此等方如文家程序，不可不记以为骨。但外感内伤当根据各门类加减穿合摘变而通之。加者，本方外加别
药一二味。减者，本方内减去一二味。穿者，如四君子汤穿四物汤、二陈汤，二三方穿而为一，或有去取。
合者，如四君子汤合四物汤，更无去取。摘者，如用四君子汤，有痰摘二陈汤中陈皮、半夏；血虚摘四物汤
中当归或地黄二味；血虚头痛，摘川芎一味；血虚腹痛，摘芍药一味。千方万方，丸药皆然。知此则处方有骨，
正东垣所谓善用方者不执方，而未尝不本于方也。凡诗括内方无等分者，悉见各门总方及用药赋。
麻黄汤中用桂枝，杏仁甘草四般儿，发热恶寒身体痛，须知一服汗淋漓。（见三卷）
桂枝汤内药三般，芍药甘草一处攒，若把二方相合服，方名各半治伤寒。（见三卷）
九味羌活汤防风，黄芩白芷与川芎，苍术生地细辛草，煎法还用姜枣葱。（见三卷）
大羌活汤即九味，己独知连术相助，一十四般白水煎，两感风寒须此治。（见三卷）
香苏散即君香苏，甘草陈皮各半咀，无汗麻黄宜量入，脑痛芎芷不可无。（见三卷）
升麻葛根汤四味，攒上芍药甘草是，伤寒发热与头疼，汗出恶寒风热治。（见三卷）
十神汤内紫苏多，甘草陈皮香附颗，干葛升麻并芍药，川芎白芷麻黄和。（见三卷）
古苍荆散药相等，甘草减半性不猛，未发热时宜急煎，感冒风寒湿可省。
又名冲和散。苍术、荆芥各等分，甘草减半，水煎温服。治感冒寒湿，身体沉重，肢节酸疼，项背拘急，鼻
塞声重，气壅上盛，咽喉不利等症。
消风百解（散）荆芥芷，陈皮麻黄苍术比，甘草攒成姜葱煎，头疼发热咳嗽使。
荆芥、苍术、白芷、陈皮、麻黄各八分，甘草四分，姜葱煎服。治四时伤寒，头疼发热，鼻
塞声重。如咳嗽加乌梅。
参苏饮内用陈皮，桔梗前胡半夏宜，干葛茯苓同甘草，木香枳壳总堪题。（见三卷）
大青龙汤桂麻黄，甘草杏仁石膏藏，生姜枣子煎热服，恶寒无汗用为良。（见三卷）
小青龙汤治喘嗽，姜桂麻黄细辛凑，半夏五味芍药甘，心胸水气自然透。（见三卷）
白虎汤中用石膏，甘草知母本方抄，人参亦有加之用，热渴虚烦用米熬。（见三卷）
竹叶石膏汤用参，门冬半夏更加临，甘草生姜兼用米，虚寒自利热家寻。（见三卷）
黄连解毒汤四味，黄柏黄芩栀子是，退黄解热又除烦，吐血便红皆可治。（见三卷）
人参败毒散桔梗，甘草川芎茯苓等，枳壳前胡羌独活，柴胡十味性凉冷。（见三卷）
瓜蒂散中赤小豆，二味匀平有传授，豆豉一合水同煎，吐去膈痰须此救。（见三卷）
小柴胡汤只五般，半夏人参一处攒，更有黄芩与甘草，加减由人效百端。（见三卷）
大柴胡汤用大黄，半夏枳壳此为良，更有黄芩赤芍药，姜枣煎来利大肠。（见三卷）
小承气汤枳朴黄，结胸谵语煎之尝，三化汤只加羌活，中风窍闭效非常。
三化汤 即本方加羌活等分，水煎服。利中风九窍俱闭，唇缓舌强。
大承气汤用朴硝、大黄等分不须饶，浓朴倍加并枳壳，通肠利便有功劳。（二方见三卷）
桃仁承气五般奇，甘草硝黄并桂枝，血症发黄并血竭，热泄乱语总相宜。（见三卷）
四逆汤中姜一两，生附减半去皮尖，二两甘草水煎服，厥而下利用之痊。（见三卷）
理中汤用甘草姜，白术人参是泛常，若是内中加附子，更名附子理中汤。（见三卷）
小建中汤芍药三，生姜甘草一分参，更有桂枝一两半，胶饴大枣治虚寒。（见三卷）
玄武汤中芍药魁，茯苓白术甘草煨，附子炮来加减用，生姜五片阳可回。（见三卷）
炙甘草汤参阿胶，麦门生姜大枣饶，生地黄麻子仁桂，入些酒煮治虚劳。（见三卷）
这些方剂如同文章写作的章法程序，不可不牢记作为处方的骨架。但是，外感病和内伤病应当根据各自门类的具体情况，进行加减、穿插、合并、摘取和变化，以灵活变通。加，是在原方之外另外加入一两味药。减，是从原方中减去一两味药。穿，例如将四君子汤与四物汤、二陈汤穿插结合，将两三个方子融合为一个，或者有所取舍。合，例如将四君子汤与四物汤合并使用，没有任何药物的去除或添加。摘，例如使用四君子汤时，若有痰湿，则从二陈汤中摘取陈皮、半夏；若血虚，则从四物汤中摘取当归或地黄两味药；若是血虚引起的头痛，则只摘取川芎一味药；若是血虚引起的腹痛，则只摘取芍药一味药。成千上万的方剂，丸药也都是这样处理的。懂得这个道理，处方就有骨架了，正如李东垣所说，善于运用方剂的人不拘泥于固定的方子，但从未脱离方剂的根本原则。凡是诗括中的方剂没有注明等分的，都详见各门类的总方及用药赋。
麻黄汤中使用桂枝，加上杏仁、甘草共四味药，主治发热、恶寒、身体疼痛，服用后须知要汗出淋漓。（见第三卷）
桂枝汤内的药物有三味，芍药和甘草汇聚在一起，如果把这两个方子合并服用，方名叫做桂枝二越婢一汤（此处原文意指合方治伤寒，通常指桂枝麻黄各半汤类意，但按字面翻译为“方名各半”），用于治疗伤寒。（见第三卷）
九味羌活汤包含防风、黄芩、白芷和川芎，苍术、生地、细辛和甘草，煎煮方法还要加入生姜、大枣和葱。（见第三卷）
大羌活汤就是九味羌活汤，再加上独活、知母、黄连和白术相助，共十四味药用水煎煮，治疗两感风寒必须用此方。（见第三卷）
香苏散的君药是香附、紫苏，甘草和陈皮各半份切碎，无汗时可酌情加入麻黄，脑痛则不可无川芎和白芷。（见第三卷）
升麻葛根汤有四味药，加上芍药和甘草，主治伤寒发热和头疼，汗出恶风属于风热证的治疗。（见第三卷）
十神汤内紫苏用量较多，还有甘草、陈皮、香附颗粒，干葛、升麻并芍药，川芎、白芷和麻黄配合。（见第三卷）
古苍荆散药物分量相等，甘草减半所以药性不猛烈，未发热时宜急煎，可缓解感冒风寒湿邪。（又名冲和散。苍术、荆芥各等分，甘草减半，水煎温服。治疗感冒寒湿，身体沉重，肢节酸痛，项背拘急，鼻塞声重，气壅上盛，咽喉不利等症状。）
消风百解散由荆芥、白芷、陈皮、麻黄、苍术组成，甘草汇聚一起，用姜葱煎煮，用于头疼、发热、咳嗽。
荆芥、苍术、白芷、陈皮、麻黄各八分，甘草四分，姜葱煎服。治疗四季伤寒，头疼发热，鼻塞声重。如果咳嗽加乌梅。
参苏饮内使用陈皮，桔梗、前胡、半夏适宜，干葛、茯苓同甘草，木香、枳壳都值得称道。（见第三卷）
大青龙汤含有桂枝、麻黄、甘草、杏仁、石膏，生姜、大枣煎煮后热服，对于恶寒无汗疗效良好。（见第三卷）
小青龙汤治疗喘咳，生姜、桂枝、麻黄、细辛凑集，半夏、五味子、芍药、甘草，心胸间的水气自然透散。（见第三卷）
白虎汤中使用石膏，甘草、知母是本方基础，人参也有加入使用的情况，治疗热渴虚烦需用米熬煮。（见第三卷）
竹叶石膏汤用人参，麦冬、半夏更加入其中，甘草、生姜兼用米，治疗虚寒自利和热病后期寻用。（见第三卷）
黄连解毒汤有四味药，黄柏、黄芩、栀子是其成分，退黄、解热又除烦，吐血、便血皆可治疗。（见第三卷）
人参败毒散含有桔梗、甘草、川芎、茯苓等，枳壳、前胡、羌活、独活、柴胡，共十味药，性质凉冷。（见第三卷）
瓜蒂散中有赤小豆，这两味药分量均匀有传承，豆豉一合与水同煎，吐去膈膜痰涎须靠此急救。（见第三卷）
小柴胡汤只有五般药，半夏、人参汇聚一处，更有黄芩和甘草，加减由人决定，功效百般多样。（见第三卷）
大柴胡汤使用大黄，半夏、枳壳为此良药，更有黄芩、赤芍药，姜枣煎来通利大肠。（见第三卷）
小承气汤由枳实、厚朴、大黄组成，结胸、谵语煎服尝试，三化汤只加羌活，中风窍闭效果非凡。
三化汤 即本方加羌活等分，水煎服。治疗中风九窍俱闭，唇缓舌强。
大承气汤使用朴硝、大黄等分不需多余，浓朴加倍并加枳壳，通肠利便有功劳。（两个方剂见第三卷）
桃仁承气汤五种药材奇妙，甘草、芒硝、大黄并桂枝，血症发黄并血竭，热泄乱语总相适宜。（见第三卷）
四逆汤中生姜一两，生附子减半去皮尖，二两甘草水煎服，四肢厥冷下利用之痊愈。（见第三卷）
理中汤使用甘草、干姜，白术、人参是常规用法，如果在里面加入附子，更名为附子理中汤。（见第三卷）
小建中汤芍药三份，生姜、甘草一分，人参，更有桂枝一两半，胶饴、大枣治疗虚寒。（见第三卷）
玄武汤中芍药为主，茯苓、白术、甘草煨制，附子炮制后加减使用，生姜五片阳气可回。（见第三卷）
炙甘草汤含有人参、阿胶，麦门冬、生姜、大枣丰富，生地黄、麻子仁、桂枝，加入些酒煮治疗虚劳。（见第三卷）
These formulas are like the structural procedures of writing an essay; they must be memorized to serve as the framework for prescription. However, for exogenous diseases and endogenous injuries, one should adjust, combine, merge, extract, and modify them according to the specific categories, applying flexibility. "Addition" refers to adding one or two additional herbs outside the original formula. "Subtraction" refers to removing one or two herbs from within the original formula. "Interweaving" (Chuan) refers to interweaving formulas, such as combining Si Jun Zi Tang with Si Wu Tang and Er Chen Tang, merging two or three formulas into one, with possible additions or omissions. "Merging" (He) refers to merging formulas, such as combining Si Jun Zi Tang with Si Wu Tang, without any removal or addition of ingredients. "Extraction" (Zhai) refers to extracting specific components, such as when using Si Jun Zi Tang: if there is phlegm, extract Chen Pi and Ban Xia from Er Chen Tang; if there is blood deficiency, extract Dang Gui or Di Huang (two herbs) from Si Wu Tang; if there is headache due to blood deficiency, extract only Chuan Xiong; if there is abdominal pain due to blood deficiency, extract only Shao Yao. This principle applies to thousands of formulas and pills. Understanding this ensures that prescriptions have a solid framework, just as Li Dongyuan said: those who skillfully use formulas do not rigidly adhere to fixed formulas, yet they never deviate from the fundamental principles of formulas. For all formulas in the poetic summary where equal proportions are not specified, please refer to the general formulas and herb usage poems in each respective category.
Ma Huang Tang uses Gui Zhi, along with Xing Ren and Gan Cao, totaling four ingredients. It treats fever, aversion to cold, and body pain; one must know that after one dose, profuse sweating should occur. (See Vol. 3)
Gui Zhi Tang contains three herbs: Shao Yao and Gan Cao are gathered together. If these two formulas are taken combined, the name implies a half-and-half approach to treating Shang Han. (See Vol. 3)
Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang includes Fang Feng, Huang Qin, Bai Zhi, and Chuan Xiong, along with Cang Zhu, Sheng Di, Xi Xin, and Gan Cao. The decoction method requires adding Sheng Jiang, Da Zao, and Cong. (See Vol. 3)
Da Qiang Huo Tang is essentially Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang, assisted by Du Huo, Zhi Mu, Lian, and Zhu. These fourteen ingredients are boiled in water to treat Liang Gan (simultaneous contraction of Taiyang and Yangming meridians) caused by wind-cold. (See Vol. 3)
Xiang Su San has Xiang Fu and Su Ye as its sovereign herbs, with Gan Cao and Chen Pi at half portions, chopped. Ma Huang may be added in appropriate amounts for absence of sweat; Chuan Xiong and Bai Zhi are indispensable for head pain. (See Vol. 3)
Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang consists of four flavors, supplemented with Shao Yao and Gan Cao. It treats Shang Han with fever and headache; sweating with aversion to wind indicates treatment for wind-heat. (See Vol. 3)
Shi Shen Tang contains abundant Zi Su, along with Gan Cao, Chen Pi, and Xiang Fu granules, Gan Ge, Sheng Ma, Shao Yao, Chuan Xiong, Bai Zhi, and Ma Huang harmonized. (See Vol. 3)
Gu Cang Jing San uses equal parts of herbs, with Gan Cao halved so the nature is not fierce. It should be decocted urgently before fever appears to alleviate cold-dampness from wind-cold invasion.
Also known as Chong He San. Cang Zhu and Jing Jie in equal parts, Gan Cao halved, decocted in water and taken warm. Treats cold-dampness invasion causing heavy body, sore joints, stiffness in neck and back, nasal congestion with heavy voice, qi stagnation rising upward, and throat discomfort.
Xiao Feng Bai Jie San (San) consists of Jing Jie, Bai Zhi, Chen Pi, Ma Huang, and Cang Zhu in proportion, with Gan Cao gathered together, decocted with Sheng Jiang and Cong. Used for headache, fever, and cough.
Jing Jie, Cang Zhu, Bai Zhi, Chen Pi, and Ma Huang each 8 fen, Gan Cao 4 fen, decocted with Sheng Jiang and Cong. Treats seasonal Shang Han with headache, fever, nasal congestion, and heavy voice. Add Mei Zi if cough is present.
Shen Su Yin contains Chen Pi; Jie Geng, Qian Hu, and Ban Xia are suitable. Gan Ge, Fu Ling, and Gan Cao are used together; Mu Xiang and Zhi Ke are also commendable. (See Vol. 3)
Da Qing Long Tang contains Gui Zhi, Ma Huang, Gan Cao, Xing Ren, and Shi Gao. Decocted with Sheng Jiang and Da Zao and taken hot; it is excellent for aversion to cold and absence of sweat. (See Vol. 3)
Xiao Qing Long Tang treats wheezing and coughing, gathering Sheng Jiang, Gui Zhi, Ma Huang, and Xi Xin. Ban Xia, Wu Wei Zi, Shao Yao, and Gan Cao allow chest and heart water qi to naturally dissipate. (See Vol. 3)
Bai Hu Tang uses Shi Gao; Gan Cao and Zhi Mu form the base. Ren Shen may also be added; it treats heat, thirst, emptiness, and irritability, decocted with rice. (See Vol. 3)
Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang uses Ren Shen, with Men Dong and Ban Xia added further. Gan Cao, Sheng Jiang, and rice are used together; it is sought for empty-cold spontaneous diarrhea and heat conditions. (See Vol. 3)
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang has four ingredients: Huang Bo, Huang Qin, and Zhi Zi. It reduces jaundice, clears heat, and removes irritability; it can treat hematemesis and rectal bleeding. (See Vol. 3)
Ren Shen Bai Du San contains Jie Geng, Gan Cao, Chuan Xiong, and Fu Ling, etc. Zhi Ke, Qian Hu, Qiang Huo, Du Huo, and Chai Hu make ten ingredients with cool properties. (See Vol. 3)
Gua Di San contains Chi Xiao Dou; these two ingredients are balanced with transmission. Dou Chi one he measured unit is decocted with water; vomiting out phlegm-phlegm from the diaphragm requires this rescue. (See Vol. 3)
Xiao Chai Hu Tang has only five types: Ban Xia and Ren Shen are gathered together, along with Huang Qin and Gan Cao. Modifications depend on the practitioner, yielding hundredfold effects. (See Vol. 3)
Da Chai Hu Tang uses Da Huang; Ban Xia and Zhi Ke are good for this. Huang Qin and Chi Shao Yao are added; decocted with Sheng Jiang and Da Zao to benefit the large intestine. (See Vol. 3)
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang consists of Zhi Shi, Hou Po, and Da Huang. For Jie Xiong (chest binding) and delirium, try decocting it. San Hua Tang adds only Qiang Huo; it has extraordinary effects for stroke with closed orifices.
San Hua Tang is this formula plus Qiang Huo in equal parts, decocted in water. Treats stroke with closure of nine orifices, flaccid lips, and stiff tongue.
Da Cheng Qi Tang uses Mang Xiao and Da Huang in equal parts, without excess. Hou Po is doubled and combined with Zhi Ke; it merits merit in unblocking the intestines and promoting bowel movements. (Both formulas see Vol. 3)
Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang is wondrous with five ingredients: Gan Cao, Xiao Shi, Da Huang, and Gui Zhi. It suits blood disorders, yellow complexion, blood stasis, heat-induced diarrhea, and confused speech. (See Vol. 3)
Si Ni Tang uses one liang of Sheng Jiang; Sheng Fu Zi is halved, skin and tip removed. Two liang of Gan Cao decocted in water; it cures jue (cold extremities) and downward flow. (See Vol. 3)
Li Zhong Tang uses Gan Cao and Sheng Jiang; Bai Zhu and Ren Shen are standard. If Fu Zi is added internally, it is renamed Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang. (See Vol. 3)
Xiao Jian Zhong Tang uses three parts Shao Yao, one part Sheng Jiang and Gan Cao, plus Ren Shen. More Gui Zhi one and a half liang, Yi Tang (malt sugar), and Da Zao treat empty-cold. (See Vol. 3)
Xuan Wu Tang features Shao Yao as chief, with Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, and Gan Cao roasted. Pao Fu Zi is used with modifications; five slices of Sheng Jiang can restore yang. (See Vol. 3)
Zhi Gan Cao Tang contains Ren Shen and E Jiao, enriched with Mai Men Dong, Sheng Jiang, and Da Zao. Sheng Di Huang, Ma Zi Ren, and Gui Zhi are included; decocted with some wine to treat xu lao (consumptive disease). (See Vol. 3)