春夏秋冬长夏时，青黄赤白黑随宜，左肝右肺形呈颊，心额肾颧鼻主脾，察位须知生者
吉，审时若遇克堪悲，更于黯泽分新旧，隐隐微黄是愈期（按∶《内经》以颧骨属肾等句，与
此互异。此从幼科面上图说录出，虽云简便，须当以《内经》为主，高士宗部位说宜熟读之
望色外又有辨舌之法，舌上无苔为在表，鲜红为火，淡白为寒（指无苔言。）若有白苔为半
表半里，黄苔为在里，黑苔病入少阴多死。苔润有润者为寒，苔燥无液者为火。舌上无苔，如
去油猪腰子为亡液，名镜面舌，不治。又宜与病证相参，不可执一。
舌上无苔表证轻，白苔（半表）半里古章程，热（证舌色）红寒（证舌色）淡参（看其）枯（津枯而红，热证无疑
。否则再辨。）润（色淡而润，寒证无疑，否则再辨，）阴黑（少阴热化舌黑，宜黄连鸡子汤、大承气
汤。少阴寒化舌黑，宜白通汤、通脉四逆汤。）阳黄（阳明证舌苔黄实者可下，虚而不实者不可下
辨死生。全现光莹阴已脱（舌无苔，如去油猪腰，名镜面舌，不治，）微笼本色气之平（淡红中微
笼些少白苔，为胃气无，病舌也，）前人传有三十六（《金镜·三十六舌》，）采摘多歧语弗精。
气衰言微者为虚，气盛言厉者为实。语言首尾不相顾者为神昏，狂言怒骂者为实热，痰
声漉漉者死。新病闻呃者为火逆，久病闻呃者为胃绝。大抵语言声音不异于平时为吉，反者
春夏秋冬以及长夏这五个季节，面色分别呈现青、黄、赤、白、黑五种颜色，应根据时令适宜地观察。左侧脸颊对应肝脏，右侧脸颊对应肺脏；额头对应心脏，颧骨对应肾脏，鼻子对应脾脏。观察面色部位时，需要知道相生之色为吉，若遇到相克之时则令人悲伤。还要通过颜色的晦暗与润泽来区分病情的新旧，隐隐透出微黄色是疾病将要痊愈的时期。（按语：《黄帝内经》中认为颧骨属于肾脏等说法，与此处记载有所不同。此处是从儿科的面部图谱中摘录出来的，虽然声称简便，但应当以《黄帝内经》为主，高士宗关于部位的说法应当熟读。）
除了观察面色之外，还有辨别舌象的方法。舌面上没有苔垢表示病邪在表，舌色鲜红表示有火（热），舌色淡白表示有寒（指无苔的情况而言）。如果有白苔，表示病在半表半里；黄苔表示病在里；黑苔表示病邪深入少阴经，大多预后不良。舌苔湿润表示属寒，舌苔干燥无津液表示属火。舌面上没有苔垢，像去油的猪腰子一样光滑，称为镜面舌，这是津液枯竭的表现，难以治愈。此外，还应结合病症进行综合分析，不可拘泥于单一标准。
舌上无苔表示表证较轻，白苔（半表半里）是古代确定的章程。根据舌色红判断热证，舌色淡判断寒证，并参考其枯润情况（津液枯竭而舌红，无疑是热证。否则再行辨别；舌色淡且湿润，无疑是寒证，否则再行辨别）。黑色舌苔涉及少阴病（少阴热化证见舌黑，宜用黄连鸡子汤、大承气汤；少阴寒化证见舌黑，宜用白通汤、通脉四逆汤）。黄色舌苔涉及阳明病（阳明证舌苔黄而实者可攻下，虚而不实者不可攻下）。辨别死生：全现光莹无苔为阴液已脱（舌无苔，如去油猪腰，名镜面舌，不治）；微微笼罩本色为胃气平和（淡红舌中微微覆盖少许白苔，为胃气尚存，非病舌）。前人传述有三十六种舌象（《金镜录·三十六舌》），采摘众多但言语不够精当。气息衰弱、说话声音低微属于虚证；气息旺盛、说话声音严厉属于实证。语言首尾不相应顾盼的是神志昏迷，胡言乱语、怒骂的是实热证，喉间痰声漉漉的是死证。新病出现呃逆的是火气上逆，久病出现呃逆的是胃气衰竭。大体上，语言声音与平时无异为吉，相反则为凶。
During the four seasons and the late summer, the complexion presents green, yellow, red, white, and black colors respectively, which should be observed according to the appropriateness of the season. The left cheek corresponds to the Liver (Gan), and the right cheek corresponds to the Lung (Fei); the forehead corresponds to the Heart (Xin), the malar region (cheekbones) corresponds to the Kidney (Shen), and the nose corresponds to the Spleen (Pi). When observing facial locations, one must know that generating colors indicate auspiciousness, while encountering controlling colors at specific times is sorrowful. Furthermore, distinguish between new and old conditions by the dullness or luster of the color; a faint yellow hue indicates the period of recovery. (Note: The *Neijing* states that the malar bones belong to the Kidney, etc., which differs from this text. This excerpt is taken from pediatric facial charts. Although claimed to be simple, it should prioritize the *Neijing*, and Gao Shizong's theory on locations should be studied thoroughly.)
Beyond observing complexion, there is the method of distinguishing the tongue. A tongue without coating indicates the pathogen is in the Exterior (Biao); a bright red color indicates Fire (Heat); a pale white color indicates Cold (referring specifically to cases without coating). If there is a white coating, the condition is half-Exterior and half-Interior; a yellow coating indicates the pathogen is in the Interior; a black coating indicates the disease has entered the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) channel, and death is often the outcome. A moist coating indicates Cold; a dry coating without fluid indicates Fire. A tongue without coating, resembling a defatted pork kidney, signifies the exhaustion of fluids and is named "Mirror-Surface Tongue" (Jingmian She), which is incurable. Additionally, this must be correlated with symptoms and signs; do not adhere rigidly to one standard.
A tongue without coating indicates a mild Exterior syndrome. White coating (half-Exterior, half-Interior) follows ancient principles. Red tongue color refers to Heat syndromes; pale tongue color refers to Cold syndromes; refer to their withered or moist state (Withered red due to fluid exhaustion is undoubtedly Heat. Otherwise, differentiate further; Pale and moist is undoubtedly Cold. Otherwise, differentiate further). Black tongue involves Shaoyin (Shaoyin Heat transformation with black tongue is suitable for Huanglian Jizi Tang [Coptis Egg Yolk Decoction] and Dachengqi Tang [Major Order the Qi Decoction]; Shaoyin Cold transformation with black tongue is suitable for Baitong Tang [White Pass Decoction] and Tongmai Sini Tang [Unblock the Pulse Sini Decoction]). Yellow tongue involves Yangming (Yangming syndrome with yellow and solid coating can be purged; if deficient and not solid, do not purge). Differentiate life and death: Completely smooth and glossy without coating indicates Yin exhaustion (Tongue without coating, like defatted pork kidney, named Mirror-Surface Tongue, incurable); slightly covering the original color indicates balanced Qi (Slightly covered with a little white coating among pale red indicates Stomach Qi is present, not a pathological tongue). Predecessors transmitted thirty-six types (*Jingxian Lu · Thirty-Six Tongues*), but the collection is diverse and language imprecise. Weak Qi and low voice indicate Deficiency (Xu); abundant Qi and harsh voice indicate Excess (Shi). Speech that does not correspond coherently indicates Shen Hun (Spirit Confusion/Coma); wild speech and cursing indicate Excess Heat; gurgling phlegm sounds indicate death. New onset of hiccups indicates rebellious Fire; long-standing hiccups indicate exhaustion of Stomach Qi. Generally, speech and voice unchanged from normal times are auspicious; contrary changes are ominous.