经曰∶胆者，中清之腑也，号曰将军，决断出焉。能喜怒刚柔，与肝为表里
也，足少阳是其经也。虚则伤寒，恐畏头眩，不能〔独〕卧；实则伤热，惊悸，精神
不守，卧起不定，玄水发，其根在胆。又肝咳不已，则传邪入胆，呕青汁也。又胆有
水，则从头肿至足也。胆病则善太息，口苦，吐宿汁，心中戚戚恐，如人将捕之，
咽仲介介然数〔唾〕。又睡卧则胁下痛，〔口〕苦，多太息。邪气客于胆，则梦斗
讼，脉在左关上浮而得之者，是〔其〕部也。胆实热，则精神不守。胆热则多肿，
胆冷则多眠。又左关上脉阳微者，胆虚；阳数者，胆实；阳虚者胆绝也。以上皆虚
实寒热，生死脉证之法也。
《主治备要》云∶是动则病口苦，善太息，胸胁痛，不能转侧，甚则面微有尘，体无
膏泽，足外反热，是为阳厥。是主胆所生病者，头痛颔肿，目锐 痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋
下肿，马刀挟瘿，汗出振寒，疟，胸、肋、胁、髀、膝，外至胫、绝骨、外踝前及诸节
皆痛。《脉诀》云∶左关，肝与胆脉之所生也。先以轻手得之，是胆，属表；后以重
手取之，是肝，属里也。肝合筋，肝脉循经而行。持脉指法，如十二菽之重，按至筋
平，脉道如筝弦者，为弦；脉道迢迢者，为长。此弦长，乃肝家不病之状也。肝脉本部
在筋，若出筋上，见于皮肤血脉之间者，是其浮也；入于筋下，见于骨上，是其沉也。
临病细推之，举一知十之道也。
《黄帝内经》说：胆是中清之腑，号称将军，决断的功能由此产生。胆能调节喜怒刚柔，与肝互为表里，足少阳经是它的经脉。胆虚则易受寒邪侵袭，出现恐惧、畏寒、头晕目眩，不能独自卧床；胆实则易受热邪侵袭，出现惊悸，精神不能守舍，坐卧不安，引发水肿（玄水），其病根在胆。另外，如果肝咳不止，病邪就会传入胆，导致呕吐青色胆汁。此外，如果胆中有水饮停滞，就会从头肿到脚。胆有病则喜欢叹气，口苦，吐出隔夜宿汁，心中戚戚然感到恐惧，好像有人要抓捕自己一样，咽喉间感觉异物梗阻，频频吐唾沫。另外，睡觉时胁下疼痛，口苦，经常叹气。邪气客居在胆，则会梦见争斗诉讼，脉象在左关部浮取可得，这是胆的诊察部位。胆实热，则精神不能守舍。胆热则容易浮肿，胆冷则嗜睡。另外，左关部脉象阳气微弱的是胆虚；阳气数急的是胆实；阳气虚弱欲绝的是胆绝。以上都是关于虚实寒热以及生死脉证判断的方法。
《主治备要》说：胆经发生变动所致的病症有口苦，喜欢叹气，胸胁疼痛，身体不能转侧，严重时面色微显尘垢，身体缺乏光泽，足外侧反常发热，这称为阳厥。胆经主司所生的病症有：头痛、下颌肿胀，目外眦疼痛，缺盆中肿痛，腋下肿，马刀挟瘿（一种颈侧淋巴结结核或甲状腺肿大伴颈部肿块），出汗且恶寒战栗，疟疾，胸、肋、胁、髀、膝，向外延伸至胫骨、绝骨、外踝前及各个关节都疼痛。《脉诀》说：左关部是肝与胆脉气生成的部位。先用轻手触按，摸到的是胆脉，属表；后用重手触按，摸到的是肝脉，属里。肝合于筋，肝脉循行于经脉之中。切脉的手法，如同十二颗豆子的重量，按压至筋平处，脉道像琴弦一样紧绷的为弦脉；脉道悠长不断的为长脉。这种弦而长的脉象，是肝脏没有生病的状态。肝脉的本部在筋，如果脉象出现在筋之上，显露在皮肤血脉之间，这是浮脉；如果脉象深入筋之下，显露在骨头之上，这是沉脉。临证时要仔细推究，这是举一反三的道理。
The *Classic of Medicine* states: The Gallbladder is a middle-clear organ, known as the "General," from which decision-making arises. It can regulate joy, anger, rigidity, and softness, and stands in exterior-interior relationship with the Liver; the Foot-Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) Meridian is its channel. When deficient, it is susceptible to cold pathogens, manifesting as fear, aversion to cold, dizziness, and inability to lie down alone; when excess, it is susceptible to heat pathogens, manifesting as palpitations, mental restlessness, inability to maintain spiritual focus, restless sitting and lying, onset of edema (Xuan Shui), with the root of the disease in the Gallbladder. Furthermore, if Liver-cough persists, pathogenic factors transmit into the Gallbladder, causing vomiting of green bile. Additionally, if water retention exists in the Gallbladder, swelling occurs from head to foot. Disease of the Gallbladder manifests as frequent sighing, bitter taste in the mouth, vomiting of retained fluids, a sense of inner apprehension and fear as if being hunted, and a sensation of obstruction in the throat with frequent spitting. Moreover, pain may occur under the hypochondrium during sleep, accompanied by bitter taste and frequent sighing. When pathogenic factors lodge in the Gallbladder, dreams of fighting and litigation occur. The pulse located at the left Guan position, felt upon superficial palpation, indicates this region. Gallbladder excess-heat leads to loss of mental focus. Gallbladder heat tends to cause swelling, while Gallbladder cold tends to cause somnolence. Furthermore, a weak Yang pulse at the left Guan position indicates Gallbladder deficiency; a rapid Yang pulse indicates Gallbladder excess; a depleted Yang pulse indicates Gallbladder exhaustion. The above constitute the methods for determining pulse and symptom patterns regarding deficiency, excess, cold, heat, life, and death.
The *Zhu Zhi Bei Yao* states: When the meridian undergoes change, disease manifests as bitter taste, frequent sighing, chest and hypochondriac pain, inability to turn the body, and in severe cases, a dusty complexion, lack of luster in the body, and reversed heat in the lateral aspect of the foot, termed Yang Jue (Yang Reversal). Diseases primarily governed by the Gallbladder include headache, submandibular swelling, pain at the outer canthus of the eye, swelling in the supraclavicular fossa, axillary swelling, Hashimoto's neck (Ma Dao Jia Ying - referring to scrofula or lymphadenopathy associated with thyroid enlargement), sweating with chills, malaria, and pain in the chest, ribs, hypochondrium, thigh, knee, extending outward to the tibia, Juegu point, anterior to the lateral malleolus, and all joints. The *Mai Jue* states: The left Guan position is where the pulses of the Liver and Gallbladder originate. First, using light pressure reveals the Gallbladder pulse, belonging to the Exterior; subsequently, using heavy pressure reveals the Liver pulse, belonging to the Interior. The Liver governs tendons, and the Liver meridian circulates along the channels. In pulse diagnosis, applying pressure equivalent to twelve beans, pressing until level with the tendons, if the vessel feels tight like a zither string, it is a Xian (Wiry) pulse; if the vessel feels long and continuous, it is a Chang (Long) pulse. This Wiry and Long quality represents the state of a healthy Liver. The primary location of the Liver pulse is at the tendons; if the pulse appears above the tendons, visible between the skin and blood vessels, it is Fu (Superficial); if it sinks below the tendons, visible above the bone, it is Chen (Deep). One must carefully deduce these principles when treating patients, which is the way to infer ten things from one example.