, scrapes black skin, mixes with wine, steams for half a day, bakes dry. Genkwa, Magnolia bark, and Lychee seed are guiding herbs; opposes Pueraria.
Aloe (Lu Hui)
Aloe is bitter and cold, treats wind-heat, brain malnutrition, nasal itching, empty gums, blurred vision, neck tinea, and hemorrhoids, calms pediatric convulsions, kills malnutrition worms.
"Lu" means black; "Hui" means gather. Tree resin solidifies, color black like tin; true material dissolves and re-gathers when scattered in water. Due to bitter taste, also called Elephant Gallbladder. Lei Gong said: It is the white elephant gallbladder from foreign lands. Non-toxic. Treats wind-heat restlessness, heat in chest. Insufflated into nose, treats brain malnutrition, removes nasal itching, applied to gums. Mixed with half amount of Licorice powder, applied to neck, ear, cheek tinea, wet itch, and hemorrhoid sores. Brightens eyes, calms heart, treats pediatric epilepsy, convulsions, various heats. Treats five malnourishments, kills roundworms and three parasites. Resolves Ba Dou toxicity. Grind separately.
Sulfur (Liu Huang)
Sulfur is sweet, acrid, very hot in nature; kills various sore worms, dries pus and blood, strengthens Kidney Yang, warms Lung and Spleen, secures essence, treats bi-syndrome, removes hiccups.
"Liu" means flowing. Helps saltpeter make gunpowder, flows without returning. Sulfur is stone liquid, fire essence. Toxic. Treats carbuncle hemorrhoids, malignant sores, bald head, lower part yin sores, female genital erosion, all scabies/tinea, various sores, polyps, evil blood. Kills insects and abdominal worms. Warms Kidney, strengthens Yang, treats cold painful weak legs, stiff bi-syndrome of tendons/bones, lower Yuan deficiency cold, seminal emission, cold constipation. Also treats spleen-cold chronic diarrhea, heart/abdominal masses/accumulations, cold Lung/Stomach, cough with reverse Qi, epistaxis, all cases where Spleen/Kidney Yuan Qi is about to fail; taking it is effective. Stop when disease is cured, do not overdose. Can transform gold, silver, copper, iron, and strange objects. *Ye* states: Laifu Dan uses Saltpeter etc., supreme Yang assisted by supreme Yin, similar intent to Baitong Tang assisted by human urine and pig bile. Thus removing rejecting cold, and having hidden Yang, it is necessary. If no hidden Yang, no need to assist with Yin medicines. Imported from Guangzhou ships, it is alum stone liquid. Yellow, clear, and clean is good. For usage, melt into sesame oil, or soak in child's urine for seven days, fine grind and water-triturate. For chronic cold medicines, mix with sparrow brain marrow to remove odor. Method 1: 4 liang Sulfur, 8 liang Alum, put in clay pot, boil in tofu slurry for one day, remove water, slow fire dry until forming a block. Next day dig pit, bury clay pot with one bowl rice vinegar inside, use iron sheet with dozen holes, cover pot mouth, place sulfur pot upside down on iron sheet, mouths facing each other, seal with salt mud, wait for dry, roast with charcoal fire for three incense sticks duration; Alum sticks to upper pot, Sulfur flows into lower pot vinegar, cool, take out, soak in water overnight, dry in shade, grind. Zeng Qing is guiding herb. Fears Asarum and Iron. Also earth sulfur, produced in Rongzhou, Guangdong, flowing from streams. Pungent, hot, fishy smell. Treats sores/scabies, kills Gu poison.
Realgar (Xiong Huang)
Realgar is bitter, sweet, neutral, toxic; treats various sores/tinea, nasal polyps, resolves Gu poison, kills insects, dispels miasma evil, breaks masses, heals tendons and bones.
Produced in Dunhuang mountains; produced on sunny slope is Real (Male), shady slope is Female (Ci). Treats various sores, scabies, tinea, hemorrhoids, yin sores, nasal polyps, all malignant sores and necrotic tissue. Once someone mistakenly ate hair causing abdominal Gu; after one dose, vomited eyeless snake, burning it released hair odor, then healed; this is verification of resolving Gu poison. Resolves Veratrum toxicity, kills various snakes/insects toxins, dispels mountain miasma, ghosts/demons, sudden evil qi. Breaks masses/accumulations, severed tendons/broken bones, great wind in joints. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Wearing it, ghosts/spirits cannot approach; entering mountains, tigers/wolves lie down; crossing rivers, poisonous creatures dare not hurt; pregnant women wearing it, changes female to male. Single prescription ground to powder, made into pills with steamed dough, taken with Licorice decoction; effective for summer dysentery/diarrhea. Red like chicken comb, clear, solid, non-odorous can be used for ingestion/medicine; others only for treating sores, fine grind and water-triturate.
Orpiment (Ci Huang)
Orpiment is pungent, sweet, neutral, toxic; malignant sores, scabies, leprosy, bald head, body itch, white patches, dead skin, lung consumption chronic cough also suitable for taking.
Treats malignant sores/crusts/scabies, black leprosy/bald head, nasal polyps, lower yin sores, wind-worm body itch, white patches on body, skin dead muscle, lung consumption chronic cough, female blood/qi long cold, unremitting heart pain. Also kills bee/snake toxins, dispels evil qi. *Yan Yi* states: Rarely used in medicine, mostly external work. Those ingesting should examine carefully. Color yellow like mica, cracked and breakable is good. Fine grind, put in clay pot, roast red hot, cool, fine grind, water-triturate.
Alumen (Bai Fan)
Alumen is sour, cold, treats various sores, scrofula, nasal polyps, yin erosion itch, ears/eyes/mouth/teeth/throat wind-bi, phlegm-heat thirst diarrhea, poison insect injury.
Fan means brine. Wet land produces brine, leaching brine forms alumen. Non-toxic. Treats malignant sores, scrofula, hemorrhoids/fistula, yin erosion, pus discharge with severe itch, paronychia swelling/pain, nasal polyps, epistaxis, all scabies/wind-rash, excellent agent for removing evil flesh and generating new muscle. Also treats sudden ear swelling/pus, red eyes/corneal opacity/polyps, mouth/tongue sores, tooth swelling/pain/bleaching, long-term crumbling, acute throat wind-bi, heart/lung irritability, wind-phlegm congestion, thirst/dysentery. Also treats snake/scorpion, vicious dog, wall lizard, donkey saliva, horse sweat poison injuries. This medicine originally removes heat in bone marrow; excessive use damages bone; originally repels water and eliminates phlegm; excessive use damages heart/lung. Produced in Jinzhou; white and bright is good. Fine grind, put in clay pot, roast for half day; white like light powder is named Calcined Alumen (Ku Fan). Only for resolving phlegm use raw; treat tooth pain/throat bi, wrap in cotton, suck and swallow raw. Licorice is guiding herb. Opposes Oyster shell, fears Ephedra. Examining alumen has five types: Only Bai Fan is mostly used in medicine; Lv Fan treats various sores, also used in throat/tooth medicine; Huang Fan was needed by alchemists, also treats sores/generating flesh/dyeing skin; Hei Fan, also called Zao Fan, treats malnutrition and dyeing hair/beard; Hong Fan, also called Shi Dan, originally green, turns red when roasted, now rare. Crucian Carp Alumen Powder: One crucian carp, break open remove intestines, fill with Bai Fan, roast on tile until charred but retaining nature, grind to powder. Use chicken feather to roll medicine and apply; treats chronic hemorrhoid fistula not healing, effective.
Cinnabar (Dan Sha)
Cinnabar is slightly cold, sweet, non-toxic; promotes measles, treats various sores/polyps, cools Heart, moistens Lung, clears Liver, benefits Qi, unblocks blood, brightens eyes.
Dan means red color; shape like sand grains, also known as Zhu Sha. Treats various sores, scabies/crusts, polyps; internal and external application. Before measles erupt, take to resolve toxin, reduce eruption. Treats heart-heat irritability, nourishes spirit, calms魂魄 (hunpo), moistens Lung, stops thirst, clears Liver, brightens eyes, absorbs floating fire, benefits Qi and essence, unblocks vessels, also dispels evil/epidemics, sudden evil abdominal pain, breaks masses, delivers dead fetus. Should be used raw; refined use is toxic. *Zhou Li* uses five poisons to attack sores, using Cinnabar, Shi Dan, Realgar, Alumen, Magnetite placed in clay vessel, roasted for three days/nights; smoke adheres above, sweep with chicken feather to apply to sore, evil flesh, rotten bone, pus/blood discharges then heals. Produced in Chenzhou, bright and clear, large like chicken egg, small like pomegranate seed, arrowhead purple-dark like iron color, broken like cloud-mica sheets on walls is good. Fine grind and water-triturate, spread paper in ash bowl to dry. Oppesses Magnetite, fears salty water.
Frankincense (Ru Xiang)
Frankincense is pungent, warm, good at stopping pain, treats various wind-sores and wind-stroke, reduces swelling, stops diarrhea, stabilizes cholera, benefits Kidney, induces labor, all essential uses.
Shape resembles nipple, i.e., Persian pine resin. Pure Yang, non-toxic. Can regulate Qi and blood, stabilize pain in all meridians, internal heart/abdomen/joints, external sores/carbuncles pain must use it. Treats various wind-sores, urticaria, itch-toxins; taken internally resolves, boiled into paste generates muscle. Also treats stroke mouth-locking speechlessness, reduces wind-water toxin swelling, stops large intestine diarrhea, stabilizes cholera, benefits Kidney/essence, warms waist/knees, descends Kidney Qi, female difficult labor, induces delivery of dead fetus, pediatric acute/chronic convulsions, all essential medicines. Purple-red like cherry is superior; Liquidambar and Pine resin often mix; burn to distinguish true/false. For pills/powders, lightly stir-fry to kill toxicity. To prevent sticking, or crush wrap in paper, sleep under mat overnight, grind separately. Method 1: Hang in silk bag in window crack for long time, then grind to avoid sticking. Xun Lu Xiang is also of this category.
Myrrh (Mo Yao)
Myrrh is bitter, neutral, treats sores/wounds, breaks blood/stops pain is most miraculous, heart/abdomen/tendon/bone pain all use, postpartum metallic wounds also suitable.
Mo means sinking/submerging. Tree gum sinks into ground condensing into blocks, varying sizes, also Persian pine resin. But color is black, non-toxic. Dong Yuan said: Myrrh is in the category of treating sores and dispersing blood. Whenever blood stagnates, Qi obstructs, meridians full/tight causing pain/swelling, this medicine pushes out old and brings forth new, thus breaking old blood, reducing swelling/stopping pain, a miraculous medicine for sore practitioners. Also treats female internal injury/stasis, umbilical/abdominal stabbing pain, abortion, heart/abdomen pain, postpartum blood fainting/blood qi pain, and joint wind, bone/joint pain, all metallic wounds, beating wounds, contusion/fractures all suitable. Also treats sudden hematochezia, corneal opacity/dizziness/red skin. Preparation same as Frankincense.
Dragon's Blood (Qilin Jie)
Dragon's blood is sweet, salty, neutral, closes wounds, generates muscle, stops pain/bleeding, further breaks old blood, removes blood fainting, female deficiency leukorrhea use is spiritual, Zi Kuang inner red outer purple-black, can eliminate Yin stagnation, benefit Yang essence.
Produced in Southern Barbarians. Resin of Qilin tree condensed, also known as Xue Jie, meaning red color. Slightly toxic. All malignant sores/scabies/tinea not healing for long time, this medicine originally generates muscle/stops pain/bleeding, but nature is urgent, excessive use反而 draws out pus. Also mainly for trauma fracture pain and blood qi heart/abdominal stabbing pain, breaks stasis, removes five zang evil qi, removes female postpartum blood fainting and chronic deficiency red/white leukorrhea, blood accumulation. For usage, taste slightly salty/sweet, makes Gardenia odor, chew does not rot like wax is good; taste very salty, makes fishy odor is not for medicine. Grind separately, combined with Litharge is good. Zi Kuang grows in Hainan valleys, also tree resin condensed, shape like rotten stone, same category as Dragon's Blood, efficacy completely different. Non-toxic. Treats wet itch sores/scabies, suitable for paste use. Also can eliminate Yin stagnation Qi, benefit Yang essence, needed by dyers.
Borneol (Long Nao)
Borneol is pungent, warm, first among hundred medicines, fragrance penetrates Kidney gate and vertex, lower malnutrition/throat bi/eye/skin opacity, clears Heart, resolves heat, disperses wind-phlegm.
It is Sandalwood resin from Polu country. Brain is flowing fragrant liquid, medicine only this is most precious, hence called Dragon. Odor clear/fragrant, first among hundred medicines, pure Yang, non-toxic. Good at dispersing and penetrating, unblocks nine orifices, below enters Kidney/bone, above penetrates ears/eyes/vertex. Dying person swallows it, Qi scatters completely, because fragrance is extreme and dispersal is fast. Ancient formulas treat red eyes, internal/external skin opacity, deafness, throat bi, lower malnutrition sores, and eruptive measles, all wind-sores mostly use it. Also wind-damp evil qi, heart/abdomen accumulations, and epidemic heart irritability/maniacal agitation/fright-heat, adult/pediatric wind-phlegm obstruction, female difficult labor also use it, all due to its pungent dispersal. Danxi said: Borneol belongs to Fire. World people mistakenly think it is cold, not knowing its nature disperses greatly seeming like cold. *Ju Fang* often uses with Moschus, assisting Cinnamon Twig/Aconite. Human body Yang easily moves, Yin easily deficient, and all fragrances belong...